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專八語言知識強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題1

　　About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking University. ____2____

　　The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____ families to moderate size.

　　This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high risk categories. ____6 The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7____maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8____

　　pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9____mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than two years apart.____10____

　　答案詳解

　　1. 將 had used 改為 used。

　　因?yàn)榇司涫翘摂M語氣,表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,故條件從句中應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。例如:

　　Many would be wise if they did not think themselves wise. 許多人原本會成為聰明人-如果他們不自以為聰明的話。

　　2. 將 publishing 改為 published

　　report和publish時(shí)邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故應(yīng)使用publish的過去分詞短語來修飾report。例如:

　　Any discovery that we may make, however small, will remain acquired knowledge. 任何可能的發(fā)現(xiàn),不管多么微不足道,都將成為知識寶庫中的一部分。

　　3. 將 theirs 改為 their

　　4. 將 among 改為 between

　　在兩次懷孕期間留出足夠的`間隔時(shí)間,故用between。

　　5. 將過去分詞 excluded 改為介詞 excluding excluding意為“不包括……”

　　6. 將 respectably 改為 respectively

　　respectively 意為 “分別地 ”，符合句子的意思。而respectably意為“可敬的，值得尊敬地 ”。

　　7. 將 evidences 改為 evidence。evidence是不可數(shù)名詞。

　　8. 將ill改為illness

　　9. 將 year 改為 years

　　10. 將 lesser 改為 less

專八語言知識強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題2

　　It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidences of the depressing ____(1)____state of literacy. These sums from the Department of Education are ____(2)____sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, a further 35 million read on a level that is less than sufficient to survive in our society. (3) But my own worry today is more that of the overwhelming problem of____ (4)____elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentrating,____ (5)____that surrounds the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested____ (6)____that almost 80 percent of America's literate, educated teenagers can no longer read with accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickered at the corner of their field of perception. We know____ (7)____very little about the brain and how it dealt with simultaneous conflicting ____(8)____input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part— reading, of partperception against background distraction, enders impossibly certain____ (9)____essential acts of apprehension and concentration, leave alone that most important tribute any human being can pay on a poem or a piece of prose he or ____(10)____she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.

　　答案和解析:

　　1. evidences—evidence. evidence 為不可數(shù)名詞，不能使用復(fù)

　　數(shù)形式。

　　2. sums—改成figures。sums 表示“總和”，但后面列舉了一些具體數(shù)字，與總和并無多大關(guān)系。因此sums應(yīng)改為figures。figures意即“數(shù)字”。

　　3. on—at。表示“在„„水平上”時(shí)，level 前須用介詞at。

　　4. more—less。more A than B意即“與其說B，倒不如說A”而less A than B則表示與其說A，倒不如說B”。根據(jù)上下文，此處more應(yīng)改為less。

　　5. concentrating—concentration。 and前后成分應(yīng)對等，由于and前面是名詞，其后面也應(yīng)該用名詞。因此concentrating應(yīng)改為concentration。

　　6. that—which。這兒which用來指代前面的整個(gè)句子。

　　7. flickered—flickering，flicker為不及物動(dòng)詞，不宜使用過去分詞形式作定語，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語。

　　8. dealt—deals。該文章主要采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此dealt應(yīng)改為得deals。

　　9. impossibly —impossible。render sth + adj為一常用結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“使„„如何”。如果其中賓語太長，可將其后置。顯然impossibly 應(yīng)改為impossible

　　10.on—to。pay tribute to sb/sth，系常用短語，意即“稱贊某人⁄某物”。故on應(yīng)改為to。

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