同一套題全國聯(lián)考關(guān)門卷-英語2整理3篇 2022年全國聯(lián)考精選卷2英語

時間：2022-10-16 09:58:00 綜合范文

　　下面是范文網(wǎng)小編收集的同一套題全國聯(lián)考關(guān)門卷-英語2整理3篇 2022年全國聯(lián)考精選卷2英語，供大家閱讀。

同一套題全國聯(lián)考關(guān)門卷-英語2整理1

　　全國II卷英語高考真題

　　第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

　　第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

　　聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

　　1. Where does the conversation probably take place?

　　A. In a supermarket

　　B. In the post office

　　C. In the street

【分值】1.5分

【答案】C

　　2. What did Carl do?

　　A. He designed a medal.

　　B. He fixed a TV set.

　　C. He took a test.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】B

　　3. What does the man do?

　　A. He’s a tailor.

　　B. He’s a waiter.

　　C. He’s a shop assistant.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】A

　　4. When will the flight arrive?

　　A. At 18:20.

　　B. At 18:35.

　　C. At 18:50.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】C

　　5. How can the man improve his article?

　　A. By deleting unnecessary words.

　　B. By adding a couple of points.

　　C. By correcting grammar mistakes.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】A

　　第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

　　聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

　　聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

　　6. What does Bill often do on Friday night?

　　A. Visit his parents.

　　B. Go do the movies.

　　C. Walk along Broadway.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】B

　　7. Who watches musical plays most often?

　　A. Bill

　　B. Sarah

　　C. Bill’s parents

【分值】1.5分

【答案】B

　　聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

　　8. Why does David want to speak to Mike?

　　A. To invite him to a party.

　　B. To discuss a schedule.

　　C. To call off a meeting.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】C

　　9. What do we know about the speakers?

　　A. They are colleagues.

　　B. They are close friends.

　　C. They’ve never met before.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】C

　　聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

　　10. What kind of camera does the man want?

　　A. A TV camera.

　　B. A video camera.

　　C. A movie camera.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】B

　　11. Which function is the man most interested in?

　　A. Underwater filming.

　　B. A large memory.

　　C. Auto-focus.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】A

　　12. How much would the man pay for the second camera?

　　A. 950 euros.

　　B. 650 euros.

　　C. 470 euros.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】C

　　聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

　　13. Who is Clifford?

　　A. A little girl.

　　B. The man’s pet.

　　C. A fictional character.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】C

　　14. Who suggested that Norman paint for children’s books?

　　A. His wife.

　　B. Elizabeth.

　　C. A publisher.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】A

　　15. What is Norman’s story based on?

　　A. A book.

　　B. A painting.

　　C. A young woman.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】B

　　16. What is it that shocked Norman?

　　A. His unexpected success.

　　B. His efforts made in vain.

　　C. His editor’s disagreement.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】A

　　聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

　　17. Who would like to make small talk according to the speaker?

　　A. Relatives.

　　B. Strangers.

　　C. Visitors.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】B

　　18. Why do people have small talk?

　　A. To express opinions.

　　B. To avoid arguments.

　　C. To show friendliness.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】C

　　19. Which of the following is a frequent topic in small talk?

　　A. Politics.

　　B. Movies.

　　C. Salaries.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】B

　　20. What does the speaker recommend at the end of his lecture?

　　A. Asking open-ended questions.

　　B. Feeling free to change topics.

　　C. Making small talk interesting.

【分值】1.5分

【答案】A

　　第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

　　第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

　　The Lake District Attractions Guide

　　Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens

　　History, Culture & Landscape（景觀）. Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk, Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.

　　Open: 29 Mar- 29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.

　　Tearoom, Gardens & Gifts Shop: 10.30 – 17.30 (16:00 in Oct).

　　House: 11.15 – 16:00 (15.00 in Oct)

　　Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith

　　Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum

　　Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.

　　Open: Min to Sat and Summer Sundays.10.30-17.00 Summer,10.30-16.00 Winter.

　　Town: Kendal

　　Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery

　　Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!

　　Open: High Season 1 Apr-31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00-17.00,Sun 11.00-17.00.

　　Low Season 1 Nov-31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00-16.30,Sun 12.00-16.30

　　Town: Carlisle

　　Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum

　　Discover William Wordsworth’s inspiration home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.

　　Open: Daily,0.30-17.30(last admission 17.00).

　　Town: Grasmere

　　21. Where is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?

　　A. 09.30-17.30

　　B. 10.30-16.00

　　C. 11.15-16.00

　　D. 12.00-16.30

【分值】2分

【答案】C

　　22. What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?

　　A. Enjoy Romney’s works.

　　B. Have some interactive fun.

　　C. Attend a famous festival

　　D. Learn the history of a family

【分值】2分

【答案】A

　　23. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life?

　　A. Penrith

　　B. Kendal

　　C. Carlisle

　　D. Grasmere

【分值】2分

【答案】D

　　Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.

　　Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(認(rèn)知) after controlling for differences in parents’income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.

　　The researchers analyzed video recording of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.

“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋轉(zhuǎn)) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.

　　The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.

　　The findings were published in the journal Development Science.

　　24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?

　　A. Building confidence.

　　B. Developing spatial skills

　　C. Learning self-control.

　　D．Gaining high-tech knowledge.

【分值】2分

【答案】B

　　25. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?

　　A. Parents’age.

　　B. Children’s imagination .

　　C. Parents’education.

　　D. Child-parent relationship.

【分值】2分

【答案】C

　　26. How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?

　　A. They play with puzzles more often.

　　B. They tend to talk less during the game.

　　C. They prefer to use more spatial language.

　　D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.

【分值】2分

【答案】D

　　27. What is the text mainly about?

　　A. A mathematical method.

　　B. A scientific study

　　C. A woman psychologist.

　　D. A teaching program.

【分值】2分

【答案】B

　　When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(時裝) enthusiast are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海貍鼠).

　　Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur – unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.

　　Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.

　　Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物種). It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.

　　The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.

　　Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.

　　Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says,“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them – I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson

　　Admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.

　　28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?

　　A. To promote guilt-free fur.

　　B. To expand the fashion market.

　　C. To introduce a new brand.

　　D. To celebrate a winter holiday.

【分值】2分

【答案】A

　　29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?

　　A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.

　　B. Nutria are an endangered species.

　　C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.

　　D. Nutria are illegally hunted.

【分值】2分

【答案】A

　　30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

　　A. Boomed.

　　B. Became mature.

　　C. Remained stable.

　　D. Crashed.

【分值】（2分）

【答案】 D

　　31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?

　　A. Its formal.

　　B. Its risky,

　　C. Its harmful.

　　D. Its traditional.

【分值】（2分）

【答案】 B

　　I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library,

　　My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.

　　As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children, and books were our main source (來源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.

　　I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.

　　Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.

　　As a novelist, Ive found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they cant afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven (避風(fēng)港)for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy (盜版行為) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.

　　32. Which word best describes the authors relationship with books as a child?

　　A. Cooperative.

　　B. Uneasy.

　　C．Inseparable.

　　D. Casual.

【分值】（2分）

【答案】 C

　　33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?

　　A. Pleasure from working in the library.

　　B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.

　　C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.

　　D. A closer bond developed with the readers.

【分值】（2分）

【答案】 B

　　34. What does the author call on other writers to do?

　　A. Sponsor book fairs.

　　B. Write for social media.

　　C. Support libraries.

　　D. Purchase her novels.

【分值】（2分）

【答案】 C

　　35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

　　A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge

　　B. My Idea about Writing

　　C. Library: A Haven for the Young

　　D. My Love of the Library

【分值】（2分）

【答案】 D

　　第二節(jié)(共5小題; 每小題2分，滿分10分)

　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

　　Emoji (表情符號) and Workplace Communication

　　In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. __36__. Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.

　　Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. ___37__, encouraging better and more frequent communication.

　　In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. __38__. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve (曲線). The good news is that its simple to learn and can be worth the effort.

　　There is also the matter of tone (語氣). Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? __39__. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.

　　__40__ and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, youll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.

　　A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational

　　B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly

　　C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange

　　D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally

　　E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly

　　F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace

　　G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform

　　36-40答案：

　　36.【分值】（2分）

【答案】 D

　　37.【分值】（2分）

【答案】 A

　　38.【分值】（2分）

【答案】 G

　　39.【分值】（2分）

【答案】 B

　　40.【分值】（2分）

【答案】 F

　　第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)

　　第一節(jié) (共20小題;每小題1.5 分，滿分30分)

　　閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

　　It was just after sunrise on a June morning, “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be__41__to the public because of Italys privacy laws, __42__ working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction (拍賣)”__43__ by the Italian police where things__44__ on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look __45__ above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder__46__ until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.

　　When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he ?47 ?the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had ?48 ?from Turin. His son, age 15, who had ?49_ an art appreciation class, thought that there was something ?50 ?about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed (簽名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 ?it, he only found “Bonnard, ”a French 52 he had never heard of. He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his fathers painting ?“That’s the garden in our picture. ”Nicoloson told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.”They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguins “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.”The 59 ?called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as $50 million.

　　41. A. attached B. allocated C. exposed D. submitted

　　42. A. finished B. delayed C. considered D. tried 43. A. attended B. reserved C. cancelled D. run 44. A. shown B. found C. kept D. hidden 45. A. nice B. familiar C. useful D. real

　　46. A. battled B. debated C. discussed D. bargained

　　47. A. held B. left C. registered D. brought

　　48. A. chosen B. received C. ordered D. moved

　　49. A. missed B. failed C. taken D. led

　　50. A. concrete B. unusual C. unappealing D. natural

　　51. A. appreciated B. touched C. researched D. witnessed 52. A painter B. designer C. author D. actor

　　53. A. expected B. surprised C. anxious D.ready 54. A. room B. kitchen C. hall D. garden 55. A. apparently B. confidently C. eventually D. temporarily

　　56. A. owned B. borrowed C. sold D. stole

　　57. A. collected B. cleaned C. framed D. studied

　　58. A. suitably B. actually C. rightly D.specifically 59. A. girl B. artist C. family D. police

　　60. A. copies B. originals C. models D. presents

【分值】每小題 1.5

【答案】

　　41.【C】

　　42.【A】

　　43.【D】

　　44.【B】

　　45.【A】

　　46.【A】

　　47.【D】

　　48.【D】

　　49.【C】

　　50.【B】

　　51.【C】

　　52.【A】

　　53.【B】

　　54.【D】

　　55.【C】

　　56.【A】

　　57.【D】

　　58.【B】

　　59.【C】

　　60.【B】

　　第二節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的'正確形式。

　　Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year

　　Chinese New Year is a 61.(celebrate)marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62.(carry)special significance. They represent the earth 63.(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. ?These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country: ?Oranges: Orange trees are more 64.decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 65.(decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. ?Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.66.(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67. health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68.(care)for and make great presents.

　　Branches of Plum blossoms(梅花):The 69.(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70. first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.【分值】每小題 1.5

【答案】

　　61．Celebration

　　62. carries

　　63. coming

　　64. than

　　65. decorated

　　66. Certainly

　　67. with

　　68. to care

　　69. beautiful

　　70. the

　　第四部分寫作 (共兩節(jié),滿分35分)

　　第一節(jié) 短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)

　　假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下信件內(nèi)容。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

　　增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。

　　修改：在錯的詞下劃—橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞

　　注意：1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

　　2. 只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分

　　Thank you fou you letter, what really made me happy. I’m glad to know that you’ve come China to learn kung fu in school in my hometown. I’m surely youll have a good time. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day. Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. See you sooner.

　　Thank you four letter, 【which】 really made me happy. I’m glad to know that you’ve come 【to】 China to learn kung fu in school in my hometown. I’m 【sure】 youll have a good time. Actually, I 【started】 to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, 【but/yet】 I have long been out of practice. Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer 【vacation】. Then I can spare some time to lean it again, 【so】 that we can practice together 【on】 every day. Best of luck with 【your/you】 learning kung fu in China. See you 【soon】.

　　第二節(jié) 書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）

　　上周末，你和同學(xué)參加了一次采摘活動。請你為班級英語角寫一篇短文，介紹這次活動，內(nèi)容包括:1.農(nóng)場情況；2.采摘過程；3.個人感受。

　　注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右；

　　2.題目已為你寫好。

　　題目：My Weekend

同一套題全國聯(lián)考關(guān)門卷-英語2整理2

　　2022年全國甲卷英語真題卷及答案

　　提前填報高考志愿要把握好三個成績

　　一、平時成績是基礎(chǔ)

　　平時成績一般指第一學(xué)期期中考試和期末考試成績，也包括平時學(xué)校的測試成績，我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是成績后面的位置最重要。精華學(xué)校復(fù)讀班參加的是海淀的考試，期中、期末都有全區(qū)統(tǒng)計，考生都可以找到自己的位置，這些位置是基礎(chǔ)。

　　二、一模成績是關(guān)鍵

　　說一模成績是關(guān)鍵是因為一模從命題到閱卷到分?jǐn)?shù)統(tǒng)計工作都是十分嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?，信度、效度都比較高，歷來是填報高考志愿的重要參考依據(jù)。

　　三、二模成績是參考

　　一般說二模試題和一模試題是配套出臺的，內(nèi)容互補(bǔ)但難度大抵相當(dāng)，(可是有些區(qū)縣不再做二模成績統(tǒng)計，因此一些考生找不到自己在全區(qū)的位置，因此作為參考更合適。

　　一模、二模成績考生會呈現(xiàn)出三種狀態(tài)：超常、正常、失常，在填報志愿時應(yīng)當(dāng)將自己成績還原到正常狀態(tài)，有了正常狀態(tài)成績也就有了正常狀態(tài)位置，這對于填報高考志愿是十分有益的。

　　認(rèn)清易混易錯的專業(yè)

　　很多孩子的志愿是由家長來完成的。在為孩子選擇專業(yè)時，家長應(yīng)該注意什么問題呢?從以往的經(jīng)驗看，首要的事情是不要因一字之差給孩子選錯了專業(yè)。

　　小孫是北京林業(yè)大學(xué)園藝專業(yè)的學(xué)生。當(dāng)年在填報高考志愿的時候，他的理想是做園林設(shè)計工作。翻開厚厚的填報志愿名冊，一看到“園藝專業(yè)”4個字，小孫高興得不行了。在他看來，“園藝”應(yīng)該是園林藝術(shù)的合意，就毫不猶豫地選報了園藝專業(yè)。

　　入學(xué)后，小孫才發(fā)現(xiàn)：園藝專業(yè)與園林專業(yè)盡管只有一字之差，卻是迥然不同的兩個專業(yè)：園林是培養(yǎng)園林設(shè)計師的專業(yè)，園林設(shè)計師的工作是用植物來營造怡人的綠色空間，創(chuàng)造四時有景，三季有花的美好環(huán)境。園林專業(yè)需要學(xué)習(xí)建筑制圖和園林設(shè)計方面的理論知識，還要具備扎實的植物功底;而園藝指的是園藝作物。蔬菜、果樹和觀賞植物都是園藝作物，園藝專業(yè)培養(yǎng)的是園藝師。園藝師工作的內(nèi)容是園藝作物的生產(chǎn)、栽培、銷售。

　　選擇專業(yè)時，很多家長容易主觀臆測，按照“應(yīng)該是”和“好像是”的習(xí)慣，從字面推測一個專業(yè)的含義。這種推斷，往往與專業(yè)名稱本來的意思南轅北轍。

　　小張在天津大學(xué)水利水電專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)。在高中期間，小張擅長學(xué)習(xí)物理中的電學(xué)部分，而力學(xué)部分要薄弱一些。選擇高考專業(yè)時，小張希望學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)電、送電與電學(xué)相關(guān)的專業(yè)?？吹剿妼I(yè)時，小張認(rèn)為，從專業(yè)名稱上看，水利水電應(yīng)該是興修水利用以發(fā)電的專業(yè)，這恰恰與自己的愛好一致。入學(xué)后，通過系里的專業(yè)講座才知道，水利水電與土木工程是相似的專業(yè)。

　　很多人把土木工程理解為房屋建筑工程，這只是土木工程的一個方面。土木工程包括了工業(yè)與民用建筑兩個方面。除了房屋建筑，還包括了道路、橋梁、工業(yè)用房屋建筑等。這些工程項目都是在陸地上進(jìn)行施工的。水利水電專業(yè)也對應(yīng)工程項目，但是這些項目是在水中施工的，叫做水工建筑物。人們?yōu)榱藵M足防洪需求，獲得發(fā)電、灌溉、供水、航行等方面的綜合效益，需要在河流的適宜段修建不同類型的建筑物，用來控制和支配水流。這些建筑物就是水工建筑物。大家熟悉的水庫大壩、水閘、水電站都是水工建筑物。水利水電專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生主要做水工建筑物的勘測、規(guī)劃、設(shè)計、施工的工作。水利水電是針對水工建筑的工程，所以，水利水電專業(yè)的學(xué)生要系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)力學(xué)類課程和水文類課程。如，力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)方面的課程理論力學(xué)、材料力學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)、水力學(xué)、土力學(xué)。

　　近幾年，心理學(xué)越來越普及，很多同學(xué)打算報考心理學(xué)專業(yè)。翻開招生目錄，一部分院校以“心理學(xué)”這個名稱招生，更多的院校以“應(yīng)用心理學(xué)”的名稱招生?！拔耶?dāng)時認(rèn)為，應(yīng)用心理學(xué)專業(yè)一定比心理學(xué)這個專業(yè)更實用，況且又注明非師范類，就選擇了這個專業(yè)。”為了弄清這個問題，我采訪了北師大心理學(xué)專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生小王。他對我這樣說?！澳敲磳嶋H情況是什么呢?”我反問他?！皩嶋H情況是課程學(xué)習(xí)上沒有區(qū)別，區(qū)別在于多交一些學(xué)費(fèi)?！?/p>

　　在高考咨詢時，很多家長學(xué)生選擇心理學(xué)專業(yè)的目的是做心理咨詢師，打算開門診。從這個目的出發(fā)，應(yīng)用心理學(xué)這個名稱更合乎這個職業(yè)邏輯。但是，實際情況是，在本科期間，心理學(xué)與應(yīng)用心理學(xué)專業(yè)開設(shè)相同的課程。

　　現(xiàn)在，國內(nèi)高校心理學(xué)系一般分三個專業(yè)方向：基礎(chǔ)心理學(xué)、發(fā)展與教育心理學(xué)和應(yīng)用心理學(xué)。在本科階段，這三個專業(yè)方向的基礎(chǔ)課程都是圍繞基礎(chǔ)心理學(xué)展開的。如認(rèn)知心理學(xué)、實驗心理學(xué)、生理心理學(xué)、認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)、心理統(tǒng)計、心理測量等。在完成基礎(chǔ)心理學(xué)課程學(xué)習(xí)后，都要繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)展心理學(xué)、教育心理學(xué)。最后會學(xué)習(xí)咨詢心理學(xué)課程。因此在本科期間，心理學(xué)系不分方向，到了碩士階段，學(xué)生可以根據(jù)自己的情況選擇基礎(chǔ)心理學(xué)、發(fā)展與教育心理學(xué)、應(yīng)用心理學(xué)的方向。

　　從近年來報考研究生的熱門程度看，依次是應(yīng)用心理學(xué)、發(fā)展與教育心理學(xué)、基礎(chǔ)心理學(xué)。很多學(xué)校的基礎(chǔ)心理學(xué)招不滿，而應(yīng)用心理學(xué)卻擠破頭。

　　農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境是一個琢磨不透的專業(yè)。琢磨不透的原因是，從字面上無法判斷這個專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。高考選專業(yè)時，小王希望學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境類的專業(yè)，將來從事環(huán)境保護(hù)方面的工作。

　　填報志愿時，小王的媽媽看到了“農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境”專業(yè)。從名稱來推斷，這個專業(yè)不僅有環(huán)境還包括了資源。從學(xué)習(xí)范圍來看，農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境應(yīng)該比單純的環(huán)境更廣闊。從這個角度考慮，小王的媽媽建議孩子要學(xué)內(nèi)容多的專業(yè)，因此，選擇了農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境。

　　實際情況如何呢?實際情況是農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境的名稱與專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容相關(guān)性不大。農(nóng)業(yè)資源一般指農(nóng)業(yè)自然資源，如土地資源、水資源、氣候資源和生物資源等都是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)不可缺少的自然資源。農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境是指農(nóng)田、森林、草原、灌溉水、空氣、光、熱及施用于農(nóng)田的肥料(包括化肥)、農(nóng)藥和農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)具等，這些都是農(nóng)作物生長的必需要素。

　　在專業(yè)調(diào)整之前，農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境專業(yè)叫做“土壤化學(xué)”，簡稱“土化”專業(yè)或“土肥”專業(yè)，主要是搞土壤和肥料方面研究的。農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境本科畢業(yè)生可以做農(nóng)藝師。農(nóng)藝師可以作如下方面的工作：肥料檢測和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)分析、肥料研發(fā)、施肥指導(dǎo)等;也可以從事政府部門與肥料和環(huán)境相關(guān)的工作，比如環(huán)境檢測與評價、資源信息技術(shù)的應(yīng)用等。(另外，有肥料與土壤知識的專業(yè)人員對于肥料企業(yè)的銷售工作有著錦上添花的功效，所以這方面逐漸在成為本科生就業(yè)的主流職業(yè)(尤其男生)，并且收入不菲。

　　農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境專業(yè)的課程基礎(chǔ)是土壤學(xué)。我國土壤類型及其豐富，成土原因和成土母質(zhì)各有千秋，所以，在讀期間地質(zhì)學(xué)的野外實習(xí)是必不可少的。此外，營養(yǎng)對植物生長的促進(jìn)作用也是要經(jīng)過親自試驗才會有深刻認(rèn)識的，所以，本專業(yè)的化學(xué)試驗和栽培試驗等各種實驗課程比較多。

　　在選擇專業(yè)時，約有10%的同學(xué)選擇的專業(yè)與自己的想法大相徑庭。這些容易誤解的專業(yè)主要分布在工學(xué)專業(yè)和農(nóng)學(xué)專業(yè)之中。在這兩類專業(yè)類中，很多專業(yè)名稱晦澀難懂。如機(jī)械類專業(yè)中的過程裝備與控制工程、材料成型及控制工程;土建類專業(yè)中的給水排水工程;地礦類專業(yè)中的資源勘查工程、勘察技術(shù)工程。這些專業(yè)因為名稱晦澀增加了辨認(rèn)的難度。關(guān)于這些名稱晦澀的專業(yè)，我曾專門寫了《那些一字之差的易混專業(yè)》，家長應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀。填報中的小誤解會鑄成完全不同的職業(yè)方向，不要因一字之差給孩子選錯了專業(yè)。