下面是范文網(wǎng)小編整理的上海新東方：四級(jí)寫(xiě)作精解6篇(新東方四級(jí)寫(xiě)作高分范文)，以供參考。

上海新東方：四級(jí)寫(xiě)作精解1

　　寫(xiě)作，偶認(rèn)為這是最容易應(yīng)對(duì)而且也是最容得分的題！

　　只需考前花9秒種，即有可能取得9分(滿分100分制)以上的好成績(jī)。偶當(dāng)時(shí)只是在開(kāi)考前熟記了兩個(gè)比較有難度的經(jīng)典句型，考試時(shí)想辦法在在首句和結(jié)尾處各用了一個(gè)，然后剩余部分，或者自由發(fā)揮，或者寫(xiě)幾段偶喜歡的英文歌詞(注意不是漢語(yǔ)拼音的)，或者寫(xiě)一下李陽(yáng)瘋狂英語(yǔ)里的搞笑句子。

　　你不要懷疑偶的做法，現(xiàn)在偶給大家分析一下此法可行的原因：判卷時(shí)，每個(gè)老師桌子上都會(huì)有一大疊卷子，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)你高考時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)資料，你想，只要是個(gè)人，誰(shuí)會(huì)有耐心仔細(xì)看那么多的英語(yǔ)文章，再加上一般判卷發(fā)生在大夏天，天氣悶熱，心情煩躁，每天關(guān)在小屋里看偶們這些無(wú)聊低級(jí)的文章，不許上網(wǎng)，不許qq，不讓開(kāi)msn，更不可能寫(xiě)博客，好人也會(huì)被折磨瘋的。所以他們判卷時(shí)，一般只看開(kāi)頭和收尾句，再大體看一下字?jǐn)?shù)夠不夠，有的正在談戀愛(ài)的老師，心情比較好，還會(huì)看有沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤的單詞，為了防止這種情況，我提醒大家，我們的目標(biāo)不是寫(xiě)一篇驚世駭俗的文章，而是盡量在三十分種內(nèi)不說(shuō)一句錯(cuò)話，不寫(xiě)一個(gè)錯(cuò)單詞。一句話，我們的目標(biāo)就是——沒(méi)有蛀牙??！再有，寫(xiě)短文時(shí)，最好用黑色鋼筆，而不要用其他顏色的，特別是圓珠筆，另外，千萬(wàn)要注意書(shū)面整齊，據(jù)說(shuō)，判卷老師大都是近世眼，對(duì)于黑色他們更為敏感，更習(xí)慣。書(shū)寫(xiě)也是，越整潔，他看得越清晰，心情就越好，偶們的分也就越高！偶當(dāng)時(shí)做完此題，共用了八分鐘，但是偶的寫(xiě)作成績(jī)卻是八十分(滿分710分制)！ 8：50---9：00試音時(shí)間

　　9：00---9：10播放考場(chǎng)指令，發(fā)放作文考卷

　　9：10取下耳機(jī)，開(kāi)始作文考試

　　9：35發(fā)放含有快速閱讀的試題冊(cè)（但9：40才允許開(kāi)始做）

　　9：40---9：55做快速閱讀

　　9：55---10：00收答題卡一（即作文和快速閱讀）

　　9：55---10：00重新戴上耳機(jī)，試音尋臺(tái)，準(zhǔn)備聽(tīng)力考試

　　10：00開(kāi)始聽(tīng)力考試，電臺(tái)開(kāi)始放音

　　聽(tīng)力結(jié)束后完成剩余考項(xiàng)。

　　11：20全部考試結(jié)束。

　　注釋:

　　1. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分滿分710分=聽(tīng)力248.5＋閱讀248.5＋綜合測(cè)試106.5＋寫(xiě)作106.5。

　　2. 從聽(tīng)力、閱讀部分的換算表可以看出，錯(cuò)前兩分的時(shí)候，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分扣分嚴(yán)重，1分扣10.5分，錯(cuò)到第3分的時(shí)候，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分扣分有所降低-7分，扣到10分以后，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分扣分就更低（3分），可見(jiàn)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分換算目的是把同學(xué)的成績(jī)檔次拉開(kāi)，讓特別優(yōu)秀的同學(xué)脫穎而出，要想總分取得630分以上，必須保證很高的正確率，卷面扣的前幾分在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分的權(quán)重相當(dāng)大。這也就解釋了為什么考630分以上的同學(xué)這么少！據(jù)換算，要考630分，閱讀和聽(tīng)力部分卷面每部分扣分在3分左右。

　　3. 綜合測(cè)試的分?jǐn)?shù)權(quán)重不大，卷面錯(cuò)1分在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分中扣的分也相對(duì)較少，而且完型填空題量大，得分率不高，在考場(chǎng)上建議大家不要把完型填空耗費(fèi)掉太多的時(shí)間，得不償失！

　　4. 當(dāng)你拿到成績(jī)單，上面寫(xiě)著290，那么恭喜你，你的卷面成績(jī)?yōu)?分。如果430+，就算順利通過(guò)啦~

上海新東方：四級(jí)寫(xiě)作精解2

　　大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作部分精解

　　基本句法掌握之后，接下來(lái)就要訓(xùn)練段落寫(xiě)作，這是因?yàn)槎温涫俏恼碌幕窘M成部分，要寫(xiě)出好文章，必須在段落寫(xiě)作上多下功夫。

　　段的基本組成是句子，好的段落應(yīng)該是該段中所有的句子都圍繞著一個(gè)主題展開(kāi)，且句與句之間應(yīng)該是緊密相連，形成統(tǒng)一的整體即unified and coherent。那么怎樣將一個(gè)段落展開(kāi)呢？下面介紹英語(yǔ)中幾種常用的`方法。

(1)時(shí)間順序 按時(shí)間順序?qū)懽骶褪前凑帐挛锇l(fā)展在時(shí)間上的正常順序或先后順序展開(kāi)段落。在講述故事或回憶事件時(shí)，先發(fā)生的先寫(xiě)，后發(fā)生的后寫(xiě)。請(qǐng)看下面的例子：

　　My heart gave a leap when I heard the announcement that our train would soon arrive at its destination-Beijing. Like other passengers, I began to collect my things and put my mug, towel, atlas, apples, and other things into my bag. To the tune of a beautiful song the train pulled into the station and gently stopped by a platform. I walked out of the train and was carried forward by the stream of people into an underground passage and then into a big hall. As I stepped out of the station, I was dazzled by the bright autumn skies of Beijing. Though I had been on the train for more the thirty hours and spent an sleepless night, I didn't feel tired at all, and I believed my days in this glorious city would be as sunny as the skies.

(2)空間順序 按空間順序組織材料通常用于描述一個(gè)地方、事情或人物外貌等。其文章內(nèi)容應(yīng)按照由近及遠(yuǎn)、由遠(yuǎn)及近、自下而上、自上而下、按順時(shí)針?lè)较蚧蚰鏁r(shí)針?lè)较蚺帕?，例如?/p>

　　In the middle of the rectangular-shaped courtyard stood three magnolia trees, all in full bloom. A little girl was hoping among them, now gazing at a bud, now collecting fallen petals. Under one of the trees stood her parents, who, while keeping an eye on her, were examining the snow white blossoms with great interest and admiration. In front of another tree a young couple, fresh and bright as the flowers, were posing for a picture. At the end of the courtyard a group of youngsters had gathered behind an artist painting a flourishing limb, which looked so charming and real that a boy stooped to sniff at a half-open flower. At the opposite end a few elderly men and women stood admiring the leafless flowering trees and the people looking at them.

(3)列舉法 通過(guò)列舉一系列的論據(jù) 對(duì)主題句中的論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行廣泛、全面的陳述或解釋，列舉的順序可按照所列各點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容的相對(duì)重要性

上海新東方：四級(jí)寫(xiě)作精解3

　　1．悼詞的概念

　　悼詞是對(duì)死者表示哀掉的話或文章。它有廣義和狹義之分。廣義的悼詞指向死者表示哀悼、緬懷與敬意的一切形式的悼念性文章，狹義的悼詞專指在追悼大會(huì)上對(duì)死者表示敬意與哀思的宣讀式的專用哀掉的文體

　　2．悼詞的特征

（1）總結(jié)死者生平業(yè)績(jī)并充分肯定其社會(huì)意義和社會(huì)價(jià)值。它是從哀悼的角度來(lái)總結(jié)死者生平事跡，它的字里行間飽含深情，言簡(jiǎn)意賅。

（2）化悲痛為力量的積極的基調(diào)和內(nèi)容?，F(xiàn)代悼詞已經(jīng)排除了感傷主義的、悲觀主義的、虛無(wú)主義的消極內(nèi)容。它回首死者的往事，是為了面向現(xiàn)在，展望將來(lái)。因此，現(xiàn)代的悼詞，除了要感情深切沉痛之外，還須一字一句都充滿力量，激奮人心。

（3）多種多樣的表現(xiàn)手法?，F(xiàn)代的悼詞，按表現(xiàn)手法的不同，可分為三大類：即記敘式、議論式、抒情式。記敘式：就是以記敘死者的生平業(yè)績(jī)?yōu)橹?，并適當(dāng)?shù)亟Y(jié)合抒情或議論。議論式：就是以議論死者對(duì)社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)為主，并適當(dāng)?shù)亟Y(jié)合抒情或敘事。抒情式：是指以抒發(fā)對(duì)死者悼念之情為主，并適當(dāng)穿插敘事或議論

　　3．寫(xiě)悼詞要注意的問(wèn)題

（1）明確寫(xiě)悼詞的目的是主要介紹死者的生平事跡，歌頌死者生前在革命或建設(shè)中的功績(jī)，讓人們從中學(xué)習(xí)死者好的思想作風(fēng)，繼承死者的遺志。但是這種歌頌是嚴(yán)肅的，不夸大，不粉飾，要根據(jù)事實(shí)，作出合理的評(píng)價(jià)。

（2）要化悲痛為力量。有的死者生前為黨為人民做了很多好事，他們的美德會(huì)時(shí)時(shí)觸動(dòng)人們的'心靈，悼詞應(yīng)勉勵(lì)生者節(jié)哀奮進(jìn)。

（3）語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)樸、嚴(yán)肅、概括性強(qiáng)，這也是寫(xiě)悼詞應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題

上海新東方：四級(jí)寫(xiě)作精解4

　　上海新東方學(xué)校四級(jí)詞匯主講教師靳萌

　　本次考試詞匯單選題部分難度與上年基本持平，仍大體沿用以往的題型結(jié)構(gòu)，不設(shè)語(yǔ)法題目，簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞詞組題目3題，固定搭配考察7題，其余為詞匯辨析題目。

　　初看本次考試，似乎沒(méi)有任何突兀的變化，但是通過(guò)對(duì)題目的深入研究，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，詞匯單選題部分的命題套路較往年做了一些耐人尋味的調(diào)整。從這些調(diào)整中，我們可以越來(lái)越明確地看到新四級(jí)的命題思路和考察意圖。（以下具體題目分析以a卷為基礎(chǔ)）

　　同以往的四級(jí)考試相比，本次考試的命題套路變化主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

　　第一，本次考試幾乎沒(méi)有考察形近詞辨析的意圖。以往?？嫉腶dapt-adopt, considerate-considerable，sensitive-sensible之類的形近詞和同根詞辨析一題都沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，這在以往的詞匯單選題考察中是極為罕見(jiàn)的，而更加類似于完形填空的命題套路。

　　第二，本次考試側(cè)重考察近義詞辨析，但是較以往側(cè)重考察近義詞細(xì)微差別不同的是，本次考試在近義詞的用法考察方面頗有力度，而熟悉詞匯用法的考生則將會(huì)在本次考試中占據(jù)不小的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

　　如本次考試63題

　　63 sadly, as spending on private gardens has ____, spending on public parks has generally declined.

　　a lifted b flown c heightened d soared

　　本題中四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，除b項(xiàng)flown (fly)的過(guò)去分詞，其余看似均可用于原文中表示提示“提升”（fly只能表示飛翔或行動(dòng)迅速，不帶有“提高”的含義，因此較容易排除。），若通過(guò)a、c、d三項(xiàng)之間的意思細(xì)微差別來(lái)判斷，似乎難以找到解題的突破口。但是如果考生熟悉三個(gè)詞的用法，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，a項(xiàng)表示“提高、增加”時(shí)為及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)有賓語(yǔ)存在，而c項(xiàng)主要用于表示程度的增強(qiáng)，只有d項(xiàng)soar用于表示數(shù)量的激增是最為合適的。

　　64 it’s good to know that quite a few popular english expressions actually ___ from the bible.

　　a acquire b derive c result d obtain

　　本題中，c項(xiàng)所構(gòu)成的詞組result from表示“由……造成”，而其他三個(gè)詞都可由.…..而得，從詞義的角度去判斷也難以找到突破口，本題的考點(diǎn)derive from (由……衍生出)是一個(gè)超綱詞組，考生如果僅憑所掌握的

　　a involve b participate c specialize d consist

　　本題中四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)是?？几哳l詞，involve 包括、陷入；participate 參與；consist 由……組成。其中尤以a項(xiàng)involve考察頻率最高，該詞更在上一次，即12月的考試中出現(xiàn)并為正確答案。參見(jiàn)題目：

　　67.most laboratory and field studies of human behavior ______taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given place.

　　a)involve b)compose c)enclose d)attach

　　因此，很多考生，甚至包括某些

　　考點(diǎn)跨項(xiàng)目重現(xiàn)也是本次考試詞匯命題的一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)。

　　48 being out of work, jane can no longer ___ friends to dinners and movies as she used to.

　　a treat b appeal c urge d compel

　　本題的正確選項(xiàng)為treat, 這是一個(gè)在詞匯單選題部分不常出現(xiàn)的詞，但是我們?cè)谠~匯部分備考中對(duì)聽(tīng)力短對(duì)話中的慣用詞匯有所涉及，其中所強(qiáng)調(diào)的 “it’s my treat” （“我請(qǐng)客?！?5年6月聽(tīng)力短對(duì)話第5題考點(diǎn)）和“treat sb.”（“款待某人”，6月聽(tīng)力短對(duì)話第1題考點(diǎn)），正式本題正確選項(xiàng)的根據(jù)。

　　本次考試只有兩道題目非常直接地重復(fù)了以往詞匯單選題考點(diǎn)，即44題和65題

　　44 a study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to ___ the habit of smoking.

　　a turn up b pick up c make up d draw up

　　這一題初看時(shí)同學(xué)們非常頭疼的簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞詞組題目，但是如果考生按我們多次強(qiáng)調(diào)的方法集中復(fù)習(xí)以往的四級(jí)詞匯真題，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)1月47題就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，該題目命題方式乃至干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置都與本次的44題十分類似：

　　01－1－47

　　without proper lessons, you could _______ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.

　　a) keep up b) pick up c) draw up d) catch up

　　65 according to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the criminal’s most memorable facial ____.

　　a feature b signature c hint d spot

　　本題正確選項(xiàng)為a，考察名詞固定搭配facial feature, 這一考點(diǎn)曾在6月詞匯單選部分第47題出現(xiàn)：

　　98－6－47

　　a peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial __________.

　　a) mark b) feature c) trace d) appearance

　　第四，命題人對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞詞組的考察熱情依然如故，但是具體考點(diǎn)設(shè)置趨難。歷次四級(jí)詞匯考試必然會(huì)涉及是簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞和介詞副詞搭配組成的詞組的考察，考過(guò)的動(dòng)詞詞組包括do, make, put, take, call, get, come, pull 等等，在05年12月的考試中第48題和64題分別考察了get和take兩詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，但是在本次考試中，51題和55題分別考察的是lay 和hold這兩個(gè)并不常見(jiàn)的簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞，并且在剛才提到的44題中所涉及的四個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞同up的搭配也都并不常見(jiàn)。

　　動(dòng)詞詞組數(shù)量繁多，記憶困難，因此除了依靠平時(shí)積累，還應(yīng)注意應(yīng)用技巧幫助解題。筆者在05年12月四級(jí)詞匯考試中所介紹的技巧，即依靠簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞后的介詞和副詞（我們稱為小品詞）的意味猜測(cè)判斷簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞詞組含義可以幫助考生在很大程度上提高做此類題目的正確率。如果考生能夠在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中注意整理小品詞的意味，則會(huì)事半功倍。

　　由此可見(jiàn)，四級(jí)考試的命題思路和考點(diǎn)設(shè)置有范圍擴(kuò)大化、形式靈活化的趨勢(shì)。我們建議即將參加下次四級(jí)考試的考生注意，新四級(jí)詞匯部分備考，仍應(yīng)以歷年真題為基礎(chǔ)，但與以往考試不同的是，對(duì)考點(diǎn)的掌握要更加全面、徹底。新四級(jí)不再使用詞匯單選題的方式測(cè)試同學(xué)們的詞匯掌握程度，但是這并不意味著原來(lái)詞匯部分的常考點(diǎn)考察將成為昨日黃花。作為整個(gè)考試中詞匯考察的核心內(nèi)容，詞匯單選題部分的考點(diǎn)將會(huì)以更加隱蔽的方式設(shè)置在其他各項(xiàng)，這對(duì)于新四級(jí)的考生是更大的挑戰(zhàn)，需要我們更加慎重地對(duì)待。

上海新東方：四級(jí)寫(xiě)作精解5

　　從句到段：段落的展開(kāi)

　　基本句法掌握之后，接下來(lái)就要訓(xùn)練段落寫(xiě)作，這是因?yàn)槎温涫俏恼碌幕窘M成部分，要寫(xiě)出好文章，必須在段落寫(xiě)作上多下功夫。

　　段的基本組成是句子，好的段落應(yīng)該是該段中所有的句子都圍繞著一個(gè)主題展開(kāi)，且句與句之間應(yīng)該是緊密相連，形成統(tǒng)一的整體即unified and coherent。那么怎樣將一個(gè)段落展開(kāi)呢？下面介紹英語(yǔ)中幾種常用的方法。

(1)時(shí)間順序 按時(shí)間順序?qū)懽骶褪前凑帐挛锇l(fā)展在時(shí)間上的正常順序或先后順序展開(kāi)段落。在講述故事或回憶事件時(shí)，先發(fā)生的先寫(xiě)，后發(fā)生的后寫(xiě)。請(qǐng)看下面的例子：

　　My heart gave a leap when I heard the announcement that our train would soon arrive at its destination-Beijing. Like other passengers, I began to collect my things and put my mug, towel, atlas, apples, and other things into my bag. To the tune of a beautiful song the train pulled into the station and gently stopped by a platform. I walked out of the train and was carried forward by the stream of people into an underground passage and then into a big hall. As I stepped out of the station, I was dazzled by the bright autumn skies of Beijing. Though I had been on the train for more the thirty hours and spent an sleepless night, I didn＇t feel tired at all, and I believed my days in this glorious city would be as sunny as the skies.

(2)空間順序 按空間順序組織材料通常用于描述一個(gè)地方、事情或人物外貌等。其文章內(nèi)容應(yīng)按照由近及遠(yuǎn)、由遠(yuǎn)及近、自下而上、自上而下、按順時(shí)針?lè)较蚧蚰鏁r(shí)針?lè)较蚺帕?，例如?/p>

　　In the middle of the rectangular-shaped courtyard stood three magnolia trees(), all in full bloom. A little girl was hoping among them, now gazing at a bud, now collecting fallen petals. Under one of the trees stood her parents, who, while keeping an eye on her, were examining the snow white blossoms with great interest and admiration. In front of another tree a young couple, fresh and bright as the flowers, were posing for a picture. At the end of the courtyard a group of youngsters had gathered behind an artist painting a flourishing limb, which looked so charming and real that a boy stooped to sniff at a half-open flower. At the opposite end a few elderly men and women stood admiring the leafless flowering trees and the people looking at them.

(3)列舉法 通過(guò)列舉一系列的論據(jù) 對(duì)主題句中的論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行廣泛、全面的陳述或解釋，列舉的順序可按照所列各點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容的相對(duì)重要性、時(shí)間、空間來(lái)排列，例如：

　　The Other Side of City Life

　　In the eyes of many people, city life is attractive with all its advantages and convenience, yet they don＇t see the other side of the picture. First, with the expansion of the city, housing has become a serious problem for city people. Then, there is the problem of pollution: harmful gases from vehicles and poisonous water from factories pollute our surroundings; noise continually disturbs your peace and rest and drives you mad. Thirdly, modern city life puts a high pressure upon people; you have to hurry to and from work; you have to dodge in so as to avoid bumping into the flood of people, bicycles, cars, buses…; all day long you are under great stress. Fourthly, big cities also cause some social problems. Of which high crime rate is the most serious one. People are justifiably in fear of becoming victims of burglary, robbery, murder and other crimes at any time. They should find some ways to cope with all these problems.

(4)舉例法 在主題句中簡(jiǎn)要、概括地說(shuō)明一個(gè)段落的主題思想之后，可以用具體的、生動(dòng)的事例來(lái)支撐論證主題，向目標(biāo)讀者展示并使他們具體感受主題句中尚未展開(kāi)的內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)，例如：

　　This term several useful and interesting courses have been offered. An Introduction to European Culture, for instance, gives us a lot of background knowledge of the history of European philosophy, literature, and arts. From time to time we see slide shows of famous paintings and hear tapes of famous pieces of music, and they make the lectures all the more interesting. American Society and Culture is another course that attracts a large audience. The teacher, who visited the United States not long ago, discusses new trends and changes in American life as well as American history and traditions. We like these and other courses very much, because they help us not only to improve our English but also to broaden our vision.

(5)比較和對(duì)比 比較(comparison)主要是指出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同種類的事物的共同點(diǎn)或相似之處，如人物、地點(diǎn)、事物、思想、觀點(diǎn)等。對(duì)照(contrast)主要是指出它們的不同點(diǎn)。相同的或類似的特征可以組成比較，不同的特征則可以組成對(duì)照。不僅如此，比較和對(duì)比常常同時(shí)使用，這是因?yàn)楸容^中往往隱含著對(duì)比。

　　比較和對(duì)比常有兩種形式，即整體比較和對(duì)比(block comparison and contrast)與逐項(xiàng)比較(alternating comparison)，例如：

　　although Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee were fierce adversaries during the Civil War, their lives, both military and nonmilitary, has a great deal in common. Grant descended from a family whose members participated in the American Revolution. He received his commission of second lieutenant from West Point and served in the Spanish-American War. He was later summoned by President Lincoln to assume command of the Union Forces during the Civil War. After the Civil War, Grant suffered financial problems and was forced to declare bankruptcy. Lee also descended from a family which engaged in the American Revolution. He, too, received his commission from West Point and later fought in Mexico during the Spanish-American War. His fame as a military strategist during the Civil War, when he was the commander of the Confederate armies, is well known. Although it is not always pointed out by historians he, like Grant, had financial difficulties after the civil War and was compelled to declare bankruptcy. By securing a post as president of Washington College, he was able to avoid additional poverty.(整體比較)

　　The same qualities that make people good houseguests make them good hospital patients. Good houseguests can expect a reasonable amount of service and effort on their behalf, and hospital patients can also. Guests have to adjust to what is for them a change, and certainly hospital patients must do the same. No one appreciates a complaining, unpleasant, unappreciative house guest, and the hospital staff is no exception. Hose guests who expect vast changes to be made for their benefit are not popular for long. Certainly nurses and other personnel with their routines feel the same way about patients in their care. Just as house guests must make adjustments to enjoy their visits, so patients must make adjustments to make their stays reasonably pleasant and satisfying under the circumstances.(逐項(xiàng)比較)

(6)原因和結(jié)果 因果分析是常用的拓展段落的方法之一，一定要注意推理的邏輯性因果關(guān)系必須表達(dá)清楚，不能因果混淆，更不能因果倒置，要避免牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)和循環(huán)論證。一個(gè)原因可能造成一個(gè)或多個(gè)結(jié)果，也可能在一大段文章中涉及到一連串因果關(guān)系。一個(gè)結(jié)果也可能由多種原因所引起，通常先寫(xiě)結(jié)果，后寫(xiě)多種原因；但也可先寫(xiě)原因后寫(xiě)結(jié)果。另外，如果喲啊強(qiáng)調(diào)原因或結(jié)果，可用倒裝或強(qiáng)調(diào)句型加以突出。例如：

　　The surge of demand for oil will soon begin to send shock waves through the American economy and transportation system. The impact of these tremors can already be anticipated: to the consumer they signal the end of a long love affair with the car, and to Detroit they offer an early warning that its 1985 growth aims are dangerously unrealistic. Unless we exercise foresight and devise growth-limits policies for the auto industry, events will thrust us into a crisis that will lead to a substantial erosion of domestic oil supply as well as the independence it provides us with, and a level of petroleum imports that could cost as much as $20 to $30 billion per year. Moreover, we would still be depleting our remaining oil reserves at an unacceptable rate, and scrambling for petroleum substitutes, with enormous potential damage to the environment.

(7)定義法 有時(shí)候?yàn)榱吮苊饣煜蛘`解，我們必須對(duì)一個(gè)詞、一條術(shù)語(yǔ)或諺語(yǔ)、一個(gè)概念通過(guò)下定義加以說(shuō)明、解釋。通常有三種方法下定定義：給出同義詞、用一個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句或用一整段文章，而以第三種方法最為常用。1月份四級(jí)考試的作文Practice Makes Perfect就是一篇極為典型的定義型文章。再看下面的例子：

　　a “l(fā)iberated woman” is simply a woman who controls her own life, rather than allowing it to be controlled by other people, traditions, or expectations. A “l(fā)iberated woman” can be found pursuing any line of work, including housework, or no work at all. She may or may not be married; she may or may not have born children. She may belong to any race; she may have attained any age. She need have only one trait in common with her “l(fā)iberated sisters”: she makes her own choices, whether they be the colors on her walls or the advanced degrees she seeks. She acts of her own volition, responsible to herself, and not out of fear of what her mother, lover, or neighbor might say.

(8)分類法 所謂“分類”就是根據(jù)人物和事物的特征將他們/它們分別歸入各自不同的范疇。在寫(xiě)這一類段落時(shí)，一定要抓住各個(gè)類別的典型特征，不要異類相串，混淆起來(lái)。例如：

　　according to Xiao Li, the fifteen students of his class fall into three groups. Seven of them work hard and study well. They always get good marks in examinations and are often praised by the teachers. Li calls them “good students”. The monitor, the secretary of the Youth League branch, and the captain of the class volleyball team, are quick in finding out what their fellow students are interested in or what they should do as a collective. They always organize proper activities at the proper time, so Li calls them “good organizers”. Four other students are very kind to their classmates, always ready to lend them a helping hand. They help to clean the classroom and the corridor even when they are not on duty. Li says that they are “good fellows”. “What about yourself?” someone asks him. “I＇m a group by myself-a good observer.”

　　從段到篇：四種體裁

　　掌握了前面八種段落展開(kāi)的“天龍八部”，在面對(duì)任何級(jí)別的英語(yǔ)考試的作文時(shí)，相信大家都可以從容落筆，應(yīng)付如裕。

　　不過(guò)，大家仍然要謀篇布局，從篇章的角度對(duì)自己要寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容作宏觀的整體上的把握，這就要求大家區(qū)分各種體裁，以采用不同的方法去應(yīng)對(duì)。英語(yǔ)文章的體裁可分為四類，即：

(1)記敘文(narration)

(2)描述文(description)

(3)說(shuō)明文(exposition)

(4)議論文(argumentation)

　　和中文無(wú)異。限于篇幅，在此就不一一舉例詳細(xì)論述，只說(shuō)一下寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)。

　　先說(shuō)記敘文。所謂narration就是敘述一件事或一連串事件，像四級(jí)曾經(jīng)考過(guò)的A Morning Walk(晨間漫步)即是一例。在寫(xiě)這類作文時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：首先，在一開(kāi)始就要設(shè)定時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物，一定要交代清楚；其次，在講述發(fā)生的事件本身時(shí)，要選取一些關(guān)鍵的細(xì)節(jié)，不要漫無(wú)邊際或不著邊際，而組織那些素材一般采用“時(shí)間順序”亦即先發(fā)生的先寫(xiě)，后發(fā)生的后寫(xiě)，或用倒敘法，先講結(jié)局，再?gòu)念^描述經(jīng)過(guò)。另外，要注意人稱、時(shí)代的一致性。

　　再看描述型文章。所謂description就是用文字對(duì)一個(gè)人、一個(gè)地方、一件物體或一個(gè)場(chǎng)景進(jìn)行描繪。在描述自己的印象時(shí)，一定要盡量選取那些有助于表現(xiàn)人物、場(chǎng)景的典型特征和突出特點(diǎn)，剔除那些枝蔓的零碎的細(xì)節(jié)。只有這樣，才能使所描述的內(nèi)容呼之欲出、躍然紙上，具有極大的表現(xiàn)力。

　　再談?wù)務(wù)f明文。這是四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)最為頻繁的體裁，無(wú)論是A or B、A and B，還是Why to do、How to do, 或是圖表型作文，都可歸入此類。如果說(shuō)描述文主要涉及外表和感受，記敘文主要涉及事件和經(jīng)歷，那么說(shuō)明文則主要是關(guān)于過(guò)程和關(guān)系。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)吧，我們面前有一件物體，如果要對(duì)其外觀進(jìn)行描寫(xiě)，我們就要寫(xiě)成描述型的作文，如果要解釋它是如何制作的，又是如何使用的，那就必須寫(xiě)成說(shuō)明文；我們可以講述一個(gè)歷史事件，到底發(fā)生了什么，何時(shí)何地發(fā)生，都有誰(shuí)參與其中，那就是敘述，而要討論該事件的前因后果，它的本質(zhì)又是什么，以及在歷史長(zhǎng)河中的深遠(yuǎn)意義，那就必須寫(xiě)成說(shuō)明文。前面所介紹的展開(kāi)段落的方法，如分類法、定義法、比較和對(duì)比、舉例法等等，大多數(shù)都可用于說(shuō)明文的寫(xiě)作。

　　最后談?wù)勛h論文。說(shuō)明文是一種以闡釋和解說(shuō)為表達(dá)方式，用簡(jiǎn)潔、平實(shí)、通俗的語(yǔ)言，對(duì)事物的、事理的、人物的特性、情況、背景等所作的解釋和介紹的文體，而議論文則是以議論為主要表達(dá)方式，以邏輯思維為主要思維方式，對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的現(xiàn)象和原理說(shuō)長(zhǎng)道短、論是斥非、闡明自己的立場(chǎng)和觀點(diǎn)的一種文體，二者不可相混淆。說(shuō)明是讓人明白，而議論則要令人信服。論點(diǎn)要旗幟鮮明，論據(jù)要充分有力，論證要符合邏輯。就四級(jí)考試而言，真正意義上的議論文并不多見(jiàn)，即便是已經(jīng)考過(guò)的議論文，如幸運(yùn)數(shù)字、英語(yǔ)口試的必要性等，也較易處理，因此不再贅述。

　　需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，在四級(jí)考試中，往往是在同一篇文章中幾種體裁兼而有之，大家不要拘泥于教條，如6月的車(chē)禍見(jiàn)證書(shū)，記述、描寫(xiě)、說(shuō)明三種體裁都有所照顧，目的是要檢測(cè)同學(xué)們對(duì)于不同類型寫(xiě)作的把握，全面地考察寫(xiě)作教學(xué)的水平。

上海新東方：四級(jí)寫(xiě)作精解6

（1）記敘作者表示對(duì)死者十分沉痛的心情；概括地對(duì)死者進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)；交待何年何月何日因何原因，與世長(zhǎng)辭，享年多少歲。

（2）介紹死者生平事跡，主要介紹死者的籍貫、身份、家庭情況，參加工作時(shí)間，一生中所做的工作和對(duì)人民的貢獻(xiàn)。要寫(xiě)得具體、概括、突出重點(diǎn)。

（3）對(duì)死者的評(píng)價(jià)：對(duì)死者一生的為人，對(duì)國(guó)家、對(duì)社會(huì)、對(duì)人的高貴品質(zhì)、思想作風(fēng)進(jìn)行綜合的評(píng)價(jià)。

（4）說(shuō)明×××的死去，是一損失，現(xiàn)在悼念他，是勉勵(lì)到會(huì)同志學(xué)習(xí)他那些高貴品質(zhì)，為國(guó)家，為社會(huì)作貢獻(xiàn)

　　5．悼詞的實(shí)例

　　今天，我們懷著十分沉痛的心情，悼念我們的好經(jīng)理?xiàng)畹赂Ｍ荆?/p>

　　xxxx同志系中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨黨員××公司經(jīng)理，因病多方治療無(wú)效，于一九八四年二月五日晚八時(shí)五十分在縣人民醫(yī)院不幸逝世，終年五十七歲。

　　xxxx同志一九五一年三月參加革命，一九五二年六月參加中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨，歷任百貨公司營(yíng)業(yè)員、采購(gòu)員、會(huì)計(jì)、財(cái)務(wù)股副股長(zhǎng)、百貨公司經(jīng)理等職。在長(zhǎng)期的革命工作中，他大公無(wú)私，熱愛(ài)集體，工作積極，勤勤懇懇，認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，任勞任怨，作風(fēng)平易近人，謙虛謹(jǐn)慎，是黨的好干部。他三十多年如一日地忠于黨和人民的事業(yè)，為黨的財(cái)貿(mào)事業(yè)作了大量的工作，做出一定的貢獻(xiàn)！

　　現(xiàn)在，xxxx同志與世長(zhǎng)辭了，使我們黨失去了一個(gè)好黨員，使我們財(cái)貿(mào)戰(zhàn)線失去了一個(gè)好干部，我們感到無(wú)限悲痛！

　　我們沉痛地悼念楊德福同志，我們要化悲痛為力量，學(xué)同志勇往直前的革命精神和大公無(wú)私的高貴品質(zhì)，在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，為建設(shè)我們偉大的祖國(guó)，為實(shí)現(xiàn)四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化而努力奮斗！xxxx同志安息吧！

上海新東方：四級(jí)寫(xiě)作精解6篇(新東方四級(jí)寫(xiě)作高分范文)相關(guān)文章：