下面是范文網(wǎng)小編整理的英語名詞性從句易混點區(qū)分4篇(名詞性從句分幾種)，以供借鑒。
英語名詞性從句易混點區(qū)分1
英語名詞性從句課件
【考情分析】
名詞性從句是歷年高考的重點和難點也是熱點。名詞性從句相當于名詞，可用作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。引導名詞性從句的連接詞有:連接代詞:who, whose, whom, what, which，有詞義，在從句中擔任成分，如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等;連接副詞:when, where, why, how，有詞義，在從句中擔任成分，作狀語;連接詞:that, whether, if, as if，if (whether), as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔任成分;that 無詞義，在從句中不擔任成分，有時可省略。
今后對名詞性從句的考查仍將集中在關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選用上，特別石堆what引導的名詞性從句的考查。名詞性從句與其他從句的混合考查將在今后高考中占據(jù)一席之地。易混句型的辨析，比如it作形式主語，主語從句后置的句型與強調(diào)句型的辨析將仍作為高考考查的重點。
【知識點歸納】
名詞性從句的用法
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:連詞:that(無任何詞意);whether, if(均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性);as if ,as though(均表示“好像”，“似乎”)。
以上在從句中均不充當任何成分
連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. Whichever, whomever
連接副詞:when, where, how, why
不可省略的連詞:
1. 介詞后的連詞
2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比較:
Whether與if 均為“是否”的意思。 但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代:
1. Whether引導主語從句并在句首;
2. 引導表語從句
3. Whether從句作介詞賓語;
4. 從句后有“or not”
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置于句末，用 it充當形式主語。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
二、具體分類
1.主語從句
作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。
【典例1】(·上海卷)It is immediately clear ____ the financial crisis will soon be over.
A. since ? ? ? B. what ? ? ? ? ?C. when ? ? ? ? D. whether
【答案】D
【解析】考查主語從句的用法。該句的意思時:經(jīng)濟危機是否會很快結(jié)束是很明顯的事情?！笆欠瘛庇脀hether表示，不能選when是因為從句中由soon這一實踐狀語。
【典例2】(·山東卷)_____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
A. It ? ? ? ? B. This ? ? ? ? ? C. What ? ? ? ? ?D. As
【答案】C
【解析】she told me是插入語，可刪除。what引導主語從句，在從句中充當主語。
有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It + be + 名詞 + that從句
(2)It + be + 形容詞 + that從句
(3)It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句
(4)It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句
另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
【典例】(2009·天津卷)It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.
A. as ? ? ? ? ? ? B. which ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. whether ? ? ? ? ? D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞性從句。本空格處應是一個主語從句的引導詞，因該主語從句不缺成分，且句意完整，故應用不作任何成分的連詞that。
2.賓語從句
名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。
(1) 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句
由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。
注意:在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist，desire，request，command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“(should)+ 動詞原形”。例如:
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。
(2)用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如:
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。
【典例1】(2008·北京卷)The companies are working together to create _______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.
A. which ? ? ? ? ? B. that ? ? ? ? C. what ? ? ? ? ? D. who
【答案】C
【解析】create后為賓語從句，從句中they hope是插入語，可刪除。因為從句中缺少主語，所以用what引導該從句。
【典例2】(2009· 全國卷Ⅰ) Could I speak to ? ? ? ? is in charge of International Sales please?
A. who ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. what ? ? ? ? ? ?C. whoever ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. whatever
【答案】C
【解析】 考查名詞性從句。題干中介詞to后面為賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，因此填whoever。
(3)用whether或if引導的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if:
A. 引導主語從句并在句首時;b. 引導表語從句時;c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時;d. 從句后有“or not”時;e. 后接動詞不定式時。例如:
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留?
(4)注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應，當主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用
不同時態(tài)。例如:
He studies English every day. (從句用一般現(xiàn)在時)
He studied English last term. (從句用一般過去時)
I know (that) he will study English next year. (從句用一般將來時)
He has studied English since . (從句用現(xiàn)在完成時)
當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)(could, would除外)，從句則要用相應的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如:
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
(5)think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例?
We don’t think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。
3.表語從句
在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如:
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。
That’s just what I want. 這正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的，當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
【提撥】whether 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。
【典例1】 (2009·山東卷)The little girl who got lost decided to remain ________she was and wait tor her mother.
A. where ? ? ? ? ? ? B. what ? ? ? ? ? ?C. how ? ? ? ? ? ? D. who
【答案】A
【解析】remain是系動詞，后加表語從句，由句意可知，從句缺地點狀語，所以選A。
【典例2】(2008·天津卷)The last time we had grat fun was _______ we were visiting the Water Park.
A. where ? ? ? ? ?B. how ? ? ? ? ? C. when ? ? ? ? ? D. why
【答案】C
【解析】was后為表語從句，此處when與the last time相呼應，根據(jù)句意可排除其他選項。
4. 同位語從句
同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。例如:
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
【典例】(2009· 重慶卷) We should consider the students’ request ________ the school library provide more books on popular science.
A. that ? ? ? ? ? ?B. when ? ? ? ? C. which ? ? ? ? ?D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞性從句。根據(jù)題意知，空格處是同位語從句的引導詞，修飾中心名詞request，且在句子中不充當成分，故用that。這句話的意思是我們應該考慮學生的這個要求，即學校圖書館應該多提供一些大眾科學方面的書籍。
三、對比與用法
1.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別:
That作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。
試比較下面兩個例句:
I had no idea that you were here.(that引導同位語從句，不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引導定語從句，作賓語，可以省略)
2.that-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系:
A. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明顯……
b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that… 人們相信……
It is known to all that… 從所周知……
It has been decided that… 已決定……
C. It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識
It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事實是……
d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.
你非走不可真是件憾事。
3.否定轉(zhuǎn)移
(1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的'否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不認識你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回來。
注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。
(2)將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看來他們不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
【備考策略】
考生對于名詞性從句的復習和應試關(guān)鍵要把握每個引導詞的意義，因為在對于名詞性從句的考查中，引導詞在句子中都起作用，有意義，因此在分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，對比辨別名詞性從句、狀語從句、強調(diào)句式后，最后還是要選擇引導詞;另外還要注意以下幾點:
1.what 引導詞的考查，尤其位于介詞后引導的賓語從句以及引導名詞性從句時的雙重作用。
2.Whether和if 的區(qū)別，尤其注意他們的不同之處。
3.名詞性從句和其它從句的兼容結(jié)構(gòu)測試。
4.句子語序和時態(tài)。
具體說:
1.掌握名詞性從句的分類功能
名詞性從句根據(jù)其在主句的功能作用又可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
(1) 若從句在句中作主語為主語從句
(2) 若從句在句中作賓語為賓語從句
(3)若從句在句中作表語為表語從句
(4) 若從句在句中作同位語為同位語從句
2.掌握連詞的含義及分類
絕大多數(shù)名詞性從句的連詞都有其實在意義，稱為有義連詞，如what表“……的內(nèi)容”，when表“……的時間”，where表“……的地點”，why表“……的原因”，how表“如何;怎樣”，who表“誰”，if, whether表“是否”;沒有實在意義的連詞叫無義連詞，無義連詞只有that一個。
3.掌握名詞性從句的語序
名詞性從句用陳述語序。
4.掌握名詞性從句和其它從句之間的關(guān)系
有些連詞除引導名詞性從句外還可引導其它從句，應掌握它們之間的關(guān)系。
(1) if ,whether表“是否”時引導名詞性從句;if表“如果”時引導條件狀語從句;whether表“無論是否;不管是否”時引導讓步狀語從句。
(2) when表“……的時間”，where表“……的地方”時引導名詞從句;when表“當……的時候”引導時間狀語從句，where表“……的地方”，且修飾行為動詞時，引導地點狀語從句;when, where從句作定語修飾先行詞時引導定語從句。
【專題突破】
高考中考查名詞性從句時，經(jīng)?？疾檫B接詞的選用。解題時應先判斷從句的類型，然后判斷從句是否缺少成分以及意義是否完整，最后根據(jù)引導名詞性從句的連詞的特點確定特定的連接詞。要求學生在做題中要注意如下幾點:
1.分析結(jié)構(gòu)，辨析名詞性從句和狀語從句;
2.理解句意，正確區(qū)別引導詞;
3.按照句意，出現(xiàn)那個引導詞意思，便選擇那個引導詞。
【專題鞏固】
1. A warm thought suddenly came to me _______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday .
A. if ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. when ? ? ? ? ? ?C. that ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. which
2. See the flag on top of the building ? That was _______ we did this morning.
A when ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. which ? ? ? ? ? ? C. where ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. what
3. The government has announced that a modern city will be set up in _______is still a wasteland now.
A. what ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. which ? ? ? ? ? ? C. that ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. where
4.Many people wrote articles on _______Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event .
A. why ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. what ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?C. who ? ? ? ? ?D. that
5.The couple are spending their holiday on _______is described as one of the most beautiful islands.
A. that ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. what ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?C. which ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. where
6.The book is meant to _______needs it .
A. who ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. whoever ? ? ? ? ?C. whomever ? ?D. whom
7. In his speech, Premier Wen Jiabao points out that creativity is_______it takes to keep a nation highly competitive.
A. how ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. what ? ? ? ? ? C. which ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. that
8.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth_______ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.
A. that what ? ? ? ? B. what ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C. that ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. what that
9._______has recently been done to provide more buses for the people ,a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem .
A. That ? ? ? ? ? ? B. What ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?C. In spite of what ? D. Though what
10. ?_______is certain is _______prevention is more important than treatment.
A. It; that ? ? ? ? B. What; that ? ? ? ? ?C. As; what ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. What; what
11. Nobody would stand out admitting the fact, for some reason, _______they lost the game.
A. that ? ? ? ?B. which ? ? ? ? ? ? C. what ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. why
12.-The patient looks much better. _______is it that has made him_______he is today?
-Perhaps the special medicine and his family’s patient care.
A.What; that ?B.That; that ? ? ? ? ?C.What; what ? ? ? ? ? D.What; which
13. After three hours’ climbing , they reached _______ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of .
A.what ? ? ? B.which ? ? ? ? ?C.where ? ? ? ? ? D.that
14. A plan has been put forward _______more graduates should go to work in the country
A. when ? ? ? B. that ? ? ? ? ? C. whether ? ? ? ? ? ?D. how
15.It is pretty well understood _______controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A. that ? ? ? ? ? ? B. when ? ? ? ? ?C. what ? ? ? ? ? D. how
16.(2009· 湖南卷) She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _______it takes to save her life.
A. whichever ? ? ?B. however ? ? ?C. whatever ? ? ? D. whoever
17.(2009·陜西卷) The how- to book can be of help to _______wants to do the job.
A. who ? ? ? ? ?B. whomever ? ? C. no matter who ? D. whoever
18.(2009· 安徽卷) A good friend of mine from ? ? ? ? ? I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.
A. how ? ? ? ? ?B. whom ? ? ? ? C. when ? ? ? ? ? ?D. which
19.(2009·江蘇卷)Many young people in the West are expected to leave_______could be life’s most important decision-marriage-almost entirely up to luck.
A. as ? ? ? ? ? ?B. that ? ? ? ? ? ?C. which ? ? ? ? ? ?D. what
20. (2009·浙江卷)-Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?
-No problem.
A. when ? ? ? ?B. that ? ? ? ? ? ?C. whether ? ? ? ? ?D. what
【參考答案及解析】
1. C 句意:我腦海中突然出現(xiàn)一個溫情的念頭，用我的零花錢給媽媽買些鮮花作為她的生日禮物。本題考察名詞性從句用法。I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday .做A warm thought 的同位語從句。中間被suddenly came to me隔開，增加了試題難度。此外，部分考生由于對同位語從句和定語從句不分，故錯選D為答案。
2. D 表語從句中缺did的賓語。
3. A “_______is still a wasteland now .”做介詞in的賓語從句，從句中缺主語句意為:政府已經(jīng)宣布一座現(xiàn)代化的城市將在這片現(xiàn)在仍是廢墟的地方建成。
4. A“_______Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event.”做介詞on的賓語，賓語從句中不缺主干，故排除B和C。另外that不引導介詞的賓語從句(固定搭配除外)，所以排除D。
5. B “_______is described as one of the most beautiful islands .”賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，
6. B whoever在賓語從句中做主語，部分學生，因為只看到介詞to，誤認為要添whomever做介詞的賓語。
7. B “_______it takes to keep a nation highly competitive.”做表語從句，從句中缺少takes的賓語，構(gòu)成 it takes sth to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu)。
8. A本題句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復雜，“_______ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress”做a truth的同位語從句，同位語從句中_______ a nation loses in times of disaster為主語從句。本句共有兩個從句，故有兩個引導詞。句意為“中華民族的經(jīng)驗證明了一個真理，即，一個民族在災難中失去的，必將從民族的進步中得到補償。
9. C “_______has recently been done to provide more buses for the people”在句中做讓步狀語,而D. Though what錯誤, 因為, 一個單一的從句不能用兩個連詞引導.句意: 盡管在為人們提供更多公交車這件事上, 投入了很多, 但是公交工具的缺乏, 仍然是個問題.
10.B “_______is certain”在句中做主語,主語從句缺少一個主語,需要用What; “_______prevention is more important than treatment .”系表語從句,句意與結(jié)構(gòu)完整,只有that,可以這樣用。
11.A“_______ they lost the game.”在句子中做the fact 的同位語從句,從句意思結(jié)構(gòu)完整,結(jié)構(gòu)完整。
12. C先將句子結(jié)構(gòu)理清楚，it is _______that has made him _______he is today 就可以判斷，第一個空是考察強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問形式;第二個空則是表語從句，表語從句中缺少he is的表語。句意:病人好多了，是什么使得他成為現(xiàn)在這個樣子。
13. A考生誤以為是地點狀語從句，誤選C.where。而reached是及物動詞，后邊接的是賓語從句，賓語從句除去插入語they thought，應該缺主語。
14.B 考察同位語從句，表達A plan的具體內(nèi)容，has been put forward將名詞與從句隔開，加大了難度。
15.C 主要測試主語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知:句子屬于形式主語格式;另外主句中缺少主語。雙重作用的引導詞只能是what。例如:It is still doubtful what he said at the meeting yesterday。昨天他在會上說的話仍然值得懷疑。
16.C 名詞性從句的引導詞。句意為:她對我們來說是非常寶貴，我們已經(jīng)準備好做一切來拯救她的生命。
17.D 此處從句作介詞to的賓語，是名詞性從句，引導詞作從句的主語，指人，意思是:無論是誰，選D。
18.C 考查名詞性從句，介詞from后除了接代詞或名詞作賓語外，還可接介詞短語或副詞短語作賓語;由后面“I was born”可以推測from后面可以指時間，也可以指地點，再由所給的選項可得出答案。
19.D 考查名詞性從句。賓語從句中缺少主語，因此選what。
20. B考查同位語從句。此處是由what引導的同位語從句，表示“你有沒有可能來機場接我?”。所以選B項。
英語名詞性從句易混點區(qū)分2
語法在考研大綱中并做沒有明確的說明，容易被忽視，但無論是閱讀、完型填空，還是翻譯，甚至寫作，對語法的考查又是無處不在的。在完型填空中，嚴格地說，語法是可以作為考題出現(xiàn)的，例如選擇連詞或代詞的題，我們就可以把它們當作語法的題型來解決。
這里我們先總結(jié)一下能夠涉及到的從句。在考研英語中，總共有三大類型從句，即名詞性從句，定語從句和狀語。我們這里先看一下名詞性從句。名詞性從句就是指在句子中起名詞作用的從句，其功能相當于名詞詞組，在復合句中可以擔任主語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等。根據(jù)它在劇中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句可以分為主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句。
1、主語從句
主語從句在復合句中充當主語，為了避免頭重腳輕的情況，平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，一般用it作形式主語代替處于從句，把主語從句置于句尾。在完型填空中，對主語從句的考查以形式主語it為主。例如：It did not matter what was done in the experiment。it 作形式主語，關(guān)系代詞what引導的從句是句子真正的主語。句子含義為：實驗中做什么無關(guān)緊要。
2、賓語從句
賓語從句在復合句中充當賓語，可以作動詞的賓語、介詞的賓語。也可以用于動詞+it+that 結(jié)構(gòu)，由it 作形式賓語。例如：That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be accepted as impartial judgments. () 在這句話中，it作形式賓語，而真正的賓語是that 引導的賓語從句。注意在這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that是不可省略的。句子的含義為：這種行為使得法院的判決不太可能被視作公正無私。
3、表語從句
標語從句放在系動詞后，充當復合句中的表語，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+連系動詞+表語從句。引導表語從句的that通?？梢允÷??？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be, look,remain等。另外，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)還有the reason…that(不用because)和it is because…例如：Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an ethics code. (2012)這句話中，that從句作連系動詞is的表語，說明“問題是什么”。句子的含義為：部分為題在于法官不受道德規(guī)范的制約。
4、同位語從句
同位語從句在完型填空中出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)很多，廣大考生要引起注意。同位語從句用于對名詞作進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。能接同位語從句的應為表示抽象概念的名詞，如：idea, belief, fact等。同位語從句一般由that 引導，但也可以用關(guān)系代詞(what, which, who)、關(guān)系副詞(when, where, why, how)或者whether …引導。例如：Contrary to the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. (2010) 在這句話中，句子的主干為no systematic evidence was found，句首Contrary to 作狀語， that引導的同位語從句置于謂語部分后。句子的含義為：與所記載的描述相反，沒有系統(tǒng)的證據(jù)證明生產(chǎn)效率與照明的變化之間存在關(guān)聯(lián)。
以上，我們梳理了一下名詞性從句的四種從句。廣大考生在復習的時候，要做好區(qū)分。祝各位同學復習順利，考試成功。
英語名詞性從句易混點區(qū)分3
[關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的誤用]
例1 （·全國卷Ⅰ） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
解析 that→where。本題考查賓語從句，引導詞在從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語，所以將that改為where。
例2 （·全國卷Ⅱ） As natural architects， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
解析 how。根據(jù)語境和空后的形容詞thick可知應用how引導賓語從句，此處表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墻需要“多”厚。故答案為how。
點撥 若從句缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語，則考慮用關(guān)系代詞；若從句缺少時間、地點、原因、方式等狀語成分，則使用關(guān)系副詞（when/where/why/how）。
[if和whether的誤用]
例3 He asked her the question if they can be friends.
解析 if→whether。question后為同位語從句，只能用whether來引導，故而將if改為whether。
例4 It doesn’t matter so much you will come or not.
解析 考查主語從句。句意：你來還是不來，這不怎么重要。代詞it作形式主語，真正的主語是whether引導的主語從句。
點撥 在表達“是否”這一意思時，我們經(jīng)常會用到whether和if，但以下幾種情況只用whether不用if：
1. 在表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句中；
2. 在介詞后的賓語從句中。如：It all depends on whether they will support us.
3. 在不定式之前。如：He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.
4. 從句中有or not時。如：He doesn’t know whether he should stay or not.
[what和that的誤用]
例5 （2016·上海卷） Eventually， I decided to follow her and 26 happened truly amazed me.
解析 what。句意：發(fā)生的事情真的讓我很驚訝。設(shè)空處無提示詞，分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，從句中缺少主語，且指代的是物，可判斷答案為what。本句中連接代詞what引導主語從句且在從句中做主語。
例6 He was interested in that he had seen at the exhibition.
解析 that→what。介詞in后的賓語從句中缺少賓語，應用what。
點撥 要正確填入引導詞，關(guān)鍵在于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷引導詞在從句中所作的成分。引導從句時，that不作任何句子成分，只起連接作用；what可作主語、賓語、表語、定語，既充當從句的一個成分，又引導一個從句，意為“什么”“……的人”“……的地方”“……的樣子”。
[wh-ever的誤用]
例7 （2016·北京卷）Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.
A. However B. Whoever
C. Whatever D. Wherever
解析 C?？疾橹髡Z從句。本題中，helps是謂語，you can do屬于主語的一部分。在主語從句中，do的后面缺少賓語，whatever引導主語從句，同時作do的賓語，該句意思是：你能做的任何事都有幫助。
點撥 關(guān)系代詞whoever， whatever， whichever引導名詞性從句時，相當于anyone who，anything that等；引導讓步狀語從句時，相當于no matter who/what/which。
注意 1. wh-和wh-ever的區(qū)別：wh-有疑問的意思；wh-ever有強調(diào)的意思。如：
Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.
Whoever/Anyone who comes here is welcomed.
2. wh-ever在引導名詞性從句時不能用no matter wh-來替換，但在引導狀語從句時可以替換。如：
Whatever happened， he would not mind.
= No matter what happened， he would not mind.
[代詞it的誤用]
例8 This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost was regarded as “the best car in the world”.
As is known to all my classmates that I can speak English as if I were a native speaker.
解析 This→It；As→It。兩個句子均是主語從句，應該用it作形式主語。
點撥 代詞it作形式主語，將主語從句放到句尾，引導詞則根據(jù)從句所缺的成分來確定。出題人一般會利用同學們對該結(jié)構(gòu)掌握不牢而針對形式主語it設(shè)題。
例9 （2015·浙江卷） How would you like ， if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？
A. them B. one
C. those D. it
解析 D。if引導的賓語從句是本句真正的賓語，而空格處是形式賓語，只有it可充當形式賓語。
點撥 有些動詞或短語，如like， hate， dislike， appreciate， owe， depend on， see to，接賓語從句時需要在賓語從句前加it做形式賓語。例如：
I don’t like it when you look at me like that.
[與其他從句的混淆]
不少同學經(jīng)常將名詞性從句與其他從句，尤其是與定語從句和強調(diào)句搞混。
1. 與定語從句的區(qū)別
例10 （2015·天津卷） The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.
解析 where。句意為“這家公司的老板正盡力為員工創(chuàng)設(shè)一種讓他們能盡情享受工作的氛圍”。設(shè)空處引導的定語從句修飾先行詞atmosphere，該從句缺地點狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞where，相當于in which。
點撥 定語從句與名詞性從句的區(qū)別：定語從句前必須有先行詞，先行詞通常為名詞或代詞；名詞性從句除同位語從句外，前面均無名詞或代詞。
2. 與強調(diào)句的區(qū)別
例11 （2015·湖北卷） It was in the lake that they found the long last sword of the Ming Dynasty.
解析 本句為強調(diào)句式，強調(diào)了地點狀語in the lake，意思是“正是在那個湖里……”。that與前面的It was共同構(gòu)成強調(diào)句式。
例12 （2016·江蘇卷） It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A. why B. what
C. as D. that
解析 考查主語從句。本句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是D。that引導的主語從句，that在本句中不充當成分。句意：通常對那些心存希望的人來說，一切都是可能發(fā)生的。
點撥 要弄清名詞性從句與強調(diào)句的區(qū)別，同學們就應該牢記強調(diào)句中若去掉it is/was ... that ...，句子依然完整，而名詞性從句中用來引導主、賓語從句的that盡管沒有實際含義，但在從句中起連接作用。
英語名詞性從句易混點區(qū)分4
高考英語名詞性從句練習題及答案詳解
1.Dad is used to smoking and drinking.There's no chance ________ I'm able to talk him into ________.
A.whether;giving it up
b.of whether;giving them up
C.that;getting rid of them
d.which;stopping it
答案 C [由smoking and drinking可知，A、D中的代詞錯誤。B項翻譯不通。注：that引導的是一個同位語從句。]
2.Keep in mind ________ you want others to respect you，you must respect others first.(·湖北鄂州市高三上學期模底考試)
A.that when B.that if
C.if when D.when if
答案 B [that引導一個賓語從句，賓語從句中又有一個if引導的條件狀語從句。]
3.Shenzhen was only a small fishing village compared to ________ it is now.
A.which B.that C.what D.where
答案 C [to后是賓語從句，is后缺表語，故用what。]
4.Think about ________ you are good at and ________ you enjoy and build on those abilities.
A.what;that B.what;which
C.that;that D.what;what
答案 D [think about后跟兩個賓語從句，at后缺賓語，第一空需填what，enjoy和build缺賓語，第二空也需填what。所以選D。]
5.________ seems strange to us is ________ the troublesome boy is getting along well with all his teachers.
A.It;that B.That;how
C.It;how D.What;that
答案 D [第一空是主語從句，從句缺主語用what，第二空是表語從句，從句的成分完整用that。]
6.________ words I use can not express my appreciation of your timely help.
A.Whatever .How many
C.No matter what D.Whichever
答案 A [no matter what一般不引導名詞性從句，這是一個主語從句，所以排除C。B、D語義不通，可排除。]
7.Human beings are different from animals ________ they can use language as a tool to communicate.
A.in that B.for that
C.in which D.for which
答案 A [in that是“在……這一點上”的意思，引導狀語從句。]
8.________ climber gets to the top first will get a ￥5,000 prize.
A.No matter when B.Whichever
C.No matter which D.Whenever
答案 B [A、C項不引導名詞性從句，又因為主語從句中缺少主語，故選B。]
9.Along with the letter was her promise ________ she would join us in the work.(重慶酉陽一中高三第四次月考)
A.which B.what C.that D.whether
答案 C [promise后是一個同位語從句，且從句不缺成分故用that。D項翻譯不正確。]
10.Many of the creatures in Rowling's world are not real，and much of ________ happens is strange.
A.which B.that C.what D.it
答案 C [of后的________ happens是一個賓語從句，從句缺主語，故選what。]
11.________ some teenagers don't realize is ________ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.
A.What;how B.That;how
C.That;what D.What;what a
答案 A [第一空：主語從句缺賓語用what。第二空：是表語從句，正常語序為：life can be ________ difficult after they get addicted to drugs，就很容易填上副詞how了。故選A。]
12.They began to think about ________ could be made of these valuable materials.(浙江溫州中學高三1月月考)
A.how use B.full use
C.better D.what use
答案 D [短語make use of(利用)中的use是名詞可用形容詞what來修飾。how是副詞，不可修飾名詞。]
13.There was a big argument among the children about ________ move to a new house.
A.if they should B.that they ought
C.if should they D.whether they should
答案 D [連詞that和if都不能直接放在介詞之后，可排除A、B、C。]
14.________ sometimes keeps her awake at night ________ Tom is getting more and more quiet at home.
A.That;which B.It;that
C.Whether;what D.What;that
答案 B [it作形式主語，that引導從句作真正主語，如選D項句子缺謂語。]
15.—I rang you at about nine，but there was no reply.
—Oh，that was probably ________ I was seeing the doctor.(天津一中高三上學期第五次月考)
A.why B.when C.what D.that
答案 B [根據(jù)語境該選B，when引導表語從句，同時又在從句中作時間狀語。]
16.His mother did ________ she could ________ the boy.
A.what;help B.that;help
C.what;to help D.that;to help
答案 C [第一空：是賓語從句，could后省了do，what作這個do的賓語。第二空：不定式表目的。故選C。]
17.It isn't expected ________ he said caused so much discussion at the meeting.
(浙江溫州市高三第一次適用性測試)
A.that B.what that
C.what D.that what
答案 D [D項中that引導主語從句，what he said又在主語從句中作主語，what作said的賓語。that引導主語從句時一般不省，所以排除C。]
18.Some language experts think we learn languages in the same way ________ we learn other things，and ________ we are born with is a general ability to learn and adapt.
A.不填;that what B.which;what
C.that;what that D.in which;that
答案 A [第一空：這是定語從句，先行詞是way，從句中缺狀語，可用關(guān)系詞that/in which(可省)。第二空：由that引導賓語從句，what又在賓語從句中引導主語從句，同時充當with的賓語。故選A。]
19.It was the first time Agassi had understood ________ real champions finally understand：winning is a test of nerves and not just power.
A.that B.what C.how D.when
答案 B [這是一個賓語從句，understand后缺賓語，故用what。]
20.Thinking that you know ________ in fact you don't know is a serious mistake.(吉林長春市高三第一次模擬)
A.what B.that C.when D.however
答案 A [把這句話寫完整應該是：Thinking that you know what in fact you don't know is a serious mistake.句意：認為你知道了事實上不知道的東西，那是一個嚴重的錯誤。]
21.We will all appreciate ________ you can come to join us in developing our hometown.
A.that if B.it if
C.it that D.that when
答案 B [appreciate跟it作形式賓語，if you can come to join...可視為真正的賓語。]
22.Much to the couple's comfort，their income is now double ________ it was five years ago.
A.that B.than C.which D.what
答案 D [這是一個由what引導的表語從句，what同時又在從句中充當表語。]
23.In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send help to ________ there is human suffering.(江西九校聯(lián)考一模)
A.whoever B.wherever
C.however D.whatever
答案 B [wherever引導賓語從句，同時又在從句中作地點狀語。]
24.It was in time of danger ________ he made the final decision ________ they should send more doctors there.
A.where;that B.when;which
C.where;what D.that;that
答案 D [第一空是強調(diào)句型，第二空that引導同位語從句。]
25.The news ________ is spreading around the airport is ________ a heavy storm is coming.
A.what;不填 B.that;that
C.不填;that D.that;which
答案 B [第一空：是定語從句，從句缺主語，可用that或which，作主語的關(guān)系代詞一般不省，可排除A、C。第二空：是同位語從句，從句不缺成分，故選B。]
26.If you leave this application form and go to another website，you will lose ________ you have already filled out on this form.(福建泉州市高中畢業(yè)班臨考質(zhì)量檢查)
A.whatever B.no matter what
C.whichever D.no matter which
答案 A [這是賓語從句，filled out缺少賓語，所以填whatever。C、D語義不對;B項一般不引導名詞性從句。]
27.Do you have any idea ________ electricity plays such an important part in our daily life?
A.why is it that B.how it is that
C.why was it D.when it was that
答案 B [這是同位語從句，從句的主謂一般是不倒裝的，即可排除A、C。D項的時態(tài)不正確。]
28.—Does it matter much ________ the sales manager won't attend the meeting tomorrow?
—I've no idea.(江蘇六合高級中學高三下學期調(diào)研考試)
A.whether B.what C.when D.that
答案 D [it作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句，whether翻譯不通。]
29.As days go on，I think that Beijing will become ________ the whole world pay close attention to.
A.where B.what C.which D.that
答案 B [what引導賓語從句，在從句中作pay attention to的賓語。]
30.________ David says sounds right to Helen.That's why she has made up her mind to leave him ________ happens.
A.Whatever;whatever
b.No matter what;whatever
C.No matter what;no matter what
d.Whatever;however
答案 A [第一空：是主語從句，由于no matter what不引導名詞性從句，所以排除B、C。第二空：是賓語從句，從句缺主語，即可排除D。故選A。句意：戴維說的每句話，海倫都覺得有道理，所以，她決定把一切都交給他來處理。]
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