下面是范文網(wǎng)小編收集的老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE27共6篇，以供借鑒。

老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE27共1

　　51) nect, nex, 含義是“捆扎” connect, disconnect, annex(合并)

　　52) not, 含義是“記號(hào)，注意” note, denote, annotation(注釋)

　　53) onom, onym, 含義是“名字” synonym, antonym, anonymous

　　54) pair, par, 含義是“a)相同，對(duì)等b)準(zhǔn)備” compare, prepare

　　55) pel, puls, 含義是“追逐” expel, impel(推進(jìn))

　　56) pend, pens, pond, 含義是“懸掛” depend, independent, expense(支付)

　　57) phon, 含義是“聲音” symphony, telephone, microphone

　　58) plac, 含義是“位置，場(chǎng)所” place, replace

　　59) peopl, popul, publ, 含義是“人民，民眾” public, republic, popular, people

　　60) port, 含義是“搬運(yùn)” export, import, deport(輸送)

　　61) press, 含義是“壓，壓制” pressure, express, oppress, impression

　　62) prob, proof, prov, 含義是“實(shí)驗(yàn)，驗(yàn)證” prove, approve,

　　63) quer, quest, quir, quis, 含義是“尋找，探問(wèn)” inquiry, question, inquisition(調(diào)查，追究)

　　64) rang, rank, 含義是“排列” arrange, rank,

　　65) rect, right, rig, 含義是“正，直” correct, direct, erect

　　66) riv, 含義是“河流，流遠(yuǎn)”，river, arrive, derive

　　67) rupt, 含義是“破壞，毀壞” eruption, bankrupt, corruption

　　68) sci, 含義是“認(rèn)識(shí)，知識(shí)” science, conscious

　　69) scrib, script, 含義是“書(shū)寫(xiě)，記錄” describe, script

　　70) sens, sent, 含義是“感覺(jué)，情感” sensation, sentiment

　　71) sign, 含義是“標(biāo)記，符號(hào)” signal, signature, design

　　72) sembl, simil, 含義是“相似，類(lèi)似” similar, resemble, assimilate(同化)

　　73) soci, 含義是“結(jié)合，社交” social, association

　　74) spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含義是“看，視” inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respect

　　75) struct, 含義是“建筑，構(gòu)造” structure, construct, instruct, destruction

　　76) tect, teg, 含義是“遮蔽，掩蓋” detect, protect

　　77) temp, tens, 含義是“時(shí)間，時(shí)機(jī)” tense, contemporary, temporal

　　78) tend, tes, tent, 含義是“傾向, 伸張” tendency, intension, extend, intend

　　79) test, 含義是“證明，證實(shí)” testify, protest, contest(爭(zhēng)論)

　　80) text, 含義是“編織， 構(gòu)成” textile, texture, context

　　81) tract, trail, 含義是“拖拉，吸引” attract, tractor, abstract, contract(收縮)

　　82) tribut, 含義是“給予” contribution, distribute

　　83) us, ut, 含義是“用，使用” usable, utilize, abuse

　　84) vac, van, 含義是“空，虛” vacancy, vanity, evacuate(清空)

　　85) vad, vas, wad, 含義是“走，去” invade, wade, evade(逃避)

　　86) vers, vert, 含義是“旋轉(zhuǎn)，反轉(zhuǎn)” convert, inversion(倒轉(zhuǎn))， reverse, divert(使轉(zhuǎn)向)

　　87) vid, vis, vey, view, 含義是“觀(guān)看，看見(jiàn)” television, visible, evident, interview, survey

　　88) viv, vit, 含義是“生，活” vivid, vital, survival,

　　89) war, ward, 含義是“注意，保護(hù)” aware, wary(謹(jǐn)慎)， ward(守護(hù))

　　90) way, 含義是“路” way, away, subway, always

　　老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE 30

老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE27共2

　　老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE 16

　　The first flying vertebrates were true reptiles in which one of the fingers of the front limbs became very elongated, providing support for a flap of stretched skin that served as a wing. These were the pterosaurs, literally the “winged lizards.” The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era, some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur, and they presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds. Like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders, not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion.

　　Birds, despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs, evolved quite separately and have been much more successful in their dominance of the air. They are an example of a common theme in evolution, the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason — in this case, for flight. Although the fossil record, as always, is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like, it is better in this case than for many other animal groups. That is because of the unusual preservation in a limestone quarry in southern Germany of Archaeopteryx, a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds. Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. They have the skull and teeth of a reptile as well as a bony tail, but in the line-grained limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that Archaeopteryx was a bird. All birds living today, from the great condors of the Andes to the tiniest wrens, trace their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs.

　　1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Characteristics of pterosaur wings

(B) The discovery of fossil remains of Archaeopteryx

(C) Reasons for the extinction of early flying vertebrates

(D) The development of flight in reptiles and birds

　　2. Which of the following is true of early reptile wings?

(A) They evolved from strong limb muscles.

(B) They consisted of an extension of skin.

(C) They connected the front and back limbs.

(D) They required fingers of equal length.

　　3. The word “l(fā)iterally” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) creating

(B) meaning

(C) related to

(D) simplified

　　4. It can be inferred from the passage that birds were probably dominant in the skies

(A) in the early Triassic period

(B) before the appearance of pterosaurs

(C) after the decline of pterosaurs

(D) before dinosaurs could be found on land.

　　5. The author mentions airplanes in line 8 in order to

(A) illustrate the size of wingspans in some pterosaurs

(B) compare the energy needs of dinosaurs with those of modern machines

(C) demonstrate the differences between mechanized flight and animal flight

(D) establish the practical applications of the study of fossils

　　6. The word “They” in line 10 refers to

(A) powerful muscles

(B) bodies

(C) jaws

(D) flying reptiles

　　7. According to the passage , pterosaurs were probably “not skillful fliers” (lines 10-11) because

(A) of their limited wingspan

(B) of their disproportionately large bodies

(C) they lacked muscles needed for extended flight

(D) climate conditions of the time provided insufficient wind power

　　8. In paragraph 2, the author discusses the development of flight in birds as resulting from

(A) a similarity in body structure to pterosaurs

(B) an evolution from pterosaurs

(C) the dominance of birds and pterosaurs over land animals

(D) a separate but parallel development process to that of pterosaurs

　　9. The word “classified” in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) perfected

(B) replaced

(C) categorized

(D) protected

　　10. Which of the following helped researchers determine that Archaeopteryx was not a dinosaur?

(A) Its tail

(B) Its teeth

(C) The shape of its skull

(D) Details of its bone structure

　　11. What is the significance of the discovery that was made in southern Germany?

(A) It is thought to demonstrate that birds evolved from dinosaurs.

(B) It is proof that the climate and soils of Europe have changed over time.

(C) It suggests that dinosaurs were dominant in areas rich in limestone.

(D) It supports the theory that Archaeopteryx was apowerful dinosaur.

　　正確答案：DBBCA DCDCDA

　　托福閱讀的實(shí)用技巧整理

　　首先，無(wú)論什么技巧都必須要有基本的單詞量做基礎(chǔ)。沒(méi)人喜歡背單詞，但是只有有足夠的單詞量才能應(yīng)對(duì)托福閱讀中的各種層出不窮的問(wèn)題。用的是誰(shuí)的單詞書(shū)其實(shí)沒(méi)有多大分別，你只要認(rèn)認(rèn)真真的把一本單詞書(shū)背個(gè)70%，那也就差不多了，托福閱讀的主要考察對(duì)象不是單詞，只是透過(guò)單詞來(lái)表達(dá)一種意思，只要你能猜出來(lái)這種意思并且在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上把題答對(duì)，那么，對(duì)少單詞都不是問(wèn)題。

　　其次，對(duì)于難句長(zhǎng)句的理解。還是要明白大意就好，但是要能夠根據(jù)大意準(zhǔn)確定位找到答案。大家可以專(zhuān)門(mén)找些難句和長(zhǎng)句來(lái)進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的練習(xí)。把那些句子反復(fù)讀，反復(fù)看，看上十幾遍，覺(jué)得很通順、覺(jué)得句子寫(xiě)得很好自己以后也要這么寫(xiě)了才算好。速度慢不是問(wèn)題，但是堅(jiān)持下來(lái)，大家對(duì)難句和長(zhǎng)句的理解能力就好冥想提高。

　　再次，大家在專(zhuān)門(mén)練習(xí)托福閱讀題的時(shí)候，還是多看看OG，OG是非常有指向性的，而且那上面說(shuō)的一些小技巧還是不錯(cuò)的。Delta上的題目要難一些，主要是有一些題目需要考生進(jìn)行引申、做一些文學(xué)上的理解，當(dāng)然這些在托福中是不會(huì)出現(xiàn)的。所以做題的時(shí)候不要想得太復(fù)雜，第一感覺(jué)是什么就選什么，很有效。

　　托福閱讀詞匯的積累練習(xí)

　　mores 風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣

　　submit 屈從;提交;主張，認(rèn)為

　　Backfire 產(chǎn)生反效果;逆火

　　speculate 推測(cè);思索;投機(jī)(venture)

　　wield 行使(權(quán)利);揮舞(寶劍)

　　recreation 再創(chuàng)造; 消遣，娛樂(lè)

　　peer 同等人，同輩人;凝視

　　project 預(yù)測(cè);凸出;投擲，發(fā)射;計(jì)劃

　　mitigate減輕，緩和

　　negate 否認(rèn)

　　familial 家庭的

　　vain 無(wú)用的，虛榮的

　　vein 面紗; 掩飾

　　Bound n. 范圍 v. 跳躍;以…為界;bind的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞

　　Be bound to do 必定，一定

　　rationale 基本原理，論據(jù)

　　launch 開(kāi)始，發(fā)動(dòng);發(fā)射

　　supplant = in place of 代替

　　retain 保留

　　status quo 現(xiàn)狀

　　downplay 低估，貶低

　　radical 詞根，激進(jìn)分子; 根本的;激進(jìn)的

　　conviction 信念;定罪

　　credit 功勞，聲望，信任

　　appeal to 求助于

　　gloss 掩飾;使有光澤

　　explain away 搪塞，把…解釋過(guò)去

　　complementary 補(bǔ)充的

　　complimentary 稱(chēng)贊的，問(wèn)候的

　　indefensible 站不住腳的

　　misgiving 疑慮

　　dissent 異議，不同意

　　dispense with 免除

　　exempt 免除

　　shun 避開(kāi)

　　identity 身份，本體; 同一性，完全相同;特性

　　sustain 維持; 遭受; 忍耐

　　contend 主張，聲稱(chēng);爭(zhēng)論 (n. contention)

　　object n. 物體 v.反對(duì) (objection n.反對(duì))

　　objective n. 目標(biāo); adj.客觀(guān)的

　　dispose 處理，處置;安排，使用

　　except that 只是，只可惜;除了

　　fanciful 幻想的，想象中的

　　apprehend 領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解; 逮捕; 憂(yōu)慮

　　whereupon 于是，因此

　　administer 實(shí)施;給與;服用(藥);管理

　　formulate 明確地表達(dá)

　　champion v. 擁護(hù); n. 冠軍

　　posit 斷定，假定

　　advance 使前進(jìn)，推進(jìn); 促進(jìn)，加速; 提出，倡導(dǎo)

　　primacy n. 首位，首要 (adj. primary)

　　老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE 16

老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE27共3

　　老托福閱讀100篇passage 33試題及答案

　　pASSAGE 33

　　researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

　　since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question What will I do after graduation? A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

　　a decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?

　　1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.

(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions

(C) Research on how people make decisions

(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making

　　2. The word essential in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) introductory

(B) changeable

(C) beneficial

(D) fundamental

　　3. The word pertinent in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) relevant

(B) preceding

(C) insightful

(D) responsive

　　4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?

(A) Listing the consequences of each solution

(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution

(C) Deciding which consequences are most important

(D) Writing down all possible solutions

　　5. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that

(A) has the fewest variables to consider

(B) uses the most decision worksheets

(C) has the most points assigned to it

(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people

　　6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of

(A) describing a process

(B) classifying types of worksheets

(C) providing historical background

(D) explaining a theory

　　7. The author states that On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at

　　once (lines 17-18) to explain that

(A) most decisions involve seven steps

(B) human mental capacity has limitations

(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions

(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice

　　8. The word succinct in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) creative

(B) satisfactory

(C) personal

(D) concise

　　9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

(A) Proponents (line 5)

(B) Optimal (line 5)

(C) Variables (line 17)

(D) Long-range goals (line 25)

　　10. The word it in line 24 refers to

(A) worksheet

(B) problem

(C) distinction

(D) decision

　　11. The word revise in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) ask

(B) explain

(C) change

(D) predict

　　pASSAGE 33 ADADC ABDBB C

　　托福閱讀怎么抓住定位詞

　　首先介紹一下，什么是定位詞?

　　其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，打個(gè)比方，你和朋友約好了去酒吧，朋友和你說(shuō)酒吧在沈陽(yáng)新東方正對(duì)面，這個(gè)酒吧你是不知道地點(diǎn)的，也就是你的目的地;而新東方卻很熟知，那么你只需找到新東方便可以找到酒吧了。在這里新東方是已知的，就是用來(lái)定位的詞匯，而酒吧則是你的目的所在，也便是你要找的答案。

　　定位詞的稱(chēng)呼有很多，如關(guān)鍵詞，主旨詞，功能詞，中心詞等等。這些只是個(gè)名稱(chēng)罷了，含義都是一致的：一個(gè)可以根據(jù)題干回原文定位，并能夠找到出處的詞，這個(gè)題干中的詞就是定位詞 or key word。

　　定位詞有什么樣的特征?

　　定位詞總體特征：不可變性和細(xì)節(jié)性

　　不可變性：定位詞是用來(lái)定位的，所以必須找那些回原文依然不變的詞匯，才有意義。通常不用動(dòng)詞和副詞來(lái)定位。通常是名詞或充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的形容詞。

　　細(xì)節(jié)性：不要找大概念的詞匯，更不要拿代表全文主旨的詞匯來(lái)定位。換句話(huà)說(shuō)不要找那些原文一大堆的詞匯，無(wú)法定位。

　　如， 95年英國(guó)劍橋委員會(huì)British Council給出的唯一樣題文章的題目是:The Spectacular Eruption of Mount St.Helens

　　下面有一道選擇題是“ According to the text the eruption of Mount St.Helens and other volcanoes has influenced our climate by…”

　　拿這道題為例，如果大家把Mount St.Helens 作為關(guān)鍵詞回原文進(jìn)行定位，那你會(huì)郁悶致死，全文主要講的就是圣海倫斯火山的噴發(fā)，原文有N多個(gè)Mount St.Helens，所以即使這個(gè)詞屬于大寫(xiě)的專(zhuān)有名詞，但他違背了細(xì)節(jié)性，是概括性的詞匯，也不能作為定位詞來(lái)尋找答案。

　　究竟哪些詞在閱讀當(dāng)中充當(dāng)定位詞?

　　以下是定位詞的分類(lèi)：

　　1.特殊詞匯

　　在閱讀中有一些詞張的比較特殊，這種詞很容易被記住，也很容易回原文定位。

　　好比，在大街上上看到一個(gè)人光著身子跑步-------特殊難看

　　一個(gè)人的個(gè)子超高，像姚明一樣------特殊長(zhǎng)

　　一個(gè)人身上穿著10多種顏色的衣服，而且不停的搖頭-----特殊怪

　　特殊怪，特殊長(zhǎng)，特殊難

　　這三種詞就是特殊詞的所有特征，在文中看到這樣的詞，一定要警惕。如，

　　sequoia 美洲杉 ---特殊怪，很好定位，也經(jīng)常作為考點(diǎn)。

　　sodium 【化學(xué)】鈉---特殊難，大家只要知道是一種化學(xué)元素足矣。

　　simultaneous 同時(shí)的---特殊長(zhǎng)，這種詞本身的特點(diǎn)決定應(yīng)作為定位詞。

　　2.數(shù)字：通常指時(shí)間，金錢(qián)和百分比。

　　有一個(gè)道題目是這樣問(wèn)的：

“What are the dates of the TWO major eruptions before 1980?”

　　那么像1980 3185$ 69%這些詞因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)相原因，段落全是英文，突然跑出來(lái)幾個(gè)數(shù)字，十分顯眼，也就很好回原文找到他們。

　　3.專(zhuān)有名詞：斜體字，大寫(xiě)人名,地名，大寫(xiě)的專(zhuān)有名詞，這一點(diǎn)大家都很熟悉，不用多說(shuō)。

　　4.特殊符號(hào)：

　　在特殊符號(hào)里或者旁邊的詞，最好通過(guò)符號(hào)回原文進(jìn)行定位，如“paper conversation”，(three cubic miles) 這些詞本身并沒(méi)有什么特別，但放在符號(hào)里面，就可以根據(jù)符號(hào)回原文進(jìn)行尋找。

　　總之，在國(guó)外考試的閱讀中，無(wú)論是閱讀文章，還是回答后面的10幾道題目，定位詞的尋找，都是一種有效的應(yīng)試策略，更是學(xué)術(shù)文章的閱讀的重要方法。

　　托福閱讀不同題型的方法和技巧

　　一、單詞題目

　　平時(shí)注意單詞量的積累，力求達(dá)到可以隨時(shí)隨地記憶單詞的境界。其實(shí)我們?cè)谟洃泦卧~的時(shí)候也可以適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┎呗?，那就是在我們可以把自己的?cè)重點(diǎn)放在動(dòng)詞和形容詞的記憶上?？荚囘^(guò)后，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)策略的事半功倍了。此外，對(duì)于自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，我們應(yīng)該主動(dòng)回原文找同義詞，或找相關(guān)的提示信息。

　　二、找代詞指代對(duì)象的題目

　　在考試中，它們主要會(huì)以如下兩種形式出現(xiàn)。

(1)it、one、their、its、that類(lèi)，這種題目主要是考查我們對(duì)于并列關(guān)系的掌握，這時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該主動(dòng)去看這個(gè)詞所在的那整句話(huà)，從已知話(huà)中找到處于相同地位的詞。

(2)考查由that、which涉及到的定語(yǔ)從句類(lèi)，我們?cè)诿鎸?duì)這種題目時(shí)，應(yīng)該有意識(shí)的在選項(xiàng)中找從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)起者或接受者，因?yàn)橹挥羞@樣才可以邁出通向勝利的第一步。

　　三、考查文章內(nèi)容的題目

　　在歷次的托?？荚囍?，也存在著兩大主要題型，即：文章細(xì)節(jié)考查題和文章結(jié)構(gòu)考查題。

　　1、文章細(xì)節(jié)考查題

　　解答文章細(xì)節(jié)考查題，我們一般都可以回到原文中去做定位，找到相近或相似的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)而得出答案。

　　常見(jiàn)的定位有以下3種：

(1)題目本身給出定位。

(2)至少先可作出一個(gè)段落的定位。

(3)位置多夾于前后兩題位置之間。

　　2、文章結(jié)構(gòu)考查題

　　一定要注意：

(1)千萬(wàn)不要根據(jù)你讀的信息去作推理。

(2)不要把文章從頭到尾當(dāng)成一個(gè)整體，盡可能各段獨(dú)立。

(3)根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在考試中，整篇文章的最后一句出題較多，所以應(yīng)該仔細(xì)閱讀這個(gè)重要的句子。

　　以上是針對(duì)托?？荚囬喿x部分的常見(jiàn)題型做出的一些有關(guān)于考試解題方法與技巧的分項(xiàng)介紹。

　　在整個(gè)的閱讀考試中，我們還應(yīng)該了解到：

(1)在這個(gè)特殊的考試時(shí)間段內(nèi)，我們的記憶比理解更為重要，在解題的時(shí)候一定要完全忠實(shí)于原文，切忌私自做出任何的主觀(guān)臆斷。

(2)在做題步驟方面，我們可以先簡(jiǎn)讀原文(主要是各個(gè)段落的第一，二句話(huà))，而后閱讀題目，最后觀(guān)察選項(xiàng)做出判斷。值得我們特別注意的是，我們?cè)谧龀雠袛嗟臅r(shí)候，切忌不要選擇在選項(xiàng)中存在比較，而在原文中沒(méi)有明確表示過(guò)的項(xiàng)目;切忌不要去選擇那些說(shuō)法過(guò)于絕對(duì)化的選項(xiàng)。

　　老托福閱讀100篇passage 33試題及答案

老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE27共4

　　老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE 7

　　as Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as farmers from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs, vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation.

　　along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example, were popular items.

　　auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants' side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods.

　　one of the reasons Philadelphia's merchants generally prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice.

　　1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Philadelphia's agriculture importance

(B) Philadelphia's development as a marketing center

(C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia

(D) The administration of the city of Philadelphia

　　2. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because

(A) they provided more modem facilities than older markets

(B) the High Street Market was forced to close

(C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population

(D) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.

　　3. The word “hinterland ” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) tradition

(B) association

(C) produce

(D) region

　　4. The word “it” in line 6 refers to

(A) the crowded city

(B) a radius

(C) the High Street Market

(D) the period

　　5. The word “persisted” in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) returned

(B) started

(C) declined

(D) continued

　　6. According to the passage , fairs in Philadelphia were held

(A) on the same day as market says

(B) as often as possible

(C) a couple of times a year

(D) whenever the government allowed it

　　7. It can be inferred that the author mentions “Linens and stockings” in line 12 to show that they were items that

(A) retail merchants were not willing to sell

(B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia

(C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia

(D) could easily be transported

　　8. The word “eradicate” in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) eliminate

(B) exploit

(C) organize

(D) operate

　　9. What does the author mean by stating in lines 15-16 that “economic development was on the merchants' side ”?

(A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.

(B) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.

(C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence

(D) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economically successful.

　　10. The word “undergoing” in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) requesting

(B) experiencing

(C) repeating

(D) including

　　正確答案： BCDCD CBABB

　　備考托福閱讀有哪些需要注意的事項(xiàng)?

　　1、對(duì)托福閱讀題型需了解

　　托福閱讀總共包含了三篇文章，每篇文章的單詞數(shù)在650～750個(gè)單詞之間，對(duì)應(yīng)考試試題一般在12道左右，這些題目的類(lèi)型包含：總結(jié)題、圖表題、詞匯題、推斷題、修辭目的題、事實(shí)信息題等題目。托福閱讀的考試時(shí)間在60分鐘，這個(gè)時(shí)間需要你去合理的分配時(shí)間，在規(guī)定的時(shí)間把所有的題都解決掉。

　　2、托福閱讀誤區(qū)需避免

　　在托福閱讀考試中一些誤區(qū)是要同學(xué)們要必須避免的，在平常的備考練習(xí)中就要時(shí)刻謹(jǐn)記，首先在閱讀審題時(shí)不要一字不漏的都看完這樣你的時(shí)間就根本不夠用，要學(xué)會(huì)抓重點(diǎn)。其次是文章沒(méi)有看完就開(kāi)始做題，這樣整體文章說(shuō)的什么都不知道，想做對(duì)題那就更難了。第三是懼怕生詞，做題難免會(huì)遇到生詞，這時(shí)也不要緊張，通過(guò)上下文的分析找到正確答案是沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的。

　　3、掌握解題技巧

　　除了了解托福閱讀考什么外，掌握解題技巧也是拿到滿(mǎn)意托福成績(jī)的關(guān)鍵。托福解題技巧能夠讓你在解答過(guò)程中除了節(jié)省時(shí)間外正確率也是非常高的。首先做閱讀的前提是英語(yǔ)單詞得認(rèn)識(shí)，在掌握了托福閱讀做題方法之前，單詞的記憶是必修課，提高詞匯量是提高閱讀成績(jī)的基礎(chǔ)。很多同學(xué)在做閱讀時(shí)先讀文章每段的首句，然后再看考試題目，再找出文章的托福閱讀應(yīng)對(duì)試題。這需要同學(xué)們找到適合自己的解題方法來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)解題。

　　托福閱讀的十大題型特點(diǎn)整理

　　一、列舉和并列句

　　列舉指的是： First,... Second,... Third,.。。等逐條列出。并列句是指：A ，B and C，即逐項(xiàng)列出。它們共同的特征是列出二點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)以上的條目。該類(lèi)型語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)?？嫉念}型是“細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題”，主要有兩種：

　　1. Which 題型

　　該題型只要求從并列的三頂中選一項(xiàng)作為答案，其它條目與題目無(wú)關(guān)。在這種情況下，往往題目的答案出自最后一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

　　2 . EXCEPT 題型

　　該題型俗稱(chēng)“三缺一”題型，即題目 4 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)符合文章內(nèi)容，剩下一個(gè)不符合，題目便是要求選出這個(gè)不符合文章內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。例如： All of the following are mentioned as types of evidence concerning handedness EXCEPT 這種題型只適合于考并列、列舉句，這是因?yàn)樗笃淙齻€(gè)選項(xiàng)一定是文章中出現(xiàn)的，也就是并列或列舉之處。利用這一特點(diǎn)。我們?cè)谧x文章的時(shí)候就可多留意，如看到并列、列舉句，可預(yù)想其有可能被考到;如發(fā)現(xiàn)題目中有“三缺一”題型，則應(yīng)到并列、列舉處找答案。

　　二、否定及轉(zhuǎn)折句

　　托福聽(tīng)力段落題型及解題要點(diǎn)

　　如何用逆向搜索法得高分

　　如何提高托福聽(tīng)力水平

　　否定句是指帶有 NO 或 NOT ， NEVER 等否定詞的句子，而轉(zhuǎn)折句則指帶有 HOWEVER ， BUT 或RATHER 等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的句子，它們可以用下面的句型說(shuō)明： A is not B ， as C ， but is D 。對(duì)于以上的句型常出“推斷性問(wèn)題”。

　　三、舉例句

　　句中由 as 或 such as ， for example 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或句子為舉例句，?？肌巴茢嘈詥?wèn)題”和“細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題”。上面句型中的 as C 為插入的舉例句。

　　四、數(shù)字與年代

　　文中的數(shù)字、年代、日期等常常是出題者注意的考題點(diǎn)，如 年 10 月第 48 題。

　　五、最高級(jí)及絕對(duì)性詞匯

　　文章中若出現(xiàn) must ， all ， only ， anyone ， always ， never 等絕對(duì)性詞匯或 first ， most beautiful 等最高級(jí)詞匯，往往是考題要點(diǎn)，一般出“細(xì)節(jié)性題目”。這是因?yàn)樗鼈兌加幸粋€(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)，那就是 概念絕對(duì) ， 答案唯一 ，無(wú)論是出題還是做題，不會(huì)產(chǎn)出歧義和疑問(wèn)，因此很容易出題，答案絕對(duì)正確。相反地，如果文章中出現(xiàn)相對(duì)性的詞匯、例如 Some of the people chose red hats,some chose green hats,and others blue ones. 其中 some 為相對(duì)性詞匯，如果我們出這樣一道題： What color hats did some people choose 那么就沒(méi)有唯一正確的答案，因?yàn)橛锌赡転?red,green 或 blue ，給評(píng)卷帶來(lái)困難。

　　六、比較級(jí)及比喻

　　如果文中含有 more than 或 as as ，like ( a fly )等句型，則為比較級(jí)或比喻句結(jié)構(gòu)，往往也是考題點(diǎn)，一般出“推斷性題目”。

　　七、同位語(yǔ)及插入語(yǔ)

　　文章中帶有由 that is ，i.e. ，or 等詞匯引導(dǎo)的名詞詞組，放在一個(gè)名詞后面，為同位語(yǔ);插入語(yǔ)是指副詞、不定式、分詞、從句等結(jié)構(gòu)故在句首，句中或句尾，不做句子成分，但修飾整個(gè)句子、表達(dá)作者感情的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。 這些用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)的持殊結(jié)構(gòu)往往也是考查的重點(diǎn)，一般會(huì)出“細(xì)節(jié)性題目”。

　　八、因果句

　　句中若有如下結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯的稱(chēng)為因果句：

(1) 因果連詞：because，since，for，as，therefore，so，consequently 等

(2)表示因果的動(dòng)詞：cause ，result in ，originate from 等;

(3) 表示因果的名詞： base, basis, result,consequence 等，這些因果句都是指明某兩個(gè)事件之間因果關(guān)系的，尤為出題者所青陳。因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)出題可以考查文中兩個(gè)事件內(nèi)在的因果關(guān)系。此種句型一般出“推斷性問(wèn)題”。

　　九、段落句

　　文章各段第一句( 段首句 )和末段員后一句( 文尾句 )都是十分重要的地方，往往是文章作者表達(dá)中思想，進(jìn)行總結(jié)綜述的地方，因此常出(1)主題性問(wèn)題，(2)細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題(3)結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題。

　　十、特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)

　　有一些特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)的含義也屬于考查范圍，它們是：

(1) 破折號(hào)，表示解釋。考細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題;

(2) 括號(hào)，表示解釋?？技?xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題;

(3) 冒號(hào)，一股同上，有時(shí)冒號(hào)也表示列舉，則考“ EXCEPT ”題目;

(4) 引號(hào)。表示引用，考細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題：

(5) 驚嘆號(hào)，表示作者感情，考態(tài)度性問(wèn)題。

　　托福閱讀的科學(xué)練習(xí)方法

　　科學(xué)的閱讀方法

　　關(guān)于閱讀方法只是對(duì)在有限時(shí)間內(nèi)有效閱讀托福文章的方法進(jìn)行一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的介紹。閱讀技巧，特別是速度技巧中，有兩個(gè)重要的方法:Skimming&Scanning.

　　skimming是只看主要大意的速讀。一篇文章的大意是有重點(diǎn)的。比如，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)first second的這種歸類(lèi)總結(jié)的地方，或because，as a result這樣的因果關(guān)系，或是 but，however的語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)折處，都需要格外留心。托福文章講述主要觀(guān)點(diǎn)之后通常會(huì)有for example來(lái)佐證，如果看懂了主要觀(guān)點(diǎn)，那么對(duì)示例所用的時(shí)間和精力就不需要太多了。Skimming的技巧在第一遍閱讀文章意圖抓住文章大意時(shí)是非常重要的。

　　scanning是“掃描”，但具體到閱讀中，大家最熟悉的莫過(guò)于查詞典時(shí)。在有意識(shí)地去查某個(gè)生詞的時(shí)候，我們不會(huì)去把它所在的頁(yè)上每一個(gè)字都看一遍才找到想要的。幾乎眼睛對(duì)詞典中的一頁(yè)掃一下，腦中只有要找的字，看到它，其他的地方都像沒(méi)有看到一樣。在托福的閱讀中，scanning的技巧在回答問(wèn)題時(shí)，根據(jù)題干中問(wèn)到的內(nèi)容，在文章中scan，可以幫助考生準(zhǔn)確地定位，找到答案。

　　托福的文章長(zhǎng)度大多在300-400字之間。以平均每篇讀10分鐘計(jì)算，按照每分鐘閱讀150字的速度，一篇文章從頭到尾通讀，至少需2-3分鐘。這可了解文章的大意，但不一定保證讀得透徹。在第一遍通讀的過(guò)程中，考生不要期望每個(gè)字都一定要理解，遇到不懂的字不必多逗留或苦思冥想可能的意思，這樣會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。只需一直往下看，用前面介紹到的skimming原則，掌握文章的主旨即可。這個(gè)過(guò)程中，文章的第一段，尤其是每段的第一句話(huà)往往起著提綱挈領(lǐng)或起承轉(zhuǎn)合的作用，是閱讀時(shí)要多留心的地方。

　　老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE 7

老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE27共5

　　1) aer, ar, 含義是“空氣，大氣” aeroplane, aerial,

　　2) ag, act, ig, 含義是“做，動(dòng)作” active, agent, reaction,

　　3) alt, 含義是“高”， altitude,

　　4) alter, altern, altr, 含義是“其它，變更” alternate,

　　5) bio, bi, bion, 含義是“生物，生命” biology, bionics(仿生學(xué))

　　6) brev, bri, brief, 含義是“短” brief, abbreviation, abridge(節(jié)略)

　　7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含義是“取，獲” capture, except, concept, capacity

　　8) ced, ceed, cess, 含義是“行，讓步” proceed, succeed, excess(過(guò)度)

　　9) centr, centr, 含義是“中心” concentrate, eccentric(偏心的)

　　10) clain, clam, 含義是“呼喊” claim, proclaim, exclaim

　　11) clos, clud, 含義是“閉合” conclude, enclose, include

　　12) col, cult, 含義是“耕耘” colony, cultivate, agriculture

　　13) cor, cord, 含義是“心” cordial, record, accord

　　14) curr, cur, cour, 含義是“跑，動(dòng)作” current, occur, concurrence(同時(shí)發(fā)生)

　　15) dic, dict, 含義是“說(shuō)，示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict

　　16) doc, doct, 含義是“教” doctor, document.nbsp

　　17) duc, duct含義是“引導(dǎo)，傳導(dǎo)” introduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推論)

　　18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含義是“做，創(chuàng)造” factory, effect, profit, faculty, perfect

　　19) fend, fens, 含義是“打，擊” defence, offence

　　20) fer, 含義是“搬運(yùn)，移轉(zhuǎn)” ferry, transfer, defer(遲延)

　　21) fin, finit, 含義是“終，極” final, finish, confine

　　22) firm, 含義是“堅(jiān)固” firm, confirm, affirm(斷定)

　　23) fix, 含義是“固定” prefix, affix(附加)

　　24) flect, flex, 含義是“彎曲” flexible, reflex

　　25) flor, flour, flower, 含義是“花” flower, flourish

　　26) form, 含義是“形” uniform, formula, transform, reform, deform

　　27) forc, fort, 含義是“力，強(qiáng)度” force, enforce, effort

　　28) gen, genit, 含義是“生產(chǎn)，發(fā)生” generate, generation

　　29) gram, graph, 含義是“書(shū)寫(xiě)，記錄” telegram, diagram, photograph

　　30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含義是“步，階段” gradually, degree, progress

　　31) hab, habit, hibit, 含義是“保持，住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit

　　32) her, hes, 含義是“粘附” adhere, cohesion

　　33) ject, jet, 含義是“拋射” project, inject

　　34) jour, 含義是“日，一天” journal(日記), journey, adjourn(延期)

　　35) jug, junct, 含義是“結(jié)合，連合” conjunction, junction(連合)

　　36) labour, labor, 含義是“勞動(dòng)，工作” labourer, elaborate, collaborate

　　37) lect, leg, lig, 含義是“挑選，采集” collect, select, lecture

　　38) lif, liv, 含義是“生活，生存” life, alive, live

　　39) loc, 含義是“場(chǎng)所，位置” location, dislocate(脫位)

　　40) long, leng, ling, 含義是“長(zhǎng)的” length, prolong, linger

　　41) loqu, locut, 含義是“說(shuō)話(huà)” colloquial, eloquent,

　　42) mand, mend, 含義是“命令” command, demand, recommend

　　43) man, manu, 含義是“手，手法” manage, manual

　　44) memor, menber, 含義是“記憶” memory, remember, memorial

　　45) mind, ment, 含義是“心” mind, remind, mental

　　46) merc, merch, 含義是“貿(mào)易” commerce, merchant

　　47) meas, mens, meter, metr, 含義是“測(cè)量，度量” measure, meter, diameter

　　48) min, 含義是“小” diminish, minority

　　49) miss, mit, 含義是“派遣，送” mission, dismiss, transmit, missile

　　50) mob, mot, mov, 含義是“動(dòng)” movement, motion, mobile, remove

老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE27共6

　　老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE 6

　　potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the other being soda, sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from the early Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being the product of heating a mixture of alkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in the communities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed.

　　potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or soap-making either would do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain Mediterranean sea plants, potash from those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlers of the North American continent.

　　The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of the economy of colonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It was required for the glassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in sufficient quantity to permit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of Jamestown. The second ship to arrive in the settlement from England included among its passengers experts in potash making.

　　The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs was piled up and burned in the open, and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and water was poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. The resulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash.

　　in North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of land for agriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be recovered by the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly of shipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts “to encourage the making of potash,” beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of the substance.

　　1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How it was made

(B) Its value as a product for export

(C) How it differs from other alkalis

(D) Its importance in colonial North America

　　2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXPECT:

(A) They are alkalis.

(B) They are made from sea plants.

(C) They are used in making soap.

(D) They are used in making glass.

　　3. They phrase “the latter” in line 4 refers to

(A) alkali

(B) glass

(C) sand

(D) soap

　　4. The word “stressed” in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) defined

(B) emphasized

(C) adjusted

(D) mentioned

　　5. The word “interchangeable” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) convenient

(B) identifiable

(C) equivalent

(D) advantageous

　　6. It can be inferred from the passage that potash was more common than soda in colonial North America because

(A) the materials needed for making soda were not readily available

(B) making potash required less time than making soda

(C) potash was better than soda for making glass and soap

(D) the colonial glassworks found soda more difficult to use

　　7. According to paragraph 4, all of the following were needed for making potash EXCEPT

(A) wood

(B) fire

(C) sand

(D) water

　　8. The word “adjunct” in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) addition

(B) answer

(C) problem

(D) possibility

　　9. According to the passage , a major benefit of making potash was that

(A) it could be exported to Europe in exchange for other goods

(B) it helped finance the creation of farms

(C) it could be made with a variety of materials

(D) stimulated the development of new ways of glassmaking

　　10. According to paragraph 5, the softwoods in the South posed which of the following problems for southern settles?

(A) The softwoods were not very plentiful.

(B) The softwoods could not be used to build houses.

(C) The softwoods were not very marketable.

(D) The softwoods were not very useful for making potash.

　　正確答案： DBDBC ACABD

　　托福閱讀的滿(mǎn)分訓(xùn)練方法

　　1.詞匯

　　從某種意義上來(lái)講，詞匯量的大小是TOEFL閱讀理解高分的基礎(chǔ)和關(guān)鍵。如果詞匯量沒(méi)有達(dá)到基本要求(五千以上)，縱然你有“葵花寶典”在手，也只能命喪ETS的“毒招”之下。所以，以犧牲詞匯量為代價(jià)的技巧練習(xí)簡(jiǎn)直是一味巨毒無(wú)比。

　　2.通過(guò)練習(xí)使學(xué)生養(yǎng)成高效的閱讀方法——即所謂的閱讀技巧

　　TOEFL的閱讀量非常大，一般的中國(guó)考生根本無(wú)法把文章全部讀完，所謂的“掃讀法”、“跳讀法”和“略讀法”也只能適用于少數(shù)類(lèi)型的文章，根本不能解決本質(zhì)問(wèn)題。那么，文章到底應(yīng)該怎么讀法呢?一句話(huà)，主動(dòng)地閱讀文章的關(guān)鍵部位。所謂主動(dòng)是指不能象一般的閱讀那樣完全被動(dòng)地接受信息，而應(yīng)該不斷的進(jìn)行思考和預(yù)測(cè);所謂關(guān)鍵部位，主要是每一段的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾部分。由于TOEFL的閱讀理解文章全部選自于正式出版物，文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)非常完整和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，而且出現(xiàn)的邏輯模式也是屈指可數(shù)。經(jīng)過(guò)系統(tǒng)的訓(xùn)練，考生的預(yù)測(cè)可以做到非常準(zhǔn)確的程度。這樣，通過(guò)閱讀文章的幾處關(guān)鍵部位，就能很快地把握整個(gè)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，也就解決了問(wèn)題的70%.

　　3.解題訓(xùn)練

　　排除法恐怕是一直以來(lái)大多數(shù)學(xué)生在解閱讀理題目時(shí)使用最多的方法。事實(shí)上，這種方法具有致命的缺點(diǎn)：干擾大、費(fèi)時(shí)間。更有效和迅速的辦法是讀完題干之后，就在腦子反映出一個(gè)模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在選項(xiàng)中尋找接近的答案進(jìn)行判斷。這種能力必須在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練和講解中逐漸養(yǎng)成和加強(qiáng)，決非什么技巧之類(lèi)的東西可以替代。

　　除了上述三方面的訓(xùn)練之外，如果能夠?qū)σ恍┗镜谋尘爸R(shí)加以補(bǔ)充的話(huà)，更能確保閱讀理解的準(zhǔn)確率和速度。

　　怎么提高閱讀理解分?jǐn)?shù)?

　　所以對(duì)于這部分考生，大家備考時(shí)就要特別注意托福閱讀的題型以及主題的練習(xí)，這樣才能_你的托福閱讀考試總是低分的尷尬，下面小編就帶大家一起來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)一下托福閱讀的題型及主題，希望對(duì)大家有幫助。

　　1、題型——注重解題方法

　　托福閱讀10種題型，除最后的小結(jié)題外大都屬于考查文章細(xì)節(jié)的題目。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位是至關(guān)重要的一步，然后就是理解。此時(shí)如果詞匯量太小怎么辦?事實(shí)上做閱讀我們永遠(yuǎn)要牢記的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中體現(xiàn)了，

　　比如：The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops.

　　這個(gè)句子較長(zhǎng)，其中有which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，還有hunted… 這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)，而解題時(shí)我們只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多數(shù)同學(xué)在做題時(shí)有個(gè)習(xí)慣就是看到一句話(huà)后就開(kāi)始逐詞閱讀，甚至試圖把它翻譯成中文，這可謂“兵家大忌”。

　　遇到一句話(huà)先抓主干，遇到整段記得掃描段落有無(wú)顯眼的連詞，舉例信號(hào)詞等，瀏覽每段的主題句。

　　再說(shuō)一下小結(jié)題，大多數(shù)考生的切膚之痛。一是做到最后一題時(shí)時(shí)間已所剩無(wú)幾，二是最后一題是對(duì)全文的主要內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，相對(duì)復(fù)雜。

　　在課堂中，我一再向?qū)W生強(qiáng)調(diào)把握全文結(jié)構(gòu)及大意的重要性，而如何去把握?

　　一是做題之前可大概瀏覽文章的標(biāo)題及每段首句。作為學(xué)術(shù)性的閱讀文章，首句基本都是主題句。尤其是總分結(jié)構(gòu)的文章，比如練習(xí)題6中的Infantile Amnesia, 雖然文章較難理解，但是文中明確提出了三種觀(guān)點(diǎn)first，second，third… 那么此類(lèi)文章小結(jié)題的選項(xiàng)太顯而易見(jiàn)了。再者，文章的每段會(huì)對(duì)應(yīng)出2-3道題，那么題目中對(duì)應(yīng)的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。從這兩點(diǎn)就可以很快了解文章的主要內(nèi)容。所以在進(jìn)行練習(xí)題練習(xí)時(shí)，做題雖不可或缺，但還要注意多加練習(xí)快速閱讀文章的能力。

　　2、主題——增加背景知識(shí)

　　有部分學(xué)生反映做閱讀時(shí)很難投入進(jìn)去，有一點(diǎn)原因就是對(duì)于文章所述內(nèi)容太過(guò)陌生，如果你對(duì)其略知一二，相信定會(huì)有所不同。比如練習(xí)題中有篇文章講到化學(xué)元素周期表，對(duì)于高中生來(lái)說(shuō)再熟悉不過(guò)了，閱讀的時(shí)候半讀半猜，估計(jì)也可以理解的八九不離十了。

　　若考試準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間充足，可以多加涉獵，擴(kuò)充自己的知識(shí)背景;若時(shí)間緊張，則需搞定練習(xí)題套題。根據(jù)文章記憶單詞，并不是文章中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁瑣的專(zhuān)有名詞跳過(guò)即可。主要記憶的當(dāng)然是一些動(dòng)詞、名詞及形容詞，尤其是出現(xiàn)在句子主干中，與解題有關(guān)的詞匯。

　　除了詞匯，應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)分析題干及題目，比如題干中出現(xiàn)了effect，conclusion之類(lèi)的詞，其實(shí)已經(jīng)界定了我們尋找的范圍——段落靠后的部分，還有就是觀(guān)點(diǎn)性和總結(jié)性的句子永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)是考察的重點(diǎn)所在。做題的時(shí)候?qū)W會(huì)分析原文和選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行對(duì)比，比如句子簡(jiǎn)化題，做一題需要看五個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，似乎很花費(fèi)時(shí)間，但并不需要每個(gè)句子都要細(xì)看，而是先明確原句的邏輯及主干，抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)與原句進(jìn)行比較。

　　例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them.

　　原句是因果邏輯的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.接著來(lái)看選項(xiàng)：A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 顯然是因果倒置了，毫不猶豫地滅掉;C. 因?yàn)榇诉x項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)比較not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一個(gè)核心詞，而原文中是修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞spectacularly，并未進(jìn)行比較，二話(huà)不說(shuō)也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 這原因里怎么多出來(lái)一項(xiàng)啊，擄袖子攆人吧!

　　管中窺豹，可見(jiàn)一斑。由此例可見(jiàn)找關(guān)鍵，作分析可幫助我們快速并且準(zhǔn)確的找出選項(xiàng)。值得注意的一點(diǎn)是：無(wú)論解題方法多么巧妙，離開(kāi)了大量的練習(xí)就是“無(wú)本之源”。

　　如何備考托福閱讀?

　　一、托福閱讀答題順序錯(cuò)誤

　　順序影響速度，進(jìn)而影響考試得分。

　　考生在托福閱讀答題時(shí)究竟是先看文章還是先讀題，就跟“先有雞還是先有蛋”的問(wèn)題一樣難解，若你還沒(méi)有找到一個(gè)較合理的做題順序，不妨按照下面的流程來(lái)：

　　先看題，再看每道題目標(biāo)示出的其對(duì)應(yīng)的段落，并在該段中進(jìn)行考點(diǎn)定位，閱讀，最終選出答案。這樣比較容易取得托福閱讀高分。

　　二、托福閱讀答題思路錯(cuò)誤

　　常聽(tīng)學(xué)生說(shuō)“這道題做錯(cuò)是因?yàn)槲耶?dāng)時(shí)想多了”。托福閱讀的選項(xiàng)之間意思很貼近。而托福閱讀基本是在考paraphrase(釋義)。

　　那么在做題的時(shí)候一定要注意：答案都是在文中能直接找的到的，不要去做任何推斷，哪怕是所謂的推斷題。

　　三、托福閱讀答題技巧運(yùn)用不熟練

　　首先，我們做題時(shí)要時(shí)刻保持主動(dòng)性。這里的主動(dòng)是指在讀文章的時(shí)候應(yīng)主動(dòng)思考并預(yù)判下文以及出題點(diǎn)。并且這招也是很多高分學(xué)員分享的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。那么，“采取主動(dòng)預(yù)判的做題方式，能夠幫助你更快的完成題目”這就是一種做題技巧。

　　不過(guò)，知道了技巧和會(huì)運(yùn)用可是兩碼事。如何熟練的運(yùn)用?要做系統(tǒng)的訓(xùn)練：托福閱讀的每篇文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)都是很?chē)?yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)模⑶疫@種嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)倪壿嬆Ｊ揭彩乔缚蓴?shù)。

　　四、閱讀核心基本功-單詞量不夠

　　很多25/26分的學(xué)生刷了數(shù)次托福閱讀依舊沒(méi)有滿(mǎn)分，分析原因發(fā)現(xiàn)他們有一個(gè)共性，那就是單詞背的不扎實(shí)。單詞不過(guò)關(guān)，很容易對(duì)題目和文章內(nèi)容的理解產(chǎn)生偏差。因?yàn)槟阒挥锌炊?，才?huì)明白題意，才知道如何答題。不以詞匯量為基礎(chǔ)的所有做題技巧都是不可靠的。所以還是得踏踏實(shí)實(shí)背單詞!

　　老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE 6

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