下面是范文網(wǎng)小編收集的托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃17篇 托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃大全，供大家閱讀。
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃1
下面是托福閱讀材料的集錦，希望對你們有幫助，謝謝。
托福閱讀材料：全球氣候變暖
Rice yields falling under global warming
全球氣候變暖也與亞洲的一些主要大米出產(chǎn)國的耕地面積減少有關(guān)。
Global warming is cutting rice yields in many parts of Asia, according to research, with more declines to come.
Yields have fallen by 10-20% over the last 25 years in some locations.
The group of mainly US-based scientists studied records from 227 farms in six important rice-producing countries such as Thailand, Vietnam, India and China.
This is the latest in a line of studies to suggest that climate change will make it harder to feed the world's growing population by cutting yields.
In , other researchers found that rice yields in the Philippines were dropping by 10% for every 1C increase in night-time temperature.
That finding, like others, came from experiments on a research station.
The latest data, by contrast, comes from working, fully-irrigated farms that grow “green revolution” crops, and span the rice-growing lands of Asia from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu to the outskirts of Shanghai.
Describing the findings, which are published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), lead researcher Jarrod Welch said:
“We found that as the daily minimum temperature increases, or as nights get hotter, rice yields drop.”
The mechanism involved is not clear but may involve rice plants having to respire more during warm nights, so expending more energy, without being able to photosynthesise.
By contrast, higher temperatures during the day were related to higher yields; but the effect was less than the yield-reducing impact of warmer nights.
However, if temperatures continue to rise as computer models of climate project, Mr Welch says hotter days will eventually begin to bring yields down.
We see a benefit of [higher] daytime temperatures principally because we haven't seen a scenario where daytime temperatures cross over a threshold where they'd stop benefiting yields and start reducing them,“ he told BBC News.
”There have been some recent studies on US crops, in particular corn, that showed the drop-off after that threshold is substantial,“ said the University of California at San Diego researcher.
The assessment of climate impacts from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that although a modest temperature rise could increase crop yields in some regions, for ”temperature increases more than 3C, average impacts are stressful to all crops assessed and to all regions“.
A study published at the begining of last year concluded that half of the world's population could face a climate-induced food crisis by 2100, with the most extreme summers of the last century becoming routine towards the end of this century.
托福閱讀材料：莫斯科煙霧死亡率
Death rate doubles in Moscow's smoke, heat
高溫和森林大火帶來的煙塵使俄羅斯首都莫斯科的居民飽受煎熬
Scorching heat and acrid smoke have nearly doubled death rates in Moscow, a city official said on Monday, as a shroud of smog from raging forest and peat fires beset Russia's capital for a third week.
Firefighters battled wildfires covering 1,740 square km (672 sq miles) -- bigger than the area of Greater London -- in what the state weather forecaster said was Russia's worst heat wave for a millennium.
”The average death rate in the city during normal times is between 360 and 380 people per day. Today, we are around 700,“ Andrei Seltsovsky, Moscow's health department chief, told a city government meeting.
Russia's worst drought in decades has spooked world grain markets, driving wheat prices up at the swiftest rate in more than 30 years and raising the specter of a food crisis.
Seltsovsky said heat stroke was the main cause of the recent increase in deaths. He said ambulance dispatches in Moscow were up by about a quarter to 10,000 a day and problems linked to heart disease, bronchial asthma and strokes had increased.
”This is no secret,“ Seltsovsky said. ”Everyone thinks we're making secrets out of it. It's 40 degrees (Celsius, or 104 Fahrenheit) on the street. Abroad, people drown like flies and no one asks questions.“
Moscow morgues and hospitals were overcrowded, funeral parlors were doing a brisk business in coffins, and a sign in one crematorium said it was fully booked and taking no new orders.
”Today we have 80 bodies. We store them anywhere we can because the refrigerators are full,“ an attendant at Hospital No. 62's morgue, designed to hold up to 35 corpses, told Reuters.
Until Monday, neither federal nor Moscow authorities had announced data on deaths from heat and pollution, giving rise to suspicion of a Soviet-style cover-up in the face of criticism of the government's handling of the wildfire crisis.
Officials say 52 people have been killed by fires that have ravaged forests and fields and destroyed a handful of villages since late July.
ECONOMIC IMPACT
Prime Minister Vladimir Putin last week announced a grain export ban from August 15 to December 31, sending prices higher and hurting shares of brewers such as Carlsberg and Heineken.
SovEcon, a leading agricultural analyst, said on Monday the government might extend the ban even longer, reducing -11 wheat exports to about 3 million tonnes instead of the earlier expected 10-11 million tonnes.
SovEcon also said Russia's wheat crop might be about one-third smaller than last year's, dropping to 43 million tonnes from 61.7 million tonnes in .
Russia's main sugar lobby warned on Monday that the drought may hamper this year's beet sugar output, reducing it from the earlier expected 4 million tonnes to 3.2-3.5 million tonnes.
The downgraded sugar beet forecast is not expect to change Russia's import needs as it has large domestic reserves. Almost all sugar produced in Russia is consumed domestically.
Kremlin critics have blamed Putin for what they call a sluggish and ineffective government response to the fires, but polls have so far shown no decline in his popularity.
Russia has begun to feel economic effects from the horrid weather conditions, which have prompted banks and businesses to reduce staffing and slowed activity in the service sector.
Alfa Bank, a Moscow investment bank, said it would not publish a daily research bulletin on Monday or Tuesday.
”O(jiān)wing to severe weather in Moscow, there is only a limited presence at the bank,“ an Alfa official said in an e-mail.
According to the business daily Kommersant, investment bank Uralsib shortened its workday on Monday, and state-controlled behemoth Sberbank closed some of its back offices.
But many Muscovites did report for work, trudging to metro stations or driving on streets where visibility was far below normal and smog veiled buildings.
Many people wore facemasks to try to filter the smoke, but the masks were increasingly hard to find and some doctors raised concerns about an official whitewash of the real impact of the smoke in Moscow.
An unnamed doctor at a Moscow clinic wrote on his Internet site over the weekend that he was wary of diagnosing patients with heat- and smoke-related illnesses for fear of dismissal.
Another doctor at a major hospital, speaking on condition of anonymity, told Reuters on Sunday that senior management had instructed staff not to link patients' illnesses with the heat.
Moscow authorities said over the weekend that reception centers were operating city-wide as refuges from the heat. But Vitaly Bredikhin, deputy manager of one of the centers, said that about 90 percent of the facilities lacked air-conditioning.
At one of the shelters, in an old building near Pushkin Square in the center of the city, about 10 elderly people sat in a hot dining room with no air-conditioning or even a fan.
托福閱讀材料：美國對狼的保護(hù)
Judge orders US to keep protecting 'endangered' wolves
A federal judge has ordered the US to put Rocky Mountain grey wolves back on a list of protected endangered species.
Encouraged by the recovery of the once nearly-extinct wolf, the US last year moved to allow wolf hunts in two states while protecting them in a third.
But a judge ruled the law did not permit the US to protect part of a species population while allowing hunting of the rest.
Despite the ruling, Idaho said it would seek federal approval for a wolf hunt.
The decision puts wolves in the states of Montana and Idaho back on the endangered species list following their removal last year.
Wyoming's wolves had remained protected because the US government was unsatisfied with the state's wolf protection plan.
In Montana, US District Judge Donald Molloy came down on the side of a coalition of conservation groups who had challenged the US Fish and Wildlife Service's move to take the grey wolf off the endangered species list in Montana and Idaho.
Among several arguments, the coalition said the law did not permit the Fish and Wildlife Service to ”partially delist“ protected species - protecting the wolf in one state but not others.
Significant protection
”The plain language of the Endangered Species Act does not allow the agency to divide a [population segment] into a smaller taxonomy,“ Judge Molloy wrote.
Grey wolves were once abundant in the US, but a government-sponsored hunting programme nearly eradicated them. The wolves were gone from Montana, Idaho, Wyoming and south-western Canada by the 1930s.
The US passed the Endangered Species Act in 1973 and the wolf was listed as endangered in 1974, affording it significant protection from hunters.
In the 1990s, the government reintroduced wild wolf populations into the northern Rocky Mountains, situated in the western US.
Powerful ranching interests in the states concerned have opposed protection of the wolves, saying they threaten livestock.
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃2
托福100條必備習(xí)語
1. a beach personM: Jennifer is going to the shore again this weekend.
W: Well, she’s always been a beach person.
A person who likes to go to the beach
2. a bunch of
A bunch of us are getting together to go to the basketball game on Saturday afternoon.
A group of
3. abound in
New Jercy abounds in colonial architecture, battlefields of the revolution, and other historical sites important in the early history.
Be rich in
4. adhere to
We will adhere to our plan.
carry out a plan or an operation without deviation:
5. a host of
A host of terms came into use.
A group of
6. a household word
Pearl S. Buck was almost a household word throughout much of her lifetime.
A widely known saying, name, person, or thing
7. a large amount of jjj
A large quantity of
Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map.
8. a needle in a haystack
Something impossible to do（大海撈針）
W: We are supposed to meet John here at the train station.
M: That’s like looking for a needle in a haystack（干草堆）.
9. a nest egg
A sum of money put by as a reserve
Today the simple piggy bank is seen everywhere as the symbol of saving and frugality, for putting away funds for a rainy day, or building a nest egg (money saved for emergencies) for life’s sudden money needs.
10. a rainy day jjj
A time of need or trouble
They put away funds for a rainy day, or building a nest egg (money saved for emergencies) for life’s sudden money needs.
11. a range of 廣泛的
She created a range of廣泛的 sculptures in different styles in the 1940’s.
12. a rare treat
M: This casserole砂鍋菜 really tastes good. I guess that’s because the vegetables in it are fresh instead of canned.
M: I know. Kind of a rare treat in this cafeteria.
13. a rule of thumb
A useful principle having wide application but not intended to be strictly accurate or reliable in every situation.
This basic chemical knowledge, which was applied in most cases as a rule of thumb, was nevertheless dependent on previous experiment.
14. a scorcher
A hot day
Hew! It’s a real scorcher today.
15. a selection of
The jewelry store doesn’t have a good selection of watches.
16. a series of
Reversals of the field give rise to a series of magnetic stripes條紋地帶 running parallel to the axis軸 of the rift裂口.
A number of objects or events arranged or coming one after the other in succession.
17. a suite of
Their fossilization required a suite (套) of factors.
18. a torrent of
大量的
They brought a torrent of criticism on the experimenter.
19. a trace of
一絲
Scientists believe that when the oceans were young they contained only a trace of salt and their level of salinity含鹽量has been growing gradually.
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃3
There are a great many beautiful and delicate pictures to illustrate the words and make it more understandable. With those wonderful pictures, learning can be real fun and easy!
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃4
I would be able to make friends with those who share the same love for this. Perhaps we can have a little get-together. We can talk, laugh, I mean, exchange our ideas and share our feelings. We all feel like one big family.
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃5
The amazing part is its picturesque view and enjoyable surroundings. Having a walk beside the lake and rockery, I can smell the fragrance of grass and the flowers, hear the cries of the birds and feel the bracing breeze on my face.
托?？谡Z模板【學(xué)習(xí)英語】
With the language surroundings, it'll be easy for me to polish my speaking and listening skills.This can render me a good opportunity to practice my English, and eventually put me in a favorable position in the upcoming competition.
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃6
Flinch
美 [fl?nt?] 英 [fl?nt?]
N. 退縮
v. 畏縮;(突然)退縮
Fling
美 [fl??] 英 [fl??]
v. 拋;猛動(dòng)(身體或身體部位);粗暴地(向某人)說
N. 一陣盡情歡樂;一時(shí)的放縱;短暫的風(fēng)流韻事
Flip
美 [fl?p] 英 [fl?p]
N. 瀏覽;空翻;輕拋;捻擲
v. 迅速翻動(dòng);按(開關(guān));按(按鈕);開(或關(guān))(機(jī)器等)
Adj. 〈美俚〉= flippant
Flippant
美 ['fl?p?nt] 英 ['fl?p?nt]
Adj. 輕率的
Flirt
美 [fl?rt] 英 [fl??(r)t]
N. 與多人調(diào)情的人
v. 調(diào)情
Float
美 [flo?t] 英 [fl??t]
v. 浮;浮動(dòng);漂浮;漂流
N. 浮子;彩車;魚漂;(學(xué)游泳用的)浮板
Flock
美 [flɑk] 英 [fl?k]
v. 聚集;群集;蜂擁
N. (羊或鳥)群;(尤指同類人的)一大群
Flog
美 [flɑɡ] 英 [fl?ɡ]
v. 鞭笞;出售(某物給某人)
Flop
美 [flɑp] 英 [fl?p]
v. 沉重地躺下;移動(dòng);砸鍋;完全失敗
Adv. 噗地一聲
N. 不成功
Florid
美 ['fl?r?d] 英 ['fl?r?d]
Adj. 紅潤的;過分裝飾的;過多修飾的
Flounder
美 ['fla?nd?r] 英 ['fla?nd?(r)]
N. 比目魚;偏口魚
v. 不知所措;撓頭;支吾;困難重重
Flour sack
網(wǎng)絡(luò). 面粉袋;面粉袋紙;面口袋
Flourish
美 ['fl?r??] 英 ['fl?r??]
v. 繁榮;興旺;昌盛;茁壯成長
N. (為引起注意的)夸張動(dòng)作;給人深刻印象的行動(dòng);令人難忘的方式;修飾
Flout
美 [fla?t] 英 [fla?t]
N. 嘲笑;表示輕蔑的言行
v. 無視(法律等)
Fluffy
美 ['fl?fi] 英 ['fl?fi]
Adj. 絨毛般的;覆有絨毛的;松軟的;輕軟狀的
Flush
美 [fl??] 英 [fl??]
v. 沖洗;臉紅;發(fā)紅;沖(抽水馬桶)
N. 臉紅;潮紅;一陣強(qiáng)烈情感;(流露出的)一陣激情
Adj. 富有;完全齊平
Adv. 齊平地;直接地
Fluster
美 ['fl?st?r] 英 ['fl?st?(r)]
N. 慌張;慌亂
v. 使忙亂;使慌亂;使緊張
Flutter
美 ['fl?t?r] 英 ['fl?t?(r)]
N. 撲動(dòng);顫動(dòng);飄動(dòng);振動(dòng)
v. 顫動(dòng);(鳥或昆蟲)拍(翅);飛來飛去;翩翩飛舞
Foam
美 [fo?m] 英 [f??m]
N. 泡沫;泡沫橡膠;海綿橡膠;泡沫劑(用于洗滌、剃須、滅火等)
v. 有泡沫;起泡沫
Focus on
v. 聚焦于;集中于
Foe
美 [fo?] 英 [f??]
N. 敵人;仇敵
Foil
美 [f??l] 英 [f??l]
N. 箔;【船】(船艇的)水翼;陪襯物;【體】花劍
v. 襯托;阻止;挫敗;【獵】攪亂
Foist
美 [f??st] 英 [f??st]
v. 私自增加 (into;in);偷偷安插(人);騙賣(假貨等)
N. 中國佛教徒
Foliage
美 ['fo?li?d?] 英 ['f??li?d?]
N. (植物的)葉;枝葉
Follow close to the line of
網(wǎng)絡(luò). 嚴(yán)格遵守
Follow suit
Na. 【牌】跟出同花色的牌;學(xué)樣
Folly
美 ['fɑli] 英 ['f?li]
N. 愚蠢;愚笨;愚蠢的想法(或事情、行為)
Foment
美 [fo?'ment] 英 [f??'ment]
v. 激起
Fondle
美 ['fɑnd(?)l] 英 ['f?nd(?)l]
v. (尤指示愛或兩性間)愛撫
Food processing
N. 食品加工
Foolhardy
美 ['ful.hɑrdi] 英 ['fu?l.hɑ?(r)di]
Adj. 莽撞的;有勇無謀的
Foolproof
美 ['ful.pruf] 英 ['fu?l.pru?f]
Adj. 使用簡便的;完全可靠的;萬無一失的
For a time
Na. 暫時(shí)
For the most part
Na. 在極大程度上;就絕大部分而言;多半;基本上
For the time
網(wǎng)絡(luò). 在當(dāng)時(shí);發(fā)表日;更新
Forage
英 ['f?r?d?]
N. 牧草;飼料;糧秣;糧秣的搜索[征發(fā)]
v. 搜索[征發(fā)]糧秣;給(馬)吃草料;〔古語〕蹂躪;搶劫
Glamor
N. 〈美〉同“glamour”;魔法;魔力;魄力
v. 迷住
Glamorous
美 ['ɡl?m(?)r?s] 英 ['ɡl?m?r?s]
Adj. 特別富有魅力的;富于刺激的;獨(dú)特的
Glance
美 [ɡl?ns] 英 [ɡlɑ?ns]
v. 瀏覽;掃視;瞥一眼;匆匆一看
N. 一瞥;掃視;匆匆一看
Glare
美 [ɡler] 英 [ɡle?(r)]
v. 怒目而視;發(fā)出刺眼的光
N. 刺眼的光;瞪眼
Adj. 光滑的
Glaring
美 ['ɡler??] 英 ['ɡle?r??]
Adj. 顯眼的;明顯的;易見的;刺眼的
v. “glare”的現(xiàn)在分詞
Gleam
美 [ɡlim] 英 [ɡli?m]
v. 閃爍;發(fā)微光;隱約閃光;顯得光潔明亮
N. 閃現(xiàn);一線;微光(常指反光);少量
Glean
美 [ɡlin] 英 [ɡli?n]
v. 四處搜集(信息、知識等)
Gleeful
美 ['ɡlif(?)l] 英 ['ɡli?f(?)l]
Adj. 歡喜的;高興的;幸災(zāi)樂禍的
Glib
美 [ɡl?b] 英 [ɡl?b]
Adj. 油腔滑調(diào)的;不誠懇的;未經(jīng)思考的;膚淺的
Gloat
美 [ɡlo?t] 英 [ɡl??t]
v. 幸災(zāi)樂禍;沾沾自喜;揚(yáng)揚(yáng)得意
N. 沾沾自喜;得意的注視;愛慕的凝視;垂涎
Gloom
美 [ɡlum] 英 [ɡlu?m]
N. 黑暗;憂郁;幽暗;昏暗
v. 變黑暗;變憂郁;現(xiàn)愁容;使朦朧
Gloomy
美 ['ɡlumi] 英 ['ɡlu?mi]
Adj. 黑暗的;陰暗的;幽暗的;憂郁的
Glossy
美 ['ɡl?si] 英 ['ɡl?si]
Adj. 光滑的;光彩奪目的;有光澤的;浮華的
N. 用亮光紙印刷的雜志
Glue
美 [ɡlu] 英 [ɡlu?]
N. 膠;膠水
v. 粘貼
Glum
美 [ɡl?m] 英 [ɡl?m]
Adj. 憂郁的;死氣沉沉的;悶悶不樂的
Glut
美 [ɡl?t] 英 [ɡl?t]
N. 供應(yīng)過剩;供過于求
v. 超量供應(yīng);充斥
Gnaw
美 [n?] 英 [n??]
v. 啃;咬;嚙
Go about
Na. 走來走去;著手(工作);(謠言等)流傳;【航】掉轉(zhuǎn)船頭
Go back as far as
網(wǎng)絡(luò). 追溯到
Go back to
v. 追溯到
Go off
Na. 進(jìn)行得 (well;badly);(話等)冒出
Goad
美 [ɡo?d] 英 [ɡ??d]
N. 激勵(lì);(趕牛等牲畜用的)尖頭棒
v. (不斷地)招惹
Gold rush
N. 淘金熱
Gold-headed cane
網(wǎng)絡(luò). 金手杖
Gorge
美 [ɡ?rd?] 英 [ɡ??(r)d?]
N. 峽谷
v. 貪婪地吃;狼吞虎咽
Gorgeous
美 [?ɡ??(r)d??s]
Adj. 漂亮的;艷麗的;美麗動(dòng)人的;光彩奪目的
Gossip
美 [?ɡ?sip]
N. 八卦;八卦新聞;愛閑聊的人
v. 八卦
Governing class
網(wǎng)絡(luò). 統(tǒng)治階級;統(tǒng)治階層;治理階級
Gown
美 [ɡa?n] 英 [ɡa?n]
N. 女長服;長外衣;外罩
v. 著大學(xué)禮服
Grand
美 [ɡr?nd] 英 [ɡr?nd]
Adj. 壯麗的;堂皇的;重大的;(用于大建筑物等的名稱)大
N. 1 000 元;1 000 英鎊
Grandiose
美 ['ɡr?ndi.o?s] 英 ['ɡr?ndi??s]
Adj. 華而不實(shí)的;浮夸的;不切實(shí)際的
Grapple
美 ['ɡr?p(?)l] 英 ['ɡr?p(?)l]
N. 格斗;緊握;抓機(jī);同“grapnel”
v. 扭打;搏斗;努力設(shè)法解決
Grass plains
網(wǎng)絡(luò). 長滿草的平原
Gratification
美 [?gr?t?f?'ke??n] 英 [?gr?t?f?'ke??n]
N. 滿足;滿意;快感;令人喜悅的事物
Gratuitous
美 [ɡr?'tu?t?s] 英 [ɡr?'tju??t?s]
Adj. 無正當(dāng)理由(或目的)的;無謂的
Gravel
美 ['ɡr?v(?)l] 英 ['ɡr?v(?)l]
N. 礫石;沙礫;石子
v. 鋪石子(在路上);使著慌;(因砂粒嵌入蹄內(nèi))使(馬)跛足
Graze
美 [ɡre?z] 英 [ɡre?z]
v. 放牧;擦傷;(在草地上)吃青草;放牛
N. (表皮)擦傷
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃7
A or B
From my point of view, it is advisable to choose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for ____________________ is that ________________.
There is another factor that deserves some words here.In a word, ________________________. While it is true that the argument, I disagree hold a little bit of water, I think_______________.
托?？荚噺?fù)習(xí)攻略：地道美式作文必備60詞
Aid=assist(幫助，援助)
Alter=change or modify(改變)
Ask=inquire(詢問)
Assail=denounce(譴責(zé))
Axe=dismissreduce(解雇，減少)
Balk=impede(阻礙)
Ban=prohibit or forbid(禁止)
Bar=prevent(防止，阻止)
Bare=expose or reveal(暴露，揭露)
Blast=explode(爆炸)
Begin=commence(開始)
Bid=attempt(努力)
Bilk=cheat(欺騙)
Bolt=desert or abandon(放棄)
Boost=increase(增加，提高)
check=examine(檢查)
claim=ause the death of…(奪去……的生命)
clash=disagree strong1y(發(fā)生分歧，爭議)
curb=control or restrict(控制)
Dip=decIlne or decrease(下降)
Ease=lessen(減輕，緩和)
End=terminate(結(jié)束，中止)
Flay=criticize(批評)
Flout=insult(侮辱)
Foil=prevent from(阻止，防止)
Grill = investigate(調(diào)查)
Gut=destroy(摧毀)
Head=direct(率領(lǐng))
Hold=arrest(逮捕)
laud=praise(贊揚(yáng))
lop=diminish(下降，減少)
Map=work out(制訂)
Mark=celebrate(慶祝)
Name=appointnominate(命名，提名)
Moot=discuss(討論)
Mull=consider(考慮)
Nab=arrest(逮捕)
Nip=defeat(擊敗)
Ease=lessen(減輕，緩和)
End=terminate(結(jié)束，中止)
Flay=criticize(批評)
Flout=insult(侮辱)
Foil=prevent from(阻止，防止)
Grill = investigate(調(diào)查)
Gut=destroy(摧毀)
Head=direct(率領(lǐng))
Hold=arrest(逮捕)
laud=praise(贊揚(yáng))
lop=diminish(下降，減少)
Map=work out(制訂)
Mark=celebrate(慶祝)
Name=appointnominate(命名，提名)
Moot=discuss(討論)
Mull=consider(考慮)
Nab=arrest(逮捕)
Nip=defeat(擊敗)
Slay=murder(謀殺)
Soar=skyrocket(急劇上升)
Spur=encourage(激勵(lì)，鞭策)
Swap=exchange(交流，交換)
Sway=influence(影響)
Trim=reduce(削減)
vie=compete(競爭)
vow=determine(決心，發(fā)誓)
Weigh=consider(考慮)
托福寫作模板:是否同意一輩子住在同一個(gè)地方
托福獨(dú)立寫作題目：
Topic 31 Some people spend their entire lives in one place. Others move a number of times throughout their lives， looking for a better job， house， community， or even climate. Which do you prefer： staying in one place or moving in search of another place? Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion.
托福寫作模板及參考答案：
托福寫作參考范文：
Even though I have lived in the same house， in the same neighborhood， in the same city my entire life， I know I would be happy living in a variety of places. Moving would expose me to new people， new weather， and new housing.
Even if I were to move to another part of my city， I would encounter new people. Each neighborhood has a distinct personality. When I move to that neighborhood， I would meet the shopkeepers and residents that shape that personality. I may even adopt part of their manner as my own so I could be recognized as part of that community.
If I want to encounter different weather patterns， I would have to move beyond my city. Where I live now， it is the same temperature all year. I would like to go to a place where there are four seasons so I can experience really cold temperatures. I would like to walk in the snow and perhaps go skiing. I could learn winter sports if I lived in the north.
Now， of course， I live with my parents in their home. It is a one story house built around a courtyard where our family spends a lot of time. If I were to move， I would like to live in an apartment on a very high floor so I could see all around me. I could also meet my neighbors in the elevator and we could get together for coffee in my apartment.
The more I move the more I would experience change. I would meet new people in everyplace I lived; I could move to sample countries with four seasons or even a continent like Antarctica which only has two. Wherever I lived， I would experience living in housing particular to that area. I would then be a citizen of the world， wouldn't I? Could you call me a foreigner if I called everyplace my home?
托福寫作模板:環(huán)境
托福獨(dú)立寫作題目：
Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福寫作模板及參考答案：
托福寫作參考范文：
People have been living on the Earth for thousands of years. Human activity influences the Earth. Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. In my opinion， the earth is being damaged by human activity. There are many statements supporting my opinion.
Human activity has damaged natural environment and almost exausted natural resources. Modern industry needs more and more resources， including minerals， fuels and water. So we confront of the serious problems such as the lack of fuels and water. Ecological balance is damaged because factories occupy many places where animals and plants live. More and more buildings are constructed and forests become less and less. If we cannot recognize these problems and solve them soon， we would finally lose the environment suitable for our living.
An other serious problem is “the green-house effect.” Human activity decreases forests and increases the usage of fuels so that the gas of carbon dioxide is output more and more and there are not enough plants to absorb it. The green-house effect is more obvious and more sensible these years. Due to the effect， icebergs in the south polar and north polar melt and the sea level becomes higher than before. I am worried about the cities nearby the sea and hope scientists find an effective method to eliminate the green-house effect.
Although we have advanced machines and our life seems more comfortable than before， we have less chances to approach natures and less spaces to act. The cities become bigger and if we want to have a picnic with our friends， we have to drive a long distance to find a natural place. In fact， the spaces of human activity are being damaged by the skyscrapers and factories.
From the above statements， we can conclude that human activity brings the Earth many damages. Fortunately people have recognized the point and I believe that the Earth will become a better place to live with our ceaseless efforts.
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃8
托?？谡Z多功能答案：Skill
Playing Music
I feel that Music is miraculous because different kinds of songs which include melody and lyrics will have different effects on audiences.
Some Lyrics of songs are often encouraging some individuals who are confronting some
Embarrassment to strive to their goals while others help people find the courage to face their failures with optimism or rejoin their lives. They will exert themselves and march on after hearing it.
Melodies can help people relax themselves, providing energy for them. Some music has mellifluous melodies which can lessen stress from work and study.
Having that kind of skill just like having magic, I like this kind of feeling.
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃9
能和老外“無障礙交流”的這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)其實(shí)非常模糊，如果我們用托?？谡Z考試的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量，許多自認(rèn)為可以和老外“無障礙溝通”的同學(xué)，是拿不到單科≥23分成績的(托?？谡Z單科滿分30，中國考生此項(xiàng)均分18分)。
托?？谡Z|能和外國人“無障礙交流”，口語一定能拿高分嗎?
口語的提高，個(gè)人認(rèn)為分為兩個(gè)部分:1. 表達(dá)自然性的提高2.交流能力的提高。表達(dá)自然性的意思是語音語調(diào)等看似基礎(chǔ)，但對我們?nèi)蘸蟊磉_(dá)的自信，流暢表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力，溝通效率等非常重要的必須能力。就好像想要順暢地開高速路，得先通過小路、大路的駕照考試練習(xí)一樣，沒有基礎(chǔ)保障的實(shí)踐，就容易漏洞百出，上陣心慌。
而我認(rèn)為我們很多人，對于“交流能力”的理解是有誤區(qū)的：我們覺得能“聽懂”老外的話并和對方進(jìn)行對話，就代表自己有不錯(cuò)的交流能力了。而事實(shí)上，我相信絕大部分同學(xué)應(yīng)該并不具備和老外像本國人一樣自然、自信、漂亮地進(jìn)行生活日常對話，及對于某些如教育、經(jīng)濟(jì)、哲學(xué)、政治等話題深入溝通、高效交換意見的能力。
換句話說，如果我們用托福口語考試的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量，許多自認(rèn)為可以和老外“無障礙溝通”的同學(xué)，是拿不到單科≥23分成績的(托?？谡Z單科滿分30，中國考生此項(xiàng)均分18分)。
而其實(shí)托?？谡Z的高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(≥27)很簡單：
說的順，幾乎沒有不自然的卡頓、磕巴;
語言沒有很多語法錯(cuò)誤，內(nèi)容表達(dá)效率高一些;
語音語調(diào)整體比較自然，發(fā)音、語調(diào)如果很地道，會(huì)有很不錯(cuò)的分?jǐn)?shù)加成。
口語好的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，自然是仁者見仁智者見智的，但是在我聽了太多那些覺得和老外“溝通無障礙”但卻托福口語分?jǐn)?shù)非常一般的同學(xué)的抱怨，我覺得還是有必要解釋一下“無障礙溝通”和“不錯(cuò)口語水平”之間的區(qū)別。
這里的邏輯不能錯(cuò)：
一個(gè)托?？谡Z≥27分，表達(dá)能力強(qiáng)，交流能力佳，語音語調(diào)地道的人，是可以和老外“無障礙交流”的。
但卻不能說：一個(gè)和老外經(jīng)常說話，感覺可以和他們“無障礙交流”的人，就肯定表達(dá)能力強(qiáng)，交流能力佳，語音語調(diào)地道，且托?？谡Z鐵定≥27分。
能和老外“無障礙交流”的這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)其實(shí)非常模糊，我們換個(gè)角度思考一下，如果有很多老外，把和你說話當(dāng)成練習(xí)中文的機(jī)會(huì)，在你時(shí)間有限又不太想打消對方積極性的情況下，你是不是不會(huì)頻繁指出對方發(fā)音、語法、意思方面的錯(cuò)誤? 同時(shí)，你也不太可能和對方進(jìn)行非常深入話題的討論，因?yàn)橥粨Q意見的交流會(huì)變成你單方面的中文課堂…。
我們在相對更為舒適的Conversation(對話、交流)情境下說英文，往往會(huì)對自己的真實(shí)語言水平有不太直觀的評價(jià)。因?yàn)檎勗拑?nèi)容往往重復(fù)性高、語言簡單，同時(shí)也沒有規(guī)定時(shí)間讓你必須準(zhǔn)確、自然地說清楚你的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)這種比較嚴(yán)苛要求的束縛，“無障礙交流”事實(shí)上對于很多人都是觸手可得的。
而考試的分?jǐn)?shù)取決于整體，根植于細(xì)節(jié)。整體的流暢性，如果沒有正確的發(fā)音、語法、表達(dá)積累的輔助，也無從談起。
所以，我們應(yīng)該怎么做?
我列出在我看來一天之中可以被利用起來的“垃圾”時(shí)間段:
- 早晨醒來沒有立刻起身洗漱習(xí)慣，先看一會(huì)手機(jī)的時(shí)間
- 洗漱、上廁所的時(shí)間
- 上、下學(xué)/班路上坐公車或者坐地鐵或者開車的時(shí)間
- 上學(xué)、上班期間，學(xué)習(xí)或者工作間隙的時(shí)間
- 吃午飯&晚飯的時(shí)間
- 吃完飯后的放松時(shí)間
- 睡前的一段無法立即入睡，看手機(jī)的時(shí)間
我們可以計(jì)算一下，回憶一下你近期起床、洗漱、通勤、吃飯、洗澡和睡覺的每日狀態(tài)，計(jì)算一下自己的每日“垃圾”時(shí)間時(shí)長，一般都會(huì)≥3h，事實(shí)上，可能你也會(huì)比較驚訝于你每天“浪費(fèi)”掉的時(shí)間竟然如此多。對于學(xué)習(xí)而言，其實(shí)只需要利用其中的一小部分，長此以往便可以取得不錯(cuò)的效果。
連時(shí)間都不愿付出就想收獲成長，念念不忘，也無回響 …
托福獨(dú)立口語機(jī)經(jīng)思路解讀
口語第一題：
NO.1
Your friend is considering a new pet, what kind of animal would you suggest?
思路:
Dog
1. man’s best friend
解釋 everyone likes dogs, accompany us everywhere
例子 my dog T-mall is 5 years old now and he sleeps on my bed every night.
2.smart, keep strangers away
解釋 dogs can smell strangers, and they can bark very loudly to scare them away
例子my neighbor’s dog even help to catch a thief last summer.
NO.2
The university acts as a venue for 3 kinds of students activities: Concerts performed by students, Drama acted out by theater students, Lectures given by a well-know professor. Which would you choose?
思路:
Drama
1.i love drama
解釋 I am a big fan of drama and I dreamed to be an actress since I was a little girl
例子 when I am watching a drama, I can totally enjoy myself and forget about anything else. Relax. Release pressure.
2.concerts are loud.
Too many people and too much music give me headache.
3.lectures are so boring that I would fall asleep.
NO.3
University students are facing many challenges with their studies, what do you think is the most difficult challenge?
思路:
Balance study and entertainment
1.busy
解釋:lots of assignments to accomplish: papers, reports, presentations…
例子:my sister has no time to play with me, even during weekends. She’s busy with a lot of things such as:
2.pressure
解釋 even if students manage to have some free time, they would not be able to enjoy them, because they are so stressed out all the time.
例子 my teacher wants me to make progress, my parents want me to find a good job after graduation, let alone the peer pressure.
NO.4
這一百年有很多發(fā)明，哪一個(gè)對你生活改變最大?
思路:
Two effects
1.make communication easier
解釋in the past, send pigeons, write letters, it could take days or even weeks,but now, communication can be simultaneous
例子 chat online through apps such as…
Emails
2.entertain
解釋now, people are under pressure from work, study
例子through the internet, they can play games, watch movies, listen to music
NO.5
學(xué)校里喜歡做什么活動(dòng)?
思路:
Gym
1.healthy
解釋 nowadays, people are doing less exercise and eating less healthier diet. That explains why they are suffering from all sorts of diseases ranging from diabetes to heart attack.
例子my brother was weak before, but after running on the treadmill in the gym 2 hours per day for 2 months, he’s getting much better shape.
2.make friend/enlarge social network
解釋more chances to meet people. Communicate. Common interests,
例子my brother met his best buddy Mark in the gym. They not only work out together, but also play games, going to dinners even watching movies together,
NO.6
上過的兩個(gè)學(xué)校，解釋兩個(gè)學(xué)校的區(qū)別。
思路:primary school and high school
1. the environment is different.
解釋 小學(xué)smaller than 高中.
小學(xué)no garden, 高中：big garden， flowers and trees, beautiful, fresh air.
2.teachers are different,
解釋 小學(xué) nice and kind， never blame us
高中 strict.
例子：once I was late for the math class, my head teacher called my parents immediately
NO.7
Why organizing time is challenging for students and why it is important?
思路:
1.challenging because students are so busy.
解釋pressure from study. if I want to go to a better college, I have to study harder and harder
例子 homework, extra online courses, exams
2.important because time is limited and precious
解釋：we should make full use of it so that we can learn more, we can do more things with the limited time.
例子：if I organized my time properly, I can use the saved time to do other more meaningful things such as:…
No.8
Talk about an important decision that you have made. Explain in detail why this decision was important to you.
思路:
Get my driver’s license
1. convenient
解釋 fast ,save time, get things done more efficiently
例子drive myself to school.
30 minutes faster than taking the bus
2.I love cars
解釋 get to know more about the things I am interested in since I was a child.
例子 I was crazy about automobiles. Read magazines, watch TV programs
NO.9
Which one of the following would you like to do on the weekend: stay with your family, go to the gym, or watch TV?
思路:
Gym
1.healthy
解釋 nowadays, people are doing less exercise and eating less healthier diet. That explains why they are suffering from all sorts of diseases ranging from diabetes to heart attack.
例子my brother was weak before, but after running on the treadmill in the gym 2 hours per day for 2 months, he’s getting much better shape.
2.make friend/enlarge social network
解釋more chances to meet people. Communicate. Common interests,
例子my brother met his best buddy Mark in the gym. They not only work out together, but also play games, going to dinners even watching movies together,
NO.10
If your friend is dropping out of the college, would you consider it a good thing?
思路:
Good
1.save money
解釋college tuition is expensive nowadays, plus the living expense.
Huge financial burden for the family.
Use the money to do other things, such as…
例子 if i drop out, I would start my own company…
2.save time
解釋4 years of college, we might complete nothing, but if we do sth else, that’s a different story.
例子if I drop out, I would use the time to work. Get experience.
NO.11
大學(xué)收到一大筆錢，問你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該花在哪里來改善學(xué)生的生活：技術(shù) 運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)施，研究
思路:(答案參考no.9)
運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)施
1.healthy
解釋
例子
2.make friends
解釋
例子
NO.12
Which of the following Art classes would you be more interested in taking? Wood Sculpture, Painting or Photography?
三選一，可以學(xué)一樣art，選哪樣? wood sculpture; painting; 攝影;
思路:
Photography
1.preserve memory
解釋capture the most precious moment in our lives
例子my mother still kept the photo of my 3-year-old birthday
2.I love taking photos
解釋 get to know more about the things I am interested in since I was a child.
例子 I was crazy about photography. Read magazines, watch TV programs about it.
NO.13
你有個(gè)哥們要面試了，他問你要ADVICE啊，你覺得他怎么樣才能成功哇?
思路:
1.be confident
解釋 leave a good impression to the interviewer
If he does not trust himself, he is destined to lose
例子last time when I was in a interview, I was so nervous that I thought myself unqualified for the job, and I failed.
2.ask sb with experience for help
解釋save him time, give him tips, encouragement
例子 he can ask his father for some instructions
NO.14
你認(rèn)為哪個(gè)時(shí)期是最困難的：童年時(shí)期，青少年時(shí)期，成年時(shí)期?Which period do you think is most difficult: childhood, teenager or adulthood?
思路:
Teenage time
1.pressure from study
解釋 if I want to go to a better college, I have to study harder and harder
例子 homework, extra online courses, exams
2.stress from peers
解釋trying to be better, to stand out, struggle for identity
例子everybody is working their best to catch up with one another.
NO.15
Describe your first time to go to school when you were young, you like it or not. 思路:
6 years old, and I like it
1.new faces
解釋 curious about everyone. The teachers, classmates…
例子 I met 3 new friends in a single day: Mike, Marry and Ben.
2.knowledge
解釋first step to get to now the world
例子 1+1=2, recognize some Chinese pinyin …
NO.16
你住的國家面臨的問題... 翻譯的不知道對不對
思路:
Air pollution
1.too many private cars
解釋 gas emission. CO2, SO2… harmful
例子 we should encourage people to take more public transportation
2.cutting down trees
解釋trees absorb CO2 and release O2 to fresh the air, but humans are cutting them down.
例子we should plant trees instead of consuming them
NO.17
描述一個(gè)你喜歡與之聊天的人。
Describe a person whom you would like to talk with often (this person could be one of your close friends, family members or teachers). Explain why you would like to talk with this person and what you would talk about?
思路:
My father
1.helpful
解釋willing to listen and good at finding solutions
例子I was assigned to write a paper about photography, but I knew nothing about it.
After I talked with my father, he calmed me down and introduced me some useful books to get to know the subject
2.humorous
解釋talking with him is simply fun
例子one time, I lost my favorite book, and I almost cried, but my father saved me by telling all sorts of jokes and making funny faces.
NO.18
What are some important effects of the worldwide availability of Internet on modern people's lives? Use specific details and examples to support your response.
思路:
Two effects
1.make communication easier
解釋in the past, send pigeons, write letters, it could take days or even weeks,but now, communication can be simultaneous
例子 chat online through apps such as…
Emails
2.entertain
解釋now, people are under pressure from work, study
例子through the internet, they can play games, watch movies, listen to music
托福獨(dú)立口語機(jī)經(jīng)思路解讀
口語第二題：
NO.1
People often watch movies and TV with families and friends, some prefer to keep quiet until the end while others prefer to discuss while watching, which do you prefer?
思路:
Keep quiet
1.exercise our brain,
解釋 if we discuss once we meet any problem, we would miss the time to figure it out by ourselves. Maybe, as the movies or shows go on, we would understand gradually.
例子：last time, I went to a movie with my friends, and I didn’t ask them anything when I have some doubts, instead, I solve the puzzle myself quietly, and I felt proud.
2.respect others.
解釋 if we discuss, it could affect other people’s experience.
例子 last time I went to a movie, my friends were discussing, and I couldn’t help listening. Guess what, I missed the most important part of the movie!
NO.2
Do you agree or disagree with the statement that it's more enjoyable to read fictional literature than those of non-fiction.
思路:
Yes
1. it’s exciting when it’s not real
解釋 real things could be plain and boring, that’s why there’s fiction, fiction exaggerates the reality and gives the readers better experience.
例子when I read some fiction literature, I would cry even when I know it’s impossible to happen because it got me thinking about my life.
2.getaway with reality is exactly what we need today
解釋now, people are under pressure from study, work and life
例子when I read fictional literature, I can let go all the burdens and focus on sth that makes me feel far away from the real world.
NO.3
有人覺得在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)很重要，有人覺得不重要，你覺得呢?
思路:
No
1. expensive
解釋college tuition is expensive nowadays, plus the living expense.
Huge financial burden for the family.
Use the money to do other things, such as…
例子 if i drop out, I would start my own company…
2.save time
解釋4 years of college, we might complete nothing, but if we do sth else, that’s a different story.
例子if I drop out, I would use the time to work. Get experience.
NO.4
Do you like to study alone or with others?
思路:
With others
1.help each other
解釋during study, we would encounter all sorts of problems which we might not be able to solve by ourselves, that’s when we need more brains, and even if we could, with extra help, we will work it out sooner
例子i usually join group discussions after class, guess what, I never have to stay up late to finish my homework
2.motivation
解釋 peer pressure
例子 when I study by myself, I could easily be distracted. TV, phone or games
NO.5
Do you agree or disagree with the statement that it's important for students to study Art and Music in school. Explain your answer in details.
思路:
Yes
1.art and music enable us to see the world from a different angle
解釋artists and musicians use their unique way to capture the most beautiful or precious moment in our lives.
例子when I listened the Moonlight by Beethoven, I could almost feel myself in the situation. That’s the magic of music, same goes to art.
2.art and music help us relax
解釋now, people are under pressure from study, work and life
例子when I am in my art class, I can let go all the burdens and focus on sth that makes me feel free.
NO.6
Do you agree or disagree that children should learn to draw or paint
思路:答案同第二題
Yes
1.art and music enable us to see the world from a different angle
解釋artists and musicians use their unique way to capture the most beautiful or precious moment in our lives.
例子when I listened the Moonlight by Beethoven, I could almost feel myself in the situation. That’s the magic of music, same goes to art.
2.art and music help us relax
解釋now, people are under pressure from study, work and life
例子when I am in my art class, I can let go all the burdens and focus on sth that makes me feel free.
NO.7
Do you agree or disagree that assignments handed in after the deadline should receive a lower score?
思路:
Yes
1.fair to others
解釋rules must be consistent and apply indiscriminately to all. Even if you finish better than others, the fact you hand it in late justifies that you deserve a lower score.
例子last time when similar situation happened in my class, where my teacher did not handle properly, we felt disappointed.
2.set up an example for all
解釋this is as punishment to warn you and the others not to be late again.
例子my sister’s class has this strict rule, no wonder she’s being extra careful to punctuality
NO.8
有的大學(xué)強(qiáng)制上外語課，有的強(qiáng)制上計(jì)算機(jī)課。你認(rèn)為哪個(gè)更重要?
思路:computer science， we should learn more about computer because it has brought so many advantages to us
思路:
1.make communication easier
解釋in the past, send pigeons, write letters, it could take days or even weeks,but now, communication can be simultaneous
例子 chat online through apps such as…
Emails
2.entertain
解釋now, people are under pressure from work, study
例子through the internet, they can play games, watch movies, listen to music
NO.9
選擇participate in activities alone or with a team or group.
答案同第4題
NO.10
你同意富人應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助窮人這種觀點(diǎn)嗎?Do you agree that wealthy people should be required to help poor people?
思路:
Diagree
1.wealthy people earn money by themselves, they should have the right to decide where to spend.
解釋it is unfair to require them to do sth against their own will
例子even though now this is no constitution requiring the rich to help the poor, they are actually and surprisingly doing it! Making it mandatory might change the game.
2.the poor should learn to stand up by themselves not others giving,
解釋an old saying goes like this:give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. teach a man to fish and you feed him a lifetime.
NO.11
Some people think students should study in classroom. While others believe that they should visit museum and zoo to study. Which one do you like?
思路:
Museum and zoo
1.learn knowledge in practice.
解釋 easy to understand and memorize
例子when I was in 5th grade, my biology teacher took us to the zoo to learn about animal behavior.
That was a class where I could see, touch, ask and discuss. I could still remember everything I learned at that time.
2.interesting experience
解釋going out of the class room, the atmosphere changed. You might feel like talking more or talking to someone you do not feel like talking to before.
例子I found myself to be a completely different person outside the classroom and they adored me.
NO.12
Some students prefer to study in a library. Others prefer to study at home or in dormitories. Which way do you prefer and why? Include reasons and details in your response.
思路:
library
1.good environment
解釋 quiet, study atmosphere
例子when I study in the school library, I could feel the pressure to concentrate, because all the students around me are burying their heads into the books and the only noise I could hear is their breath
2.all sorts of books
解釋when we study, we would encounter all sorts of problems. The solutions might lie in one of those books on the shelves
例子when I need to solve some puzzles in my study, going to the library would be my first option, because our teachers or classmates could be busy, but the books are always there waiting for me to unfold.
NO.13
你同意參與課堂討論能使學(xué)生學(xué)到更多這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)嗎?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Participating in class discussions makes students learn more. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
思路： yes
1.understand knowledge better
解釋If the students can not understand what the teacher is talking about during the class，It's necessary for them to stop right there to exchange ideas with others. Either their classmates might have the same problem, so they can solve it together. Or, they can provide the answers.
2.The student can improve their communication skills during the process
解釋Communication is important.
Understanding is one thing, Being understood is another.
class discussions create more opportunities for students to practice how to get along with others and how to express their ideas more efficiently.
NO.14
Some students prefer to go to universities or colleges in their hometown. Others prefer to go to universities or colleges in new cities or towns. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
思路： new place
1. Learn to be independent.
解釋everyone would need to take care of himself at certain points of life, which makes independent skills necessary and important.
例子 go to college in new cities
Need to learn to clean the room, do the laundry, and even cook
2.New place ,new experience
解釋 Meet different people, understand different culture
例子 I studied in Beijing,
Met my best friend Sarah
Know more about Beijing's tradition
NO.15
Do you think that people will read fewer books in the future than they do today? Give details and examples to support your response. Begin your response after the beep.
思路：agree
1.Instant information filled with people's lives.
解釋Gradually people are losing the capability to process long and complicated information like what's in the books.
例子My cousin is chatting with friends through wechat every other minute, or checking the news Seventeen times a day.
2. People would have no time to read books
解釋More work, more pressure, less time.
NO.16
If you have time, would you choose to learn to play a new musical instrument or learn to play a new sport?
思路:答案同上
New sport
1.healthy
解釋
例子
2.make friend
解釋
例子
NO.17
高中畢業(yè)后,有些選擇直接進(jìn)入大學(xué)深造,有些要take a break, 你會(huì)選擇哪個(gè), 陳述理由
思路:
Take a break
1.do things I want to do
解釋 high schools are so busy. We lose ourselves in it. When it is over, we finally have some “me” time, we should take it.
例子 when my father graduated from high school, he took a year off to travel around China, he said that was the smartest decision in his life other than marrying my mother and having me.
2.prepare ourselves for college
解釋college is like a small society that needs us to be fully prepared if we want to survive let alone thrive.
例子If I manage to have this gap year, I would find a part time job to gain experience, meet new friends to expand my social network, and read enough books or take enough online courses to figure out my interests.
NO.18
你是否覺得it is important to study the hist0ry from ancestors
思路:
Yes
1.remember where we came from
解釋history is sth that tells us how we become who we are now, it is precious experience that makes what we are today.
例子if we do not know who our parents or grandparents are, where our home is, which country we belong to, we would have difficulties identifying ourselves, in other words, we could feel lost.
2.history are lessons we need to learn
解釋we learn from both the good things and mistakes in the past.
例子if it were not the history that tells us war is disaster for humans, we would not go this far today to seek for peace.
托?？谡Z|能和外國人“無障礙交流”，口語一定能拿高分嗎
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃10
雅思的英文名為IELTS ( International English Language Testing System)
IELTS國際英語水平測試由英國劍橋大學(xué)測試中心(The University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicat - UCLES)、澳大利亞高校國際開發(fā)署(IDP Education Australia)及英國文化委員會(huì)(The British Council)共同舉辦。1990年4月在中國推廣。全球已有210個(gè)考試中心，遍布105個(gè)城市。為準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)入以英語為主導(dǎo)教學(xué)語言的大學(xué)和學(xué)院進(jìn)修的學(xué)生或以英語為母語的國家(指英聯(lián)邦國家)移民人士測試英語水平而設(shè)。
英國、澳大利亞、新西蘭、加拿大、荷蘭、英格蘭、蘇格蘭、新加坡、美國(200所院校)以及許多國家的眾多院校均采用并認(rèn)可雅思成績。澳洲7月1日起留學(xué)全部遞交雅思，不使用托福成績。加拿大、澳大利亞、新西蘭等國家的移民局均將考試成績作為技術(shù)及其他類移民中衡量英語語言能力的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。以上國家的學(xué)校和進(jìn)修項(xiàng)目及許多國家院校都接受考試成績，并設(shè)立不同的成績合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃11
托福口語多功能答案：Innovation
Since the invention of TV, human history has started a new page. First, TV allows people to learn about what's going on in the world. With such information, they are able to get a better understanding of the world they live in. What's more, TV provides a lot of interesting programs that many people enjoy after a long day's work. Its visual effect makes people feel less stressed and more relaxed. Most important of all, Television has a great influence on the way people think and talk. TV program brought people together by offering them shared experiences and information about the events around the world. People repeated things they heard on the TV-some phrases and speech patterns heard in songs and radio programs begin to be used by people all over the world.
托?？谡Z興趣愛好類模板
(1)學(xué)科/比賽/興趣愛好/休閑方式
Although there are many kinds of subjects, my priority is PE lesson.
The reasons why I am so fascinated with PE lesson can be best summarized as the followings. It is quite convincing to say that the most significant reason consists in the fact that it can keep you as fit as a fiddle. From my own perspective, I think health is the most important aspect to our life. By doing some exercises in PE lesson, we can not only relax from our heavy study pressure, but also we can have a perfect figure. What’s more, when we are talking about PE lessons, it is impossible not to mention the spirit of “persistence” which we can learn from the games in PE lesson. You know, when we are playing football, everyone tries their best. The truth is that as long as we persist, we will finally win the game no matter how tough it is.
(2)歌曲或音樂
Have you ever given any thought to what is your favorite song? I sure did. People’s answer might differ greatly from one or another. Mine, however, is hero. I’d like to recommend this song to everyone.
At the very beginning, I’d like to mention the most curious reason why I am so attracted by this song. You know, it tells us a story about confidence and courage. Whenever I am down, I always listen to this song and it will immediately cheer me up. What’s more, I love this kind of music style. I prefer some songs with slow and emotional rhythms because when I am listening, I can think and appreciate the real meaning of the song. Personally, I can’t bear those rock and roll songs. I think they are too noisy. Therefore I will recommend this song to everyone.
托福口語模板：去哪里購物
托?？谡Z題目：Many people choose to go to specific shops to buy specific products, such as only buying bread in bakery, only purchasing vegetables in vegetable market; while some people prefer to have one-stop shopping, buying all the things in one big supermarket. Which one is your habit and why? Give specific explanation in your response. 許多人喜歡到專門的店購買商品，如去面包房買面包，去菜市場買菜;而另一些人喜歡一站式購物，在大型超市購買所有的東西。你的習(xí)慣是哪個(gè)，為什么?用具體的事例說明。
郝新宇老師的Sample response:
Personally, I definitely prefer the one-stop shopping in one big supermarket, the main reason is time-saving and convenient. In a big supermarket, usually within halfan hour or forty minutes, I may buy everything I need for several days, such as pizza, bread, fruit and so on, very convenient! However, if buying specific items in specific shops, maybe in the east second ring road I buy my desired bread, in the east third ring road I buy fruits, in the western part of the city I buy fish, seafood and so on, the whole purchasing process might occupy my whole afternoon, which is really inconvenient.
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃12
1Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope or pronghorn.
美洲羚羊 或稱叉角羚是該動(dòng)物典型的草原動(dòng)物。
2Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
1986年看見哈雷彗星的千百萬人當(dāng)中 有多少人能夠長壽到足以目睹它在二十一世紀(jì)的回歸呢?
3Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness andsurprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
人類學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn) 恐懼、快樂、悲傷和驚奇都會(huì)形之于色 這在全人類是共通的。
4Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
由于苯酚對人體帶有刺激性作用它基本上已不再被當(dāng)作常用的防腐劑。
5In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
任何盈利組織若要生存 最終都必須生產(chǎn)處消費(fèi)者可用或需要的產(chǎn)品。
6The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
一個(gè)地方的人口越多 其對水、交通和垃圾處理的需求就會(huì)越大。
7It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery that vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
簡明、直接、有力的寫作難于花哨、含混而意義模糊的表達(dá)。
8With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
隨著現(xiàn)代辦公室的日益自動(dòng)化設(shè)計(jì)師們正試圖利用較為溫暖而不太嚴(yán)肅的內(nèi)部裝飾來使其具有親切感。
9The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
誹謗和流言的區(qū)別在于前者是書面的 而后者是口頭的。
10The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
膝蓋是大腿骨和小腿脛的連接處。
11Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
酸是一種化合物 它在溶于水時(shí)具有強(qiáng)烈的氣味和對金屬的腐蝕性 并且能夠使某些藍(lán)色植物染料變紅。
12Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
Billie Holiday‘s作為一個(gè)爵士布魯斯樂杰出歌手的名聲建立在能夠賦予歌曲感情深度的能力。
13Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
理論在本質(zhì)上是對認(rèn)識了的現(xiàn)實(shí)的一種抽象和符號化的表達(dá)。
14Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
兒童在能說或能聽懂語言之前 很久就會(huì)通過面部表情和靠發(fā)出噪聲來與人交流了。
15Thanks to modern irrigation,crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
受當(dāng)代灌溉(技術(shù)設(shè)施)之賜 農(nóng)作物在原來只有仙人掌和蕎屬科植物才能生存的地方旺盛地生長。
16The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
機(jī)械計(jì)時(shí)器的發(fā)展促使人們尋求更精確的日晷一邊校準(zhǔn)機(jī)械計(jì)時(shí)器。
17Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
人類學(xué)是一門科學(xué) 因?yàn)槿祟悓W(xué)家采用一整套強(qiáng)有力的方法和技術(shù)來記錄觀測結(jié)果 而這樣記錄下來的觀測結(jié)果是供他人核查的。
18Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
真菌在腐化過程中十分重要 而腐化過程將化學(xué)物質(zhì)回饋與土壤 提高其肥力 并分解動(dòng)物糞便。
19When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
音叉被敲擊時(shí) 產(chǎn)生幾乎純質(zhì)的音調(diào) 其音量經(jīng)久不衰。
20Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
雖然美洲山河桃樹最集中于美國的東南部 但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利諾州也能看見它們。
21Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others isoften called scape-goating.
用怪罪別人的辦法來解決問題通常被稱為尋找替罪羊。
22The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
一個(gè)國家的主要食物是什么 大體取決于什么作物再起天氣和土壤條件下生長得最好。
23Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’soccurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
在大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)中 某一事件發(fā)生的幾率等于它不發(fā)生的幾率。
24Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
大多數(shù)物質(zhì)遇冷收縮所以它們的密度在固態(tài)時(shí)高于液態(tài)。
25The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
大腦細(xì)胞儲(chǔ)存記憶的機(jī)理并不為人明白。
26By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.
到了二十一世紀(jì)中葉 美國畫家和雕塑家開始在世界范圍內(nèi)對藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生重大影響。
27In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
伊麗莎白市 一個(gè)重要的航運(yùn)和制造業(yè)中心 坐落于新澤西州的東部。
28Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.
Elizabeth Blackwell 美國第一個(gè)女醫(yī)生 創(chuàng)建了員工一直為女性紐約診所。
29Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.
Alexander Graham Bell曾告訴家人 他更愿意讓后人記住他是聾子的老師 而非電話的發(fā)明者。
30Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.
采摘下的迷迭香樹葉常綠不衰 因此人們把迷迭香樹與懷念聯(lián)系在一起。
31Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
骨頭看起來是脆硬的 但它也有一定的彈性 使得骨骼能夠承受相應(yīng)的打擊。
32That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
科學(xué)家曾相信：氙氣是不能形成化合物的。
33Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.
對風(fēng)暴動(dòng)力學(xué)的研究是為了提高風(fēng)暴預(yù)測從而減少損失 避免人員傷亡。
34The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.
消除通貨膨脹應(yīng)確保還貸的錢應(yīng)與所貸款的價(jià)值相同。
35Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
未來主義 二十世紀(jì)早期的一個(gè)藝術(shù)思潮 拒絕一切傳統(tǒng) 試圖通過強(qiáng)調(diào)機(jī)械和動(dòng)態(tài)來美化生活。
36One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.
Everglades是美國境內(nèi)最為荒涼和人跡罕至的地區(qū)之一 此處有大量的野生動(dòng)植物而且大多受(法律)保護(hù)。
37Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.
lucretia Mott’s的影響巨大 所以一些權(quán)威部門認(rèn)定她為美國女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的創(chuàng)始人。
38The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
國際市場研究者的活動(dòng)范圍常常較國內(nèi)市場研究者廣闊。
39The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
大陸分水嶺是指北美落基山脈上的一道想象線 該線把大西洋流域和太平洋流域區(qū)分開來。
40Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
對地球引力的研究表明 在不尋常的負(fù)荷之下地殼和地幔會(huì)發(fā)生位移。
41The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.
猶他州制造業(yè)的年產(chǎn)值大于其工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)的總和。
42The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
墻花之所以叫墻花 是因?yàn)槠浯嗳醯闹Ω山?jīng)常要靠墻壁或順石崖生長 以便有所依附。
43It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.
社會(huì)心理學(xué)的主要焦點(diǎn)是人與人之間的交往 而不是他們各自生活中的事件。
44No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
給美國的新移民增加教育設(shè)施比任何社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)都更多的激發(fā)了Elizabeth Williams的熱情。
45Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
典型的鵪鶉都長有短而圓的翅膀 憑此他們可以在受驚時(shí)一躍而起飛離他們的躲藏地。
46According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
根據(jù)人類學(xué)家的說法 直立行走的人的鼻祖面部輪廓與黑猩猩相似額頭前傾眉毛突出。
47Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
直到1866年第一條橫跨大西洋的電纜才完全成功的架通。
48In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.
John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他認(rèn)為是由科學(xué)技術(shù)給社會(huì)帶來的精神貧困。
49Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
父母的教導(dǎo)如果堅(jiān)定 始終如一和理性孩子就有可能充滿自信。
50The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.
北美遠(yuǎn)古的Hopewell人很可能種植了玉米和其他農(nóng)作物 但打獵和采集對他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仍是至關(guān)重要的。
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃13
雅思
雅思考試(IELTS)，外文名International English Language Testing System，由劍橋大學(xué)考試委員會(huì)外語考試部、英國文化協(xié)會(huì)及IDP教育集團(tuán)共同管理，是一種針英語能力，為打算到使用英語的國家學(xué)習(xí)、工作或定居的人們設(shè)置的英語水平考試。
托福
托福是由美國教育測驗(yàn)服務(wù)社(ETS)舉辦的英語能力考試，全名為“檢定非英語為母語者的英語能力考試”，中文音譯為“托?！?。TOEFL有三種，分別是： pbt—paper based test 紙考 677, cbt—computer based test 機(jī)考 300, ibt—internet based test 網(wǎng)考 120, 新托福滿分是120分。TOEFL考試的有效期為兩年，是從考試日期開始計(jì)算的。
雅思與托福的區(qū)別如下：
一、考試時(shí)間不同，發(fā)布成績的時(shí)間也不同?！把潘肌笨荚囋谥袊闹饕鞘?，每月都有，考試成績在2至3周內(nèi)就可獲得; 而“托?！笨荚囈荒曛挥?、5、8、10、月的4次考試，并且需至2至3個(gè)月才出成績，與“雅思”比較，考試次數(shù)少且出成績慢。
二、考試的科目不同“雅思”考試增加了口語測試，而“托?！笨荚噭t沒有口語。除這兩點(diǎn)不同之外，試題難度則無法比較，因?yàn)閮烧叩某鲱}原則是有一定區(qū)別的。有的學(xué)生由于練習(xí)較多，習(xí)慣了“托福”考試成績不準(zhǔn)咨詢，成績單只給考生一份，通過郵局寄出，信封是由考生或考生家長在考前認(rèn)真填寫的，丟失不負(fù)任何責(zé)任。
三、最重要的一點(diǎn)不同是“雅思”強(qiáng)調(diào)考生不死記硬背，而是要求考生靈活地運(yùn)用語言。多與生活實(shí)際聯(lián)系緊密，尤其注重說和寫，主觀題較托福多，形式比較多樣化，故而有不少人把通過“雅思”考試作為衡量英語應(yīng)用能力的主要手段之一。但是也不是說托福不重要，托?？荚嚾匀痪哂锌茖W(xué)、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)奶攸c(diǎn)，它的考試難度較大，對詞匯量的要求也更高，這對于打好學(xué)習(xí)英語的基本功是至關(guān)重要的。
托福與雅思分別針對什么?兩者有何不同?
一定要比的話，托福是美語為主，除了一些專有詞匯和地道美音外，還牽扯到俚語，美國的現(xiàn)代俚語是多且雜的，而且國內(nèi)現(xiàn)在雅思熱，針對托福的材料和補(bǔ)習(xí)班不多，所以技巧和練習(xí)也成為了難度之一;
雅思偏重地道英式英語，但是在國內(nèi)來看，雅思的英語真正基礎(chǔ)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有技巧來得重要，技巧好或者撞到練習(xí)過的題目拿高分還是比托福容易些的。
托福是去北美留學(xué)的英語水平測試。
雅思是去英聯(lián)邦國家留學(xué)或移民的英語水平測試。
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃14
TOEFL(The Test of English as a Foreign Language，簡稱TOEFL)是由美國教育測驗(yàn)服務(wù)社(ETS)舉辦的英語能力考試，全名為“檢定非英語為母語者的英語能力考試”，中文音譯為“托?！?。TOEFL有三種，分別是: pbt-paper based test 紙考 677, cbt-computer based test 機(jī)考 300, ibt-internet based test 網(wǎng)考 120, 新托福滿分是120分。
9月，美國教育考試服務(wù)中心ETS在全球推出了一種全新的綜合英語測試方法，即能夠反映在一流大專院校教學(xué)和校園生活中對語言實(shí)際需求的新托?？荚嚕碩OEFL iBT(Internet Based Test)。 新托福由四部分組成，分別是閱讀(Reading)、聽力(Listening)、口試(Speaking)、寫作(Writing)。每部分滿分30分，整個(gè)試題滿分120分。
雅思(International English Language Testing System，簡稱IELTS，中文名為國際英語語言測試系統(tǒng))是由英國文化協(xié)會(huì)(The British Council，即英國駐華大使館/總領(lǐng)事館文化教育處)、劍橋大學(xué)考試委員會(huì)(CESOL)和澳大利亞教育國際開發(fā)署(IDP Australia)共同舉辦的國際英語水平測試。此項(xiàng)考試是為申請赴英語國家(美國、英國、澳大利亞、加拿大、新西蘭等)留學(xué)、移民的非英語國家學(xué)生而設(shè)，用來評定考生運(yùn)用英語的能力。
雅思考試包括四個(gè)部分，依次為聽力、閱讀、寫作和口語，考試時(shí)間共2小時(shí)45分鐘。每一部分都獨(dú)立評分，四部分得分的平均分作為考生的雅思綜合得分(小數(shù)部分取舍到最近的一分或半分，即如果平均分為6.125分，雅思得分算作6分)。成績單上將列出考生每一部分的得分，同時(shí)給出考生的綜合得分。雅思考試滿分為9分?？荚嚦煽冊诳荚嚭笫畟€(gè)工作日后通知考生。成績有效期為兩年。
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃15
You've got to have faith and courage; the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. In this rapid developing society, if we're easily freaked out by various challenges, then there's no way we can succeed.
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃16
最新托福作文模板
TOEFL班的托福作文模板，100句常用句型按照托福作文結(jié)構(gòu)組合而成。
作文文套一
A or B
Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from my point of view, it is more advisable to chose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for A is that___________________________.就理由進(jìn)行解釋_____________________.For instance,____________________
Another reason can be seen by every one is that____________________________.就理由進(jìn)行解釋___________________For example,____________________
The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_____________________________
Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious. Such as________________.
In a word, ________________________________________________.So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A.
作文文套二
A or B
將原題復(fù)述___________________________________________When faced with the decision of A of B, quite a few would deem that______________________, but others, in contrast, believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless factors which influence -A/-B, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.
The main reason for my propensity fo _________is that___________________
The second reason can be seen by every person that________.
In addition, these reason are also usable when we consider that_________.
There are some disadvantages in____________________另一種觀點(diǎn)的缺點(diǎn)__________.
In a word, _____________重復(fù)觀點(diǎn)句并縮寫理由__________________.Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusi
托福教學(xué)計(jì)劃17
托福聽力素材：30個(gè)美國校園場景
1.東西丟了：lost the key，can’t found the note
2.剃頭：hardly bald, hairstyle change for not covering the eyes, cut curl hair
3.搭車：pick up the third one at the airline, give me a ride to the office
4.穿衣: a jean and T-shirt for interview is casual, clothes is wet before the concert
5.花需要光: put the flower to the window, the bookcase will prevent the sunlight, need the fresh
6.忘了: slip my mind, forgot to give the note to someone
7.圖書館: spend the whole day in the library, make the photocopy at library, meet at the library, return the books to the library, library is a better place to study
8.室友: looking for a roommate, roommate should apologize, roommate is too noisy,
9.吃的:fish can’t be eat, berry is a bush even for a bird, bread is over toasted, vegetables are over cooked, bread may be in the refrigerator,
10.借東西: lend me calculus book(calculator), borrow the money from check, borrow car for shopping
11.天氣：clean up for picnic, cold enough for skating, snowing too much to fly, so hot that we need an air conditioner,
12.作業(yè)能否完成：wait till the last minute, chemistry test without time for reading, fill out the financial aid form without the priority, paper extended to the next week
13.第三者: have done it for me
14.排隊(duì): magazine to kill the time, read the magazine twice, go early for not queue
15.得病看醫(yī)生: need another doctor, it is open till 10 at the health center, take the pill the doctor assigned,
16.沒空幫忙: can’t give you a ride due to the meeting tomorrow morning,
17.鍛煉減肥: lost weight, two blue clothes but one with the large size
18.電影或音樂會(huì): see the concert twice make sense again, sell ticket to you so that you come with me, lectured by some professor is worth watching,
19.還書: return so as not to pay fine, help me return the books,
20.重新考慮以前的決定: reconsider your decision,
21.轉(zhuǎn)讓: movie ticket
22.加入社團(tuán): garden club, find another committee member to replace,
23.認(rèn)不出來: beard, bother is different,
24.住房: find an apartment under 500 dollars, find a larger apartment, live nearer to the campus
25.放松: join a entertainment club for leisure, spend more time outdoors,
26.約會(huì): (appointment), reschedule one of the appointment
27.關(guān)門了(過期了): museum closed, cafeteria closed,
28.照相: film run out, film not processed, film not good
29.同去: come go with me
30.太吵: too noisy, can’t concentrate
托福聽力場景之藝術(shù)場景分析
一、藝術(shù)場景細(xì)分
藝術(shù)類場景的細(xì)分就比較復(fù)雜了。首先，藝術(shù)類可以簡單分為：藝術(shù)家及藝術(shù)形式，藝術(shù)史(art history)，藝術(shù)理論，藝術(shù)保護(hù)(art conservation)這四個(gè)話題。其中，藝術(shù)形式涉及的內(nèi)容就更多了，按目前TPO里的講座來看，具體的藝術(shù)形式可以有：電影、歌劇、詩歌、散文、話劇、建筑、雕塑、繪畫、音樂及樂器、舞蹈等。這個(gè)話題主要是說藝術(shù)家及其風(fēng)格特色;藝術(shù)史著重的是與藝術(shù)有關(guān)的人或事情的發(fā)展，歷史價(jià)值;藝術(shù)理論比較抽象，我們可以這么理解，如果藝術(shù)家和藝術(shù)形式是在講具體的畫，畫中的景，景用的顏色等，那么藝術(shù)理論就是在說，顏色要怎么調(diào)，景色要怎么選…;藝術(shù)保護(hù)類的文章，顧名思義，不僅說具體的藝術(shù)品，還會(huì)討論如何保護(hù)不會(huì)損壞，如何修復(fù)。
二、藝術(shù)場景難度分析
藝術(shù)場景難度起伏比較大，有的時(shí)候會(huì)比較簡單，有的時(shí)候也是噩夢。
詞匯難度
首先，從場景詞匯的角度去說，由于具體的場景可以有非常多的細(xì)分，因此，藝術(shù)類場景的詞匯非常繁雜。
比如，繪畫這個(gè)場景中常出現(xiàn)的詞匯有：brush 畫筆;canvas 帆布、畫布;sketch 素描、描繪;figure人物;gallery 畫廊;pigment 顏料……
文學(xué)類的文章中常出現(xiàn)的詞匯有：chapter 章節(jié);biography 傳紀(jì);fiction 小說;character 人物;tale 故事;plot 情節(jié)……
電影類的文章中常出現(xiàn)的詞匯有：edit 編輯;sciencefiction 科幻;costume 戲服;Narration 旁白……
簡單以上面三個(gè)具體話題為例，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，不同的場景里最常出現(xiàn)的詞匯都不太一樣，因?yàn)檫@些具體的藝術(shù)類型本身區(qū)別也比較大。詞匯的繁雜也就體現(xiàn)在這里，因?yàn)樗囆g(shù)類場景所涉及的具體藝術(shù)形式有很多，且詞匯相互重復(fù)率不高，因此要靈活掌握的單詞數(shù)量也不少。
除了詞匯數(shù)量之外，很多藝術(shù)類詞匯還體現(xiàn)了另外一個(gè)特點(diǎn)：一詞多義，或者說熟詞僻義。
比如說，TPO 1的第1篇講油畫的講座中就出現(xiàn)了N次movement這個(gè)詞，“so, you‘ve probably studies both of these movements, separately, separatemovements, realism and impressionism in some of your art history courses…”, ”thisgives her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move andstand still”這兩個(gè)句子當(dāng)中movement明顯不是同一個(gè)意思，后一句中的movement是常見的“移動(dòng)”的意思，但第一個(gè)句子中的movement的意思，就絕對不是移動(dòng)，根據(jù)上下文，應(yīng)該是類似style的意思。當(dāng)然，后句中still也是熟詞僻義，表示靜止的意思。朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家在研究和跟蹤考試的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)，藝術(shù)類中的一詞多義最多，比如setting, 常見意思為“設(shè)置”，藝術(shù)里表示“背景”，這還算是一個(gè)藝術(shù)場景中比較普遍的詞匯;pattern, 常見意思為“模式”，還有“花紋”的意思;vibrant, 常見意思為“有生命力的”，藝術(shù)講座中還有“明亮”的意思，比如vibrant color; hero, 在藝術(shù)類文章中還可以表示“男主角”。
文章難度
藝術(shù)類文章難度浮動(dòng)大也就體現(xiàn)在這一方面。
一般來說，講藝術(shù)家及藝術(shù)形式的文章是相對比較簡單的，雖然藝術(shù)類的大背景很多同學(xué)不算熟悉，但ETS選擇的藝術(shù)家、藝術(shù)品、藝術(shù)風(fēng)格基本都是比較易于接受和理解的，比較生活化的。比如說，在繪畫類的講座中，有提過梵高，有提過莫奈，有提過很多著名的畫家，他們的風(fēng)格和作品都是普通人可以理解的，但沒有提過畢加索，因?yàn)樗先思业娘L(fēng)格就是沒有固定的風(fēng)格，他的畫很多人看著也不理解，聽了講解也似懂非懂，他的畫體現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容還有社會(huì)的扭曲這樣抽象、深層次的內(nèi)容，他的造詣很高，但很多作品不大眾化。一般來說，藝術(shù)家及藝術(shù)形式類文章不會(huì)找這些如此不大眾化的內(nèi)容，而且，作為語言類考試，雖然會(huì)有講具體藝術(shù)專業(yè)的內(nèi)容，但一般不會(huì)考到。同樣以TPO 1中的第1篇講座為例，文章中有講述具體的某幅油畫是怎么畫的，這樣的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)了3次，“It’s anoutdoor scene, an everyday scene. It’s kind of bleak(畫面蕭條), which you can really see those broad brushstrokes(筆觸很寬)and the blurry lines(線條模糊).”和“Impressionist painters tended to apply paintreally thickly(油彩有的厚), and in big brushstrokes(大筆觸), so the texture of the canvas was rough.”以及“the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins，is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brushstrokes(畫的背景就是以厚厚寬寬的筆觸畫上去的一層油彩), and, it’s all kinds of zigzagging brushstrokes(鋸齒狀筆觸)and lines, kind of chaotic almost when you look atit close. And there are vibrant colors. There’s lots of orange, with littlehints of an electric blue peeking out(點(diǎn)綴著星星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的閃電藍(lán)).” 以上這么多內(nèi)容，說法雖專業(yè)，但一個(gè)字也沒有考到!綜上，講藝術(shù)家及藝術(shù)形式的文章對于詞匯量沒什么大問題的考生來說算是不難的。
藝術(shù)史同樣也是比較容易的，藝術(shù)史當(dāng)中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是歷史，有的時(shí)候會(huì)結(jié)合具體的藝術(shù)家，藝術(shù)風(fēng)格進(jìn)行分析，比如TPO 3的第2篇講座，講電影史的，就有提到兩個(gè)不同的電影制作家，以及各自的風(fēng)格;而有時(shí)，藝術(shù)史就單純的在講歷史事件的發(fā)生或者發(fā)展，比如TPO 8的第2篇講座，講藝術(shù)史的，就是在講女子藝術(shù)學(xué)校的發(fā)展，沒有提到具體的藝術(shù)作品或者藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。只要單詞不是硬傷，這類文章也很好理解。
而講藝術(shù)理論和藝術(shù)保護(hù)的文章，可能就沒前兩種那么簡單了。雖然沒有哪篇藝術(shù)類文章開頭說的是“Listen to part of a lecture in an art theoryclass”，但藝術(shù)理論類的文章確實(shí)不一樣，其中不牽涉到具體的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格、藝術(shù)作品、藝術(shù)家，就是單純在講理論，比如，TPO 27的第4篇講座，就是在講3原色的理論;托福聽力機(jī)經(jīng)中也有出現(xiàn)過考golden ratio黃金分割的理論及其應(yīng)用。這些文章之所以難，原因之一是比較抽象，當(dāng)然，如果本身對于內(nèi)容背景，比如三原色理論或者黃金分割的概念非常清楚的，那聽力理解肯定比較充分。但對于背景知識不是很了解的考生，這樣抽象的文章，就會(huì)聽得似懂非懂，這就好比去聽這樣的一句話“The term cognition refers to mental states likeknowing and believing, and to mental process that we use to arrive at thosestates”, 詞匯都沒問題，翻譯過來的意思是：認(rèn)知這個(gè)術(shù)語指的是心理狀態(tài)，比如知道，或者相信，同樣也指心理過程，通過這些心理過程會(huì)達(dá)到之前說的心理狀態(tài)。且不論英文，中文的意思都比較抽象，不具體，沒例子，所以理解起來肯定會(huì)有困難。在ETS發(fā)布的官方指南(OG)中，對于聽力22分以上的考生是認(rèn)定為水平高的考生，而ETS認(rèn)為高水平的考生具備的聽力能力當(dāng)中就有這么一條：“understand abstract or complex ideas”，因此意思抽象的文章絕非偶然，是肯定會(huì)有的，是ETS安排好的來考察考生聽力能力高低的一項(xiàng)。
當(dāng)然，除了意思抽象之外，藝術(shù)理論類的文章還有一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，同樣也是藝術(shù)保護(hù)類文章的難點(diǎn)：學(xué)科交叉內(nèi)容比較多。在OG中，就有這樣的要求，考生需要“understanddifferent kinds of material on a variety of topics”，這指的就可以是學(xué)科交叉。學(xué)科交叉就是指會(huì)涉及到其他學(xué)科的內(nèi)容，比如TPO 15的第3篇講座，講的是阿基米德重寫稿的保存和恢復(fù)，其中的保存部分就涉及到了物理的內(nèi)容，ultraviolet light, X-ray等這樣的詞匯和概念;同樣剛剛提過的TPO 27的第4篇講3原色的講座，也講到了心理學(xué)(psychology, emotions)，物理學(xué)(spectrum, wave length)。學(xué)科交叉的難點(diǎn)在于對于聽力細(xì)節(jié)把握的要求比較高，容錯(cuò)率比較低，如果有些內(nèi)容沒聽懂，很有可能就不理解學(xué)科間是如何轉(zhuǎn)換的，不理解藝術(shù)類的文章怎么就突然說到物理的光譜、波長，這樣一來，對文章的理解就會(huì)有不到位，畢竟“recognize how pieces of information are connected”也是OG中給出的托福聽力高分要點(diǎn)之一。
三、如何應(yīng)對藝術(shù)類場景難點(diǎn)
如果藝術(shù)類場景詞匯有所欠缺，最好的方式不是買本單詞書去背，而是利用“學(xué)科聽力法”，即不按TPO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…這樣的順序去聽，而是按話題去聽，把藝術(shù)類話題的講座都找出來，短時(shí)間內(nèi)練習(xí)完，那么重要的、常見的單詞肯定會(huì)在數(shù)篇文章中不止一次的聽見，從而加深印象。當(dāng)然，為了應(yīng)對藝術(shù)類文章中的一詞多義或者熟詞僻義，那就需要在對文章理解的過程中不得過且過，抓住每一個(gè)理解不順的細(xì)節(jié)，因?yàn)槿绻袃?nèi)容理解不順，肯定說明它不是你想的那個(gè)意思。對于眼熟，但是意思說不太通的單詞，一定要有耐心去翻字典查一查。
而如果是文章內(nèi)容抽象，或者文章學(xué)科交叉現(xiàn)象多的，不僅需要多聽藝術(shù)類的文章，而且還要多聽其他話題的文章，比如心理學(xué)類型的文章通常都比較抽象，可以多聽多體會(huì)，而藝術(shù)類場景比較容易涉及到另外幾個(gè)場景，比如，考古、物理、心理，也要利用“學(xué)科聽力法”多多練習(xí)。
托福聽力備考之同音詞匯總
Eight - number between 7 and 9, 8
Ate - past tense of eat, 吃的過去式
Bear - a big, hairy animal
Bear - to be able to withstand something
Bare - exposed
Bred - past tense of breed 繁殖的過去式
Bread - a type of food 面包
Be - is 主動(dòng)詞 be
Bee - an insect 蜜蜂
caught - past tense of catch 抓的過去式
cot - a portable bed that folds for storage 輕便小床
Fan - a device for moving air 風(fēng)扇
Fan - short for fanatic 狂熱，愛好者
Groan - noise made in misery 呻吟
Grown - fully mature 長大的
Hart- 雄鹿
Heart - energetic or enthusiastic 心臟
Herd - a group of animals 牧群
Heard - past tense of hear 聽的過去式
I - me, myself 我
Eye - body part we see with 眼睛
Made - past tense of make 做的過去式
Maid - a lady that cleans home or hotels for a living 女傭
No - opposite of yes 不
Know - be aware of something 知道
Roes - plural of roe = an argument 雌鹿的過去式
Rows - plural of row = a row (line, queue) of vegetables planted in a farmer's field, a row of seats in a theatre 行，排
Rows - present tense of row, as in rowing a boat (propelling a boat through the water with a paddle) 劃船的現(xiàn)在式
Rose - a beautiful flower that grows on a thorny stem 玫瑰
Wring - twist 絞，扭
Ring - noise a bell makes 敲鐘，打電話
Scent - smell 氣味
Sent - past tense of send 郵寄的過去式
See - to view something
Sea - large body of salt water
Threw - past tense of throw
Through - finished or completed, also, to give direction (Go through the tunnel)
Tail - cats and dogs have them 尾巴
Tale - a story 故事
There they're their
Week - 7 days
Weak - not strong
Worn - well used 用舊的，疲倦的
Warn - to give notice of potential danger 警告
Wood - what we get from trees
Would - past tense of will
Wore - past tense of wear 穿的過去式
War - what we call it when two countries' armies are fighting
One - a single unit
Won - past tense of win
You'll
Yule- 圣誕季節(jié)
托福聽力地質(zhì)學(xué)中的“巖石”詞匯分類
巖石(rock)一般分為三大類：
(一)火成巖(igneous rock)是指巖漿冷卻后(地殼里噴出的巖漿，或者被融化的現(xiàn)存巖石)，成形的一種巖石。
常見的火成巖有：
花崗巖 granite: a very hard grey rock, often used in building
玄武巖 basalt: a type of black rock produced by volcanoes
黑曜石 obsidian: a type of rock that looks like black glass
浮石 pumice: very light grey rock from a volcano
Granite basalt obsidian pumice
托福TPO真題鏈接：
Dating was used to establish that half of the sandstone in the samples was formed at the same time the granite in the Appalachian Mountains was formed. TPO-1
(二)沉積巖(sedimentary rock)是在地表不太深的地方，將其他巖石的風(fēng)化產(chǎn)物和一些火山噴發(fā)物，經(jīng)過水流或冰川的搬運(yùn)、沉積、成巖作用形成的巖石。
常見的沉積巖有：
煤 coal: a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock
砂石 sandstone: a type of soft yellow or red rock
石灰石 limestone: a type of rock that contains calcium
頁巖 shale: a smooth soft rock which breaks easily into thin flat pieces
石膏 gypsum: a soft white substance
白云石 dolomite: a kind of sedimentary rock
coal sandstone limestone shale gypsum dolomite
托福TPO真題鏈接：
It was formed from sandstone that solidified somewhere between 150 and 300 million years ago. TPO-1
Another difference, very important today for distinguishing between older lake beds and newer ones, is the location of the limestone formations. TPO-9
(三)變質(zhì)巖(metamorphic rock)是指受到地球內(nèi)部力量(溫度、壓力、應(yīng)力的變化、化學(xué)成分等)改造而成的新型巖石。固態(tài)的巖石在地球內(nèi)部的壓力和溫度作用下，發(fā)生物質(zhì)成分的遷移和重結(jié)晶，形成新的礦物組合。
常見的變質(zhì)巖有：
大理石 marble: a type of hard rock that becomes smooth when it is polished
石英石 quartzite: hard metamorphic rock consisting essentially of interlocking quartz crystals
板巖 slate: a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces
片麻巖 gneiss: a laminated rock similar to granite
Marble quartzite slate gneiss
托福TPO真題鏈接：
Then they shipped these plastic casts to workshops all over the empire, where they were replicated in marble or bronze. TPO-18
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