下面是范文網(wǎng)小編分享的5大技巧助你看懂GRE閱讀生詞推薦7篇，供大家參考。
5大技巧助你看懂GRE閱讀生詞推薦1
GRE閱讀如何應(yīng)對生詞難詞問題
1. 下定義法
這個(gè)方法在GRE閱讀考試中的運(yùn)用還是很普遍的，多用于描述一個(gè)新專業(yè)，新領(lǐng)域，新單詞。而且在文章首段出現(xiàn)的頻率最高，因?yàn)槲恼率锥瓮ǔ６际菫楸疚脑掝}或標(biāo)題下定義。
例：Archaeology is partly the discovery of the treasures of the past， partly the careful workof the scientific analyst， partly the exercise of the creative imagination.(“The Nature And Aims of Archaeology”) 從“is”這個(gè)詞不難發(fā)現(xiàn)后面的部分都是為archaeology下定義：對過去財(cái)物的發(fā)掘，細(xì)致的科學(xué)分析，創(chuàng)造力的想象------考古學(xué)(以-ology為后綴都是表示某門學(xué)科)。
例：Theseasonal impact of day length on physiological responses is calledphotoperiodism. (“The effects of light on plant and animal species”) “is called”的前半句也起了解釋說明的作用：日長的生理反應(yīng)稱為光周期的季節(jié)性影響。
2. 符號法
無論是練習(xí)還是?？紩r(shí)，在閱讀中我們常會發(fā)現(xiàn)某個(gè)單詞或詞組，乃至句子的前后常會出現(xiàn)一些特殊符號，比如：破折號(—)，冒號(：)，小括號，引號(“ ”)。這些符號都是幫助大家猜測生詞的線索，它們的前后通常都是對GRE閱讀詞匯的解釋和說明。
例：Generally，the rates have been modest (lower than bank rates). ( “Micro-Enterprise Creditfor Street Youth”) 括號里的部分是對其前面的modest做說明，即比銀行的利息低一些。
例：Inall cases， someone has to act as a source of language data--- informant.Informant指的是充當(dāng)語言資料來源的人。需要提示的是，經(jīng)常會在小括號里出現(xiàn)i.e， 意思是that is to say.
3. 舉例子
GRE閱讀試題經(jīng)常會在某個(gè)潛在生詞的后面，舉出一系列的例子，此時(shí)，大家可以根據(jù)例子，總結(jié)它們的共性。舉例子的一些標(biāo)志詞：for example，for instance，such as，just like，e.g.
4. 句子之間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞
句子之間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞主要分為轉(zhuǎn)折和并列，透露了兩句之間表達(dá)意思的方向性是否一致。我們完全可以通過已知的半句所表述的涵義，借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞，來推測另外半句的意思。
并列關(guān)系：and，similarly，equally，also，both … and…
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but，however，yet，instead，nevertheless，by contrast，on the other hand
例：International commerce was therefore dominated by raw materials，such as wheat，wood and ironore，or processed commodities，such as meat and steel. (“Delivering The Goods”)“or”表示或者，雖然是并列關(guān)系，但在意思上是相反的。Processed commodities不難理解是加工過的產(chǎn)品，那“or”前面的句子指的就該是沒有加工過的產(chǎn)品，即raw materials，原材料。
5. 常識和上下文
常識和上下文也是作為揣測詞義的一個(gè)有效途徑，而這里所言的常識是涉及各領(lǐng)域，學(xué)科，平時(shí)累積而成，眾所周知的知識，常理。
例：The earliest method of making fire was through friction. European peasants would insert a wooden drill in a round hole and rotate it briskly between their palms. (“How Fire Leapt to Life”) 最早的取火方式是鉆木取火，其原理是摩擦生熱。通過下文的例子也可看出這一點(diǎn)。歐洲的農(nóng)民會把一個(gè)木制的鉆頭插入一個(gè)圓形的洞，然后在手掌間迅速的旋轉(zhuǎn)它。Friction就是摩擦的意思。
6. 同位語
同位語是指一個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)對另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說明，這個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起，常出現(xiàn)在句子中間或者后面的位置。
例：One of the most important new methodologies is biomechanics， the study of the body in motion. (“How much higher?How much faster?”) 有時(shí)候同位語的解釋更讓人容易理解和接受，biomechanics專業(yè)說法是生物力學(xué)，而同位語的表達(dá)更平易近人：對身體運(yùn)動的研究。
綜上所述，在GRE閱讀中遭遇生詞，并不代表自己的詞匯背誦沒有到位，考生也大可不必因此出現(xiàn)情緒波動，按照上文方法，解決這些生詞并非難事
GRE閱讀快速讀文章技巧方法匯總介紹
什么是略讀技巧
GRE閱讀的略讀技巧主要有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：
1. 以極快的速度閱讀文章，尋找字面上或事實(shí)上的主要信息和少量的闡述信息。
2. 可以跳過某個(gè)部分或某些部分不讀。
3. 理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。
如何在GRE閱讀中使用略讀技巧
1. 要利用文章結(jié)構(gòu)上的各種常見細(xì)節(jié)，如文章的標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題、小標(biāo)題、斜體詞、黑體詞、腳注、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號等，對文章進(jìn)行預(yù)測略讀(preview skimming)。預(yù)測略讀要了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式)，以便把握大意，有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)及其相互關(guān)系。
2. 以一般閱讀速度(200～250wpm)閱讀GRE閱讀文章開頭的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意，背景情況，作者的文章風(fēng)格，口吻或語氣等。
3. 閱讀段落的主題句和結(jié)論句。抓住主題句就掌握了段落大意，然后略去細(xì)節(jié)不讀，以求得略讀速度，這一點(diǎn)是GRE快速閱讀技巧要抓住的最重要的一點(diǎn)。
4. 注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞和序列詞。轉(zhuǎn)折詞如however，moreover，in addition等;序列詞如firstly，secondly等。
略讀是實(shí)用的GRE快速閱讀技巧，通過略讀大家可以既節(jié)省時(shí)間又抓住文章的主要內(nèi)容，但是這個(gè)技巧的掌握需要不斷地練習(xí)和有意識的培養(yǎng)，因此希望各位同學(xué)在平時(shí)的備考練習(xí)中就學(xué)會使用這種技巧，并應(yīng)用到考試中。如此一來，就能更好地理解GRE閱讀文章，留出足夠時(shí)間研究題目并保證正確率。
GRE閱讀真題
The condition of scholarship devoted to the history of women in photography is confounding. Recent years have witnessed the posthumous inflation of the role of the hobbyist Alice Austen into that of a pioneering documentarian while dozens of notable senior figures—Marion Palfi, whose photographs of civil-rights activities in the South served as early evidence of the need for protective legislation, to name one— received scant attention from scholars. And, while Naomi Rosenblum’s synoptic History of Women Photographers covers the subject through 1920 in a generally useful fashion, once she reaches the 1920s, when the venues, forms, applications, and movements of the medium expanded exponentially, she resorts to an increasingly terse listing of un-familiar names, with approaches and careers summarized in a sentence or two.
1. The author of the passage cites Rosenblum’s book most likely in order to
A. suggest that the works documented most thoroughly by historians of women in photography often do not warrant that attention
B. offer an explanation for the observation that not all aspects of the history of women in photography have received the same level of attention
C. provide an example of a way in which scholarship on the history of women in photography has been unsatisfactory
D. suggest that employing a strictly chronological approach when studying the history of women in photography may be unproductive
E. provide support for the notion that certain personalities in women’s photography have attained undue prominence
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2. Which of the following statements about Marion Palfi is supported by the passage?
A. Marion Palfi’s photographs would have received greater recognition from historians had her work been done in an era when most aspects of photography were static rather than in a state of transition.
B. Alice Austen has achieved greater notoriety than has Marion Palfi primarily because the subjects that Austen photographed were more familiar to her contemporaries.
C. In addition to providing a record of certain historical events, Marion Palfi’s photographs played a role in subsequent events.
3. In the context in which it appears, “inflation” (line 2) most nearly means
A. exaggeration
B. acquisition
C. evaluation
D. distortion
E. attenuation
GRE閱讀真題
The evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals, the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others.
The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catcher sand increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention — that aspect of mind carrying consciousness forward from one moment to the next. It ranges from a passive, freefloating awareness to a highly focused, active fixation. The range through these states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem. From the more relaxed to the more vigorous levels, sensitivity to novelty is increased. The organism is more awake, more vigilant; this increased vigilance results in the apprehension of ever more subtle signals as the organism becomes more sensitive to its surroundings. The processes of arousal and concentration give attention its direction. Arousal is at first general, with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is channeled. Thus begins concentration, the holding of consistent images. One meaning of intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of previous experience. Consciousness links past attention to the present and permits the integration of details with perceived ends and purposes.
The elements of intelligence and consciousness come together marvelously to produce different styles in predator and prey. Herbivores and carnivores develop different kinds of attention related to escaping or chasing. Although in both kinds of animal, arousal stimulates the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine by the adrenal glands, the effect in herbivores is primarily fear, whereas in carnivores the effect is primarily aggression. For both, arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead. Perhaps it does not experience forethought as we know it, but the animal does experience something like it. The predator is searchingly aggressive, inner-directed, tuned by the nervous system and the adrenal hormones, but aware in a sense closer to human consciousness than, say, a hungry lizard’s instinctive snap at a passing beetle. Using past events as a framework, the large mammal predator is working out a relationship between movement and food, sensitive to possibilities in cold trails and distant sounds—and yesterday’s unforgotten lessons. The herbivore prey is of a different mind. Its mood of wariness rather than searching and its attitude of general expectancy instead of anticipating are silk-thin veils of tranquility over an explosive endocrine system.
1. The author refers to a hungry lizard (line 31) primarily in order to
A. demonstrate the similarity between the hunting methods of mammals and those of nonmammals
B. broaden the application of the argument by including an insectivore as an example
C. make a distinction between higher and lower levels of consciousness
D. provide an additional illustration of the brutality characteristic of predators
E. offer an objection to suggestions that all animals lack consciousness line
2. It can be inferred from the passage that in animals less intelligent than the mammals discussed in the passage
A. past experience is less helpful in ensuring survival
B. attention is more highly focused
C. muscular coordination is less highly developed
D. there is less need for competition among species
E. environment is more important in establishing the proper ratio of prey to predator
3. According to the passage, improvement in brain function among early large mammals resulted primarily from which of the following?
A. Interplay of predator and prey
B. Persistence of free-floating awareness in animals of the grasslands
C. Gradual dominance of warm-blooded mammals over cold-blooded reptiles
D. Interaction of early large mammals with less intelligent species
E. Improvement of the capacity for memory among herbivores and carnivores
4. According to the passage, as the process of arousal in an organism continues, all of the following may occur EXCEPT
A. the production of adrenaline
B. the production of norepinephrine
C. a heightening of sensitivity to stimuli
D. an increase in selectivity with respect to stimuli
E. an expansion of the range of states mediated by the brain stem
5大技巧助你看懂GRE閱讀生詞推薦2
GRE閱讀生詞應(yīng)對技巧講解
先打好GRE閱讀詞匯基礎(chǔ)
增加考生的GRE詞匯量是最簡單，也是最根本的應(yīng)對方法了。無論是在哪個(gè)方面增加的單詞量都會在閱讀的時(shí)候?qū)ξ覀冇兴鶐椭?，因?yàn)殚喿x更重視的是對于全文的理解，而生詞，只要大致知道其含義，不影響閱讀就可以。大家需要明確一點(diǎn)，那就是GRE考試雖然對詞匯整體要求高，但對于不同的題型部分在詞匯的具體需求上還是有所區(qū)別的，填空講究辨析，寫作要求會用，至于數(shù)學(xué)和閱讀，都只要考生能夠做到臉熟，知道基本含義就能順利解決。因此考生在詞匯方面需要根據(jù)不同學(xué)科來進(jìn)行，具體到閱讀，大家可以多看一下考試相關(guān)的課內(nèi)和課外閱讀材料，對于其中出現(xiàn)的詞匯，主要是各類名詞，知道其含義即可，沒有必要背得太過深入。這樣就能比較省力同時(shí)有成效地積累閱讀詞匯，順利應(yīng)對GRE閱讀考試。
生詞無需理解當(dāng)定位標(biāo)志用
有些生詞是GRE的考官們特意放在那里的，目的就是要出題。這就要求大家把生詞當(dāng)成定位詞，在它周圍尋找問題的答案。多做一些GRE閱讀定位詞方面的訓(xùn)練題對于大家解決生詞是很有幫助的。大家可以加強(qiáng)對于GRE閱讀中細(xì)節(jié)題的訓(xùn)練，一般來說假如出現(xiàn)圍繞生詞設(shè)置的題目，那么大部分題型都會是細(xì)節(jié)題，看不懂這些生詞沒關(guān)系，大家只要記住其所在位置，到時(shí)候快速返回就能順利解題了。
結(jié)合文章主旨推測詞匯詞性
如果生詞是動詞或者形容詞，考生可以不必糾結(jié)其意思，判斷詞匯的方向性就可以，不知道具體意思不影響把題做對。這一點(diǎn)很重要，因?yàn)檫@兩種詞性基本上是以修飾的作用為重，所以判斷方向非常重要。舉例來說，GRE閱讀中有不少涉及到主旨和作者態(tài)度的題目，問一篇文章是支持還是反對某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，作者的態(tài)度是褒還是貶等等。大家只要通過從整體上理解文章來判斷出大致方向，那么對于這些詞匯就算不知道其意思，也可以大致明白是褒義還是貶義，并據(jù)此推測出其大致含義。即使還是沒有辦法完全理解生詞，也不至于影響之后的解題。
根據(jù)生詞自帶解釋理解詞匯含義
猜詞能力的高低也是GRE考生閱讀能力水準(zhǔn)的體現(xiàn)。在閱讀中遭遇生詞時(shí)考生必須具備根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力。一般學(xué)術(shù)類的生詞，往往會在詞匯出現(xiàn)的前后加上一些解釋或者提示，考生可以通過上下文來得出詞匯的意思。這一點(diǎn)在科技類或者學(xué)術(shù)類題材的文章中十分常見。文章中經(jīng)常會突然甩出一個(gè)生詞，然后隨即附帶一段解釋。大家假如在閱讀此類文章時(shí)遭遇到生詞，那么上下文里一般都會有解釋，而假如沒有解釋也就代表著這個(gè)詞匯對于理解文章和解題沒有幫助，直接跳過即可。
磨煉猜詞技巧擺脫字典依賴
有些考生在平時(shí)練習(xí)閱讀時(shí)隨時(shí)在手邊放著本字典或者開著查詞軟件，一看到生詞就直接去查意思，這種習(xí)慣非常不好。如果養(yǎng)成了不動腦的盲目依賴，就無法培養(yǎng)良好的心里素質(zhì)和做題態(tài)度，畢竟考場上可沒有字典可用。因此，大家在平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)就要學(xué)會放開字典鍛煉自身能力，這將有助于大家培養(yǎng)出猜詞能力。如果實(shí)在需要確認(rèn)詞匯含義，小編建議可以在做完練習(xí)之后在進(jìn)行集中查詢，一方面不會影響到解題時(shí)候的效果，另一方面也能通過權(quán)威渠道補(bǔ)充到生詞?？偠灾贕RE閱讀練習(xí)中請務(wù)必禁止使用任何查詢工具。只有這樣大家才能真正鍛煉出應(yīng)對生詞的實(shí)戰(zhàn)技巧和心得。
GRE長難句6種常見結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié)
1、長成分
1)長從句做主語、賓語及其他成分
A、主語從句
B、賓語從句
2)長狀語
3)層層修飾
4)并列成分
2、常見倒裝搭配
(1)及物動詞加介詞：固定詞組的固定搭配中，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)倒裝情況，如：bring A to B，寫作：bring to B A
例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to oneof the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings topredominant positions in a society people who ,no matter howlegitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack thoseother qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
類似的情況：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等
(2)及物動詞加副詞
例：make possible …(單詞或者句子)
3、省略的幾種情況
(1)重復(fù)的成分
(2)讓步轉(zhuǎn)折的省略：如although (but)
(3)定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的省略which(that )
(4)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和系動詞同時(shí)省略，變成后置定語
如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth
4、 短語被分割
如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B
5、多重否定
如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claimunequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot belegitimately observed .
6、難句分析舉例
Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industrygreatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealthdetached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almostequally detached from the responsible management of business.
[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industrygreatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…
[語法難點(diǎn)]本句是典型的非限定性定語從句，難點(diǎn)在其主語和賓語都有較長的短語和of結(jié)構(gòu)限定，并且分句是由兩個(gè)and相連的3個(gè)部分組成的。分句an element…landowners 又帶有兩個(gè)定語從句，一個(gè)是(which was)representing…，另一個(gè)是(which was)detached…。
可見，定語從句的難點(diǎn)在于經(jīng)常省略“引導(dǎo)詞+be”的結(jié)構(gòu)，從而在理解上容易和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相混淆。
[句子翻譯] 對資本和企業(yè)的這種大規(guī)模的非個(gè)人操縱大大增加了股東作為一個(gè)階級的數(shù)量和重要性。這個(gè)階層作為國計(jì)民生的一部分，代表了非個(gè)人責(zé)任的財(cái)富與土地及土地所有者應(yīng)盡義務(wù)的分離，而且也幾乎與責(zé)任管理相分離。
GRE長難句要點(diǎn)解讀及寫作題型應(yīng)用
閱讀在GRE考試中占有至關(guān)重要的作用。然而，GRE閱讀里面往往有很多經(jīng)過ETS精心改造后看似很長、很怪異的句子，我們稱其為GRE長難句。讀懂句子是讀懂文章的基礎(chǔ)，這些長難句的存在勢必會影響到考試中考生對閱讀文章的理解，造成答題錯(cuò)誤，繼而影響到考生最終的GRE成績。然而，這些所謂的 GRE難句并不是不可攻克的，只要訓(xùn)練方法得當(dāng)，并且能輔以大量的時(shí)間進(jìn)行練習(xí)，它們完全可以看作是GRE考試中的“紙老虎”而已。
一般情況下，要想解決GRE難句的問題首先要對長難句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)有個(gè)清楚的了解。GRE長難句一般可以分為四大類：復(fù)雜修飾成分、插入語或同位語、倒裝和省略。
要點(diǎn)解讀：
1. 直接找句子的主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu)，直奔主題。
長難句之所以難最主要是因?yàn)殚L，之所以長最主要是因?yàn)樾揎棾煞痔嗵珡?fù)雜。所以我們在做題過程中如果碰到長難句，可以先忽略掉句子的若干修飾部分，直接定位到句子的主、謂、賓，搞清楚句子的結(jié)構(gòu)意義之后再回頭來找修飾語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。如：先忽略名詞后面的of短語，忽略that/which 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，忽略when/where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句等。
2. 忽略插入語成分，避免干擾。
句子的插入語一般是放在成對出現(xiàn)的逗號之間的。插入語往往會割裂開句子的主、謂、賓，造成句意的中斷，干擾考生理解整個(gè)句子的意思。所以閱讀過程中如果遇到插入語，也可以直接跳過去往后看，找準(zhǔn)句子骨干之后，再利用插入語的補(bǔ)充解釋進(jìn)一步理解句子。
寫作題型應(yīng)用：
1. 復(fù)雜修飾語在寫作中的應(yīng)用
復(fù)雜修飾語除了能對句子進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的潤色和修飾之外，也更增加了句子的長度和難度。所以在寫作的過程中利用復(fù)雜修飾語，不僅可以使考生的文章句子看起來更長更難更有“水平”，也在一定程度上還能緩解考生“湊字難”的壓力，可謂一舉兩得。但是，鑒于大多考生都在為閱讀長難句“頭疼”的現(xiàn)狀和后果考慮，也不建議考生在寫作過程中過多地利用修飾語來寫過長、過難的句子，以免考官在改作文的時(shí)候看到如此多的長難句也“頭疼”，那最后吃虧的還是考生自己。鑒于上述兩種情況，建議考生可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，在作文考試過程中適當(dāng)利用復(fù)雜修飾語，做到長句和短句相結(jié)合，簡單句和復(fù)雜句相結(jié)合，才能使考生的作文取得更好的效果和滿意的分?jǐn)?shù)。
2. 插入語在寫作中的應(yīng)用
插入語一般放在成對出現(xiàn)的逗號之間，簡單容易辨別，在句中放置位置靈活容易掌握。在寫作中應(yīng)用插入語不僅會使文章看起來句式豐富多樣，也更減少了句子的枯燥感，所以考生在寫作過程中可以放心大膽地利用插入語來增加文章的多樣性，減少啰嗦拖沓的語言，為自己的文章增加“含金量”。但是同學(xué)們也要掌握一個(gè)適度原則，雖然插入語好用好識別，但是如果過多地在一句話中應(yīng)用也難免會造成文章句子拮據(jù)拗口晦澀難懂，所以建議考生在寫作應(yīng)用的過程中也一定要適可而止。
GRE
5大技巧助你看懂GRE閱讀生詞推薦3
GRE考試中遇生詞技巧
以是否影響閱讀理解來決定應(yīng)對方法
大家可能都知道，中文里哪怕一篇文章中出現(xiàn)一些生僻詞匯，大家也可以在不理解它們的前提下大致搞懂文章其余部分的意思。這一點(diǎn)在英語中也是一樣的，根據(jù)語言學(xué)家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一篇英語文章中不認(rèn)識的單詞占全文詞匯總量的比例只要控制在8%以內(nèi)，是絕對不會影響到我們對全文任何觀點(diǎn)的理解的。有鑒于此，考生大可不必因?yàn)樵诳荚囍杏龅搅藥讉€(gè)之前沒見過的單詞而感到頭痛和掙扎。對于少量出現(xiàn)且不影響考生對題目文章整體理解的生詞，大家可以選擇將其放在一邊的處理方式。
學(xué)會辨識和處理學(xué)術(shù)類專有名詞
在GRE考試出現(xiàn)的生詞中，也有不少詞匯是涉及到冷僻內(nèi)容的學(xué)術(shù)性名詞，也就是所謂的專有名詞。那么對于這些涉及全文主題的專有名詞，我們也必須一一認(rèn)識嗎?答案當(dāng)然是否定的。一方面這些生詞基本不會出現(xiàn)在考生背單詞所使用的詞匯教科書中，另一方面這些詞匯大家平時(shí)閱讀中也基本沒機(jī)會見到。對于這些生詞，小編的建議有兩點(diǎn)。首先，如果這些詞并不涉及到解題需要的關(guān)鍵性內(nèi)容，也不影響大家理解全文意思，那么考生大可不必理會，直接跳過就可以了。其次，如果有些題目或者文章就是圍繞著這個(gè)生詞代表含義而展開，那么大家不妨看一下詞匯所處環(huán)境，上下文中一般都會有補(bǔ)充解釋，不會真的讓考生完全沒有參考地直面一個(gè)平時(shí)沒機(jī)會遇到的生詞。因此，大家如果遭遇一些構(gòu)思明顯比較古怪，所處文章環(huán)境又是專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的內(nèi)容時(shí)，可以參照這一條技巧進(jìn)行應(yīng)對處理，相信也不會給大家?guī)硖罄_。
結(jié)合文章自帶解釋合理猜詞
而假如考生一定要搞清楚一些生詞的意思，那么就不妨根據(jù)文章中給出的線索進(jìn)行合理猜測了。就如同上文所言，大家不妨通過聯(lián)系上下文的方法來猜測其真實(shí)含義。特別是在本身文本量豐富的閱讀題中，許多生詞都會有專門的解釋，哪怕只是一句話，也可以幫助大家大致理解其含義從而順利解題。有時(shí)候ETS甚至?xí)梢越o出線索來進(jìn)行提示，大家只要多加留意，就不會被這些生詞給困住腳步。
比起生詞更重要的是考點(diǎn)
實(shí)際上，許多時(shí)候考生費(fèi)大力氣搞懂一兩個(gè)生詞，對于考試本身也并沒有太大幫助，大家最需要做的是認(rèn)清生詞背后真實(shí)的考點(diǎn)。假設(shè)原文有這樣一句話：Sedge root, a woody fiber that can be easily separated into strands, is essential to basketry production. 請問sedge root的中文翻譯“莎草的根” 能夠幫助我們解決閱讀理解題目嗎?看來應(yīng)該是比較困難的。真正能夠幫助我們解決閱讀理解題目的應(yīng)該是這樣的文字a woody fiber (木制纖維)和定語從句中的文字部分can be easily separated into strands (能夠輕易地被分割成線)。通過以上的分析，想必大家已經(jīng)非常清楚地認(rèn)識到，刻意去背誦專有名詞的中文釋義其實(shí)并沒有太大意義。因?yàn)檎嬲脑~匯理解需要建立在對其特征的認(rèn)識之上，大家沒有必要在所謂的專用名詞上浪費(fèi)太多精力。
綜上所述，GRE考試中的生詞問題是大家都難以避免的，雖然擴(kuò)充詞匯量打好詞匯基礎(chǔ)可以很大程度上幫助大家緩解此類問題，但小編還是希望考生能做好在GRE考試中遭遇和應(yīng)對生詞的心理準(zhǔn)備和應(yīng)對技巧，本文內(nèi)容應(yīng)該會在這個(gè)方面給大家提供一些幫助。
GRE分類詞匯總結(jié)
Abortive adj.無結(jié)果的，? 失敗的
Crestfallen adj.挫敗的，? 失望的
internecine adj.內(nèi)訌的,兩敗俱傷的
Circumvent v.用計(jì)謀戰(zhàn)勝，? 規(guī)避
landslide n.山崩，? 壓倒性勝利
outfox v.以機(jī)智勝過
outwit v.以機(jī)智勝過
prevail v.戰(zhàn)勝,盛行
Surmount v.克服，? 戰(zhàn)勝，? 越過
Transcend v.超越，? 勝過
Tie n.不? 分勝負(fù) v.與成平局
-贖,償
Atone v.贖罪,補(bǔ)償
Atonement n.贖罪,彌補(bǔ)
Expiate v.贖罪,補(bǔ)償
inexpiable adj.不能補(bǔ)償?shù)?/p>
ransom n.贖金，贖身，v.贖回，解救
redeem v.贖罪，實(shí)踐(諾言)
redemption n.贖罪
irredeemable a.不能贖回的
Amortize v.分期償還
Compensate v.補(bǔ)償，賠償
indemnify v.賠償，償付
indemnification n.賠償，賠償金
liquidate v.清除，清償，停止
recompense v.報(bào)酬，賠償
reimburse v.償還
reimbursement n.償還(的款項(xiàng))
remunerate v.報(bào)酬，補(bǔ)償
reparation n.賠償，補(bǔ)償
restitution n.歸還，賠償
retrieval n.取回，補(bǔ)償
Solvent adj.有償債能力的，n.溶劑
insolvent adj.無錢還債的
Solvency n.溶解力，? 還債能力
Assoil v 赦免，? 釋放，? 補(bǔ)償，? 贖
recoup v 重獲，? 補(bǔ)償
quietus n(債務(wù)的)償清，? 平息
offset v 抵銷，? 補(bǔ)償
Extinguish vt 熄滅,消滅,償清
Foreclose v.排除，? 取消抵押品的贖回權(quán)
moratorium n.停止償付，? 禁止
-天生的
immanent adj.普遍存在的，內(nèi)在的
intrinsic adj.固有的，內(nèi)在的
inherent adj.固有的，與生俱來的
Congenital adj.(病等)先天的，天生的
inborn adj.天生的，天賦的
innate adj.生來的，天賦的
indigenous adj.土產(chǎn)的，本地的
Built-in a. 內(nèi)建的,固定的,嵌入的 n. 內(nèi)置
-偽科學(xué)
Alchemy n.煉金術(shù)
hermetic adj.密封的，煉金術(shù)的
Astrology n.占星學(xué)，占星術(shù)
Chiromancy n.手相術(shù)
necromancy n.巫術(shù)，通靈術(shù)
Sorcery n.巫術(shù)，魔法
physiognomy n. 相面術(shù)，面貌
numerology n.命理學(xué)
Spiritualism n.降靈術(shù),招魂術(shù),唯心論,觀念論
Conjure v.變魔術(shù)，變戲法
Conjurer n.魔術(shù)師
Enchant v.使迷醉,施魔法于
legerdemain n.手法，戲法
prestidigitation n.變戲法,手法敏捷
Exorcize v.驅(qū)魔,去除(壞念頭等)
Exorcism n.驅(qū)鬼,伏魔
GRE分類詞匯總結(jié)
-幾種笑
Chortle v.n.開心地笑
Chuckle v.輕聲地笑
Guffaw n.v.哄笑，大笑
Simper v.傻笑、假笑
Smirk v.假笑，得意地笑
Snigger v.n.暗笑，竊笑 (=snicker)
Giggle v.(女孩)咯咯的笑
Titter v.嗤嗤的笑,偷笑
Grin v.露齒而笑
?GRE單詞分類總結(jié)(Ⅴ)
-Sex
Erotic adj..的，色情的(作品)
libido n.性欲，生命力
randy adj 性欲沖動的，渴望的
philogyny n 愛女人，女性崇拜
philander v.調(diào)戲追逐女人
Gender n 性
promiscuity n.濫交,混雜
promiscuous adj.濫交的,雜亂的
Copulate v. 交配，接合，連系
Dandy n.花花公子，好打扮的人
Dandified adj.打扮得像花花公子的
Fop n.(喜好精致服裝的)花花公子.
Beau n 花花公子，好打扮者
Chappy adj 皸裂的 n. 伙伴，花花公子
incubus n.惡夢，負(fù)擔(dān)
Succubus n. 女妖,魔鬼,妓女
pornography n.色情畫
nymphomania n.女色情狂
-大敗,失敗,戰(zhàn)勝
Fiasco n.大失敗，慘敗
massacre n.大屠殺，大敗
rout n.大敗，潰敗
Checkmate n.(象棋中)被將死時(shí)王的位置，完全失敗
lurch n 挫敗，大敗
washout n 沖刷，失敗
Founder v.(船)沉沒，(計(jì)劃)失敗
Fizzle n 咝咝聲，失敗
Flummox v.使混亂，背誦出錯(cuò) n.失敗
Flop n. 失敗 v 笨重的摔
Balk n.障礙,錯(cuò)誤,失敗
Balk n.障礙,錯(cuò)誤,失敗 vt.阻止,突然停止,退縮
Bungle vn拙劣地工作,粗制濫造,失敗
Confound v 使混淆,使狼狽,挫敗
Frustrate v.挫敗，使沮喪
pulverize v.壓成細(xì)粉,徹底擊敗
Scalp n.頭皮，? 戰(zhàn)利品v.擊敗
paste v 狠狠地打，? 擊敗
GRE
5大技巧助你看懂GRE閱讀生詞推薦4
GRE填空不認(rèn)識詞匯也能做題 這2種應(yīng)對生詞技巧了解一下
1.尋找邏輯詞判斷空格對應(yīng)關(guān)系
GRE填空考察的就是整體邏輯語言的能力，考生的任務(wù)就是找出句子成分間的邏輯關(guān)系，并選擇一個(gè)合理且必然的選項(xiàng)。句子成分間的邏輯關(guān)系對解題起著至關(guān)重要的作用，它們常常由一些明顯的關(guān)鍵詞提示。對于詞匯量不夠的考生來說，根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系來分析空格應(yīng)填內(nèi)容，能夠更加容易地鎖定正確答案，排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。
最重要的幾種邏輯關(guān)系：
因果關(guān)系：because, in that, for, therefore, thus, accordingly, consequently, hence, given, so…that, so…as to, when…then, as long as, in order to……
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：albeit, but, although, despite, however, in spite of, nevertheless, notwithstanding, while, whatever, regardless, even though, even if, yet……
對比關(guān)系：in contrast, on the contrary, far from, on the other hand, rather than, instead of, not…but, paradoxically, ironically, surprisingly, unexpectedly……另外還有時(shí)間的不同體現(xiàn)相反的關(guān)系等等
填空題的句子常出現(xiàn)陌生的專業(yè)術(shù)語，晦澀的思想觀點(diǎn)等，但對解題并不構(gòu)成真正的障礙。因?yàn)轭}目本身往往提供了足夠的內(nèi)容的重復(fù)線索幫助你找到正確的答案。而缺乏這方面經(jīng)驗(yàn)的同學(xué)雖然能看懂選項(xiàng)里的詞匯卻因?yàn)闆]能找到解題線索而無法解答，這就非常可惜了。
2.通過詞匯自帶的感情特征尋找突破口
有時(shí)，有時(shí)候一些GRE填空題只是通過正常的閱讀方式去理解句子是比較困難而且費(fèi)時(shí)的。但假如大家學(xué)會結(jié)合詞匯自帶的感情特征去判斷，難題處理起來就會變得比較容易了。這種技巧不僅對于詞匯量不夠，一定程度上需要靠連蒙帶猜的考生十分有用，哪怕是詞匯方面已經(jīng)做好充分準(zhǔn)備的考生，也可以通過判斷語氣感情色彩來提升解題速度。
GRE填空真題實(shí)例講解
Johnson never _____ to ignore the standards of decent conduct mandated by company policy if _____ compliance with instructions from his superiors enabled him to do so, whatever the effects on his subordinates.
A. designed tacit
B. attempted halfhearted
C. intended direct
D. scrupled literal
E. wished feigned
這句句子的意思比較令人費(fèi)解，但是從句末whatever the effects on his subordinates(不管對他的下級產(chǎn)生怎樣的影響)看，我們知道Johnson做的是一件不好的事情。
從第一個(gè)空格看，五個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有D的scrupled填入后能表達(dá)出這樣的意思。因此考生很容易就能得出答案為D，而不需要再在題目理解上浪費(fèi)太多時(shí)間。學(xué)會判斷邏輯關(guān)系，尋找重復(fù)關(guān)系，判斷語氣及感情色彩這幾步熟練的結(jié)合運(yùn)用，幾乎就能解決大部分的GRE填空問題，哪怕詞匯量不足，也能在一定程度上找到彌補(bǔ)的方法。
如果你也遇到了GRE填空選項(xiàng)詞匯都認(rèn)識但就是不知道怎么解題的問題，那么上文中提到的兩種靈活解題技巧應(yīng)該會給你提供新的解題思路，希望大家能夠結(jié)合實(shí)際練習(xí)掌握這兩種解題技巧，結(jié)合扎實(shí)的詞匯基礎(chǔ)真正實(shí)現(xiàn)GRE填空高分滿分的目標(biāo)。
GRE填空練習(xí)題精選
1. The significance of the Magna Carta lies not in its ______ provisions. But in its broader impact: it made the king subject to the law.
A specific
B revolutionary
C implicit
D controversial
E finite
2. In the British theater young people under thirty-five have not had much ______ getting recognition onstage, but offstage––in the ranks of playwrights, directors, designers, administrators––they have mostly been relegated to relative obscurity.
A trouble
B satisfaction
C curiosity about
D success at
E fear of
3. Experienced and proficient, Susan is a good, (i) ______ trumpeter. Her music is often more satisfying than Carol's brilliant but (ii) ______ playing.
Blank (i)
A reliable
B amateur
C mediocre
Blank (ii)
D inimitable
E reassured
F renowned
4. Ethologists are convinced that many animals survive through learning-but learning that is (i) ______ their genetic programming, learning as thoroughly (ii) ______ as the most instinctive of behavioral responses.
Blank (i)
A dictated by
B complementary to
C compatible with
Blank (ii)
D transient
E stereotype
F inventive
5. As the first streamlined car, the Airflow represented a (i) ______ in automotive development, and although its sales were (ii) ______, it had an immense influence on automobile design.
Blank (i)
A discontinuity
B milestone
C regression
Blank (ii)
D calculable
E disappointing
F unimportant
GRE填空練習(xí)題精選
6. In their preface, the collection's editors plead that certain of the important articles they (i) ______ were published too recently for inclusion, but in the case of many such articles, this (ii) ______ is not valid.
Blank (i)
A omitted
B disparaged
C revised
Blank (ii)
D replacement
E excuse
F endorsement
For each of Questions 7 to 10, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.
7. Those who fear the influence of television deliberately ______ its persuasive power, hoping that they might keep knowledge of its potential to effect social change from being widely disseminated.
A appraise
B underplay
C excuse
D laud
E promote
F de-emphasize
8. Because the lawyer's methods were found to be ______, the disciplinary committee revoked his privileges.
A unscrupulous
B impeachable
C ubiquitous
D arcane
E esoteric
F ingenious
9. Certain weeds that flourish among rice crops resist detection until maturity by ______ the seedling stage in the rice plant’s life cycle, thereby remaining indistinguishable from the rice crop until the flowering stage.
A simulating
B displacing
C fostering
D imitating
E nurturing
F deterring
10. Doors were closing on our past, and soon the values we had lived by would become so obsolete that we would seem to people of the new age as ______ as travelers from an ancient land.
A elegant
B eccentric
C interesting
D comfortable
E quaint
F chic
GRE填空練習(xí)題精選
1. While the delegate clearly sought to ______ the optimism that has emerged recently, she stopped short of suggesting that the conference was near collapse and might produce nothing of significance.
A substantiate
B dampen
C encourage
D elucidate
E rekindle
2. Given the evidence of Egyptian and Babylonian ______ later Greek civilization, it would be incorrect to view the work of Greek scientists as an entirely independent creation.
A disdain for
B imitation of
C ambivalence about
D deference to
E influence on
3. Although the young violinist's (i) ______ performance, with the orchestra demonstrated his technical competence, his uninspired style and lack of interpretive maturity labeled him as a novice musician rather than as a truly (ii) ______ performer.
Blank (i)
A steady
B marginal
C spectacular
Blank (ii)
D accomplished
E conventional
F unskilled
4. Although the politician was basically conservative in her views, she was not (i) ______ : her positions on certain issues could even be called (ii) ______.
Blank (i)
A subservient
B original
C creative
Blank (ii)
D emulate
E inspire
F neglect
5. However (i) ______ they might be, Roman poets were bound to have some favorite earlier author whom they would (ii) ______.
Blank (i)
A moderate
B calculated
C reactionary
Blank (ii)
D progressive
E extremist
F cautious
GRE填空練習(xí)題精選
6. The sea was not an (i) ______ the (ii) ______ of the windmill; on the contrary, while the concept of the new invention passed quickly from seaport to seaport, it made little headway inland.
Blank (i)
A element in
B obstacle to
C aid to
Blank (ii)
D evolution
E diffusion
F acceptance
For each of Questions 7 to 10, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.
7. For some time now, ______ has been presumed not to exist: the cynical conviction that everybody has an angle is considered wisdom.
A rationality
B neutrality
C flexibility
D sanity
E disinterestedness
F insincerity
8. Compassion is a great respecter of justice: we pity those who suffer ______.
A fiercely
B unwittingly
C vicariously
D intensive
E undeservedly
F objectively
9. No work illustrated his disdain for a systematic approach to research better than his dissertation, which was rejected primarily because his bibliography constituted, at best, ______ survey of the major texts in his field.
A an unimaginative
B an orthodox
C a meticulous
D a pedestrian
E a haphazard
F a slapdash
10. Robin’s words were not without emotion: they retained their level tone only by a careful ______ imminent extremes.
A equipoise between
B embrace of
C oscillation between
D limitation to
E subjection to vacillation between
F balance within
5大技巧助你看懂GRE閱讀生詞推薦5
GRE閱讀猜生詞4個(gè)技巧實(shí)例講解 看不懂閱讀詞匯還能搶救
先看懂體現(xiàn)論證意義的詞匯
GRE文章是論證性文字，不是說明性文字，也不是敘述性文字。這種以論證為特點(diǎn)的文字，存在于GRE閱讀文章的各個(gè)層面：“篇章—段落—句子—單詞”。篇章由多個(gè)論點(diǎn)組成，論點(diǎn)由作為論據(jù)的句子構(gòu)成，句子本身的典型構(gòu)成是前后句由表示論證關(guān)系的詞匯連接，而體現(xiàn)論證的意義的單詞最重要。因此，要真懂得文章，就必須把所有那些表現(xiàn)論證的字、詞、句抓出。
對不影響整體理解的詞匯不用理會
首先要說的是，在閱讀教學(xué)的研究當(dāng)中，語言學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，一篇文章中不認(rèn)識的單詞占全文詞匯總量的比例只要控制在8%以內(nèi)，是絕對不會影響到我們對全文任何觀點(diǎn)的理解的。基于這一點(diǎn)，我們大家大可不必因?yàn)橛龅搅藥讉€(gè)我們完全沒見過的奇形怪狀的單詞而感到頭痛和掙扎。因?yàn)樗鼈儾蛔阋詫ξ覀兝斫馕恼庐a(chǎn)生影響。
結(jié)合文中定義解釋理解特定生詞
但同時(shí)，我們在閱讀文章的過程中也常常會碰到這樣的一種單詞，那就是專有名詞，尤其是涉及全文主題的專有名詞，難道我們就必須一一認(rèn)識它?答案顯然是否定的。什么叫做認(rèn)識專有名詞?從英到漢的翻譯叫做認(rèn)識?還是知道專有名詞的特征叫做認(rèn)識?讀者請想想看，我們在閱讀理解中有沒有遇到過這樣的問題提法：What is sedge root? 我想沒有，因?yàn)檫@種問法是在問專有名詞的翻譯。我們遇到的更多是這樣的一些問法：According to the passage, which of the following statements about sedge root is true? What can be inferred from the passage about sedge root? 這些問題的提法卻是在問專有名詞的文中闡述特征。我們再從文章本身對這個(gè)問題做出進(jìn)一步的分析。
假設(shè)原文有這樣一句話：Sedge root, a woody fiber that can be easily separated into strands, is essential to basketry production. 請問sedge root的中文翻譯“莎草的根” 能夠幫助我們解決閱讀理解題目嗎?我想很難!真正能夠幫助我們解決閱讀理解題目的應(yīng)該是這樣的文字a woody fiber (木制纖維)和定語從句中的文字部分can be easily separated into strands (能夠輕易地被分割成線)。通過以上的分析，想必大家已經(jīng)非常清楚地認(rèn)識到，過去我們拼命去死記硬背專有名詞的中文釋義是多么愚蠢的行為。因?yàn)檎嬲恼J(rèn)識應(yīng)該是對特征的認(rèn)識，所以一個(gè)專有名詞和他的中文釋義對我們來說是沒有任何意義的，畢竟我們對它們都沒有任何的概念。
只看上下文猜不出生詞意思
最后很多人都說我們可以從上下文中猜出單詞的釋義，難道真的是這樣么? 筆者認(rèn)為從上下文中猜出單詞的釋義是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。例如有這樣一句話“Supernova is a massive star which undergoes gravitational collapse.” 我們是不可能從上下文中猜出supernova的釋義“超新星”的。而我們真正能夠做到的只是從上下文中猜出單詞的特征：supernova是巨大的恒星(massive star)，它在進(jìn)行引力收縮(undergoes gravitational collapse)。于是以后當(dāng)我們遇到不認(rèn)識的單詞，我們可以再也不用停下來思考單詞的釋義，也不用費(fèi)盡思量地去猜所謂的單詞的釋義，我們需要做的只是靜下心來在后面找到單詞在文章當(dāng)中傳達(dá)的特征就可以。
以上的介紹希望對同學(xué)們的GRE考試有所幫助。同學(xué)們在gre備考時(shí)多積累練習(xí)，才可以在gre考試中運(yùn)用的得心應(yīng)手。小編預(yù)祝同學(xué)們在gre考試中取得好的成績。
新GRE閱讀長難句中譯英練習(xí)
1. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
2. Towns like Bournemouth and East bourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.
3. The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.
4. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.
5. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.
[參考譯文]
1. [參考譯文]這樣巨大而非個(gè)人的對資金和產(chǎn)業(yè)的操縱極大地增加了股東的數(shù)量和他們作為一個(gè)階級的重要性，這是國家生活中代表不負(fù)責(zé)任的財(cái)富的一個(gè)因素，這種財(cái)富不但遠(yuǎn)離了土地和土地?fù)碛姓叩呢?zé)任，而且?guī)缀跬瑯优c公司的負(fù)責(zé)任的管理毫無關(guān)系。
2.[參考譯文]像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮(zhèn)的涌現(xiàn)是為了給那些數(shù)量很多的“舒適”階級提供居住場所。這些人依賴于其豐厚收入而不工作，他們除了分紅和偶爾參加一下股東大會，向管理層口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社會的其他階層毫無瓜葛。
3.[參考譯文]這樣的“股東”對他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需求一無所知，而且他們對勞資雙方的關(guān)系都不會產(chǎn)生積極的影響。
4.[參考譯文]代表公司的花錢雇來的經(jīng)理與工人及其需求的關(guān)系更加直接，但是就連他對工人們也沒有那種熟識的私人之間的了解。而在現(xiàn)在正在消失的古老家族公司的那種更加家長式的制度下的雇主們卻常常對他們的工人有這樣的私人關(guān)系。
5.[參考譯文]在許多形成因素當(dāng)中，我將挑選出這些：這個(gè)國家優(yōu)秀的小學(xué)教育：歡迎新技術(shù)的勞動者們：獎勵發(fā)明者的做法;而且最重要的是美國人在對那些技術(shù)性事物的非言語的、“空間性的”思考方面的天賦。
GRE閱讀練習(xí)每日一篇
The dark regions in the starry night sky are not pockets in the universe that are devoid of stars as had long been thought. Rather, they are dark because of interstellar dust that hides the stars behind it. Although its visual effect is so pronounced, dust is only a minor constituent of the material, extremely low in density, that lies between the stars. Dust accounts for about one percent of the total mass of interstellar matter. The rest is hydrogen and helium gas, with small amounts of other elements. The interstellar material, rather like terrestrial clouds, comes in all shapes and sizes. The average density of interstellar material in the vicinity of our Sun is 1,000 to 10,000 times less than the best terrestrial laboratory vacuum. It is only because of the enormous interstellar distances that so little material per unit of volume becomes so significant. Optical astronomy is most directly affected, for although interstellar gas is perfectly transparent, the dust is not.
17. According to the passage, which of the following is a direct perceptual consequence of interstellar dust?
(A) Some stars are rendered invisible to observers on Earth.
(B) Many visible stars are made to seem brighter than they really are.
(C) The presence of hydrogen and helium gas is revealed.
(D) The night sky appears dusty at all times to observers on Earth.
(E) The dust is conspicuously visible against a background of bright stars.
18. It can be inferred from the passage that the density of interstellar material is
(A) higher where distances between the stars are shorter
(B) equal to that of interstellar dust
(C) unusually low in the vicinity of our Sun
(D) independent of the incidence of gaseous components
(E) not homogeneous throughout interstellar space
19. It can be inferred from the passage that it is because space is so vast that
(A) little of the interstellar material in it seems substantial
(B) normal units of volume seem futile for measurements of density
(C) stars can be far enough from Earth to be obscured even by very sparsely distributed matter
(D) interstellar gases can, for all practical purposes, be regarded as transparent
(E) optical astronomy would be of little use even if no interstellar dust existed
in his 1976 study of slavery in the United States, Herbert Gutman, like Fogel, Engerman, and Genovese, has rightly stressed the slaves’ achievements. But unlike these historians, Gutman gives plantation owners little credit for these achievements. Rather, Gutman argues that one must look to the Black family and the slaves’ extended kinship system to understand how crucial achievements, such as the maintenance of a cultural heritage and the development of a communal consciousness, were possible. His findings compel attention.
Gutman recreates the family and extended kinship structure mainly through an ingenious use of what any historian should draw upon (draw upon: 利用), quantifiable data, derived in this case mostly from plantation birth registers. He also uses accounts of ex-slaves to probe the human reality behind his statistics. These sources indicate that the two-parent household predominated in slave quarters just as it did among freed slaves after emancipation. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves’ preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy. In less conclusive fashion Fogel, Engerman, and Genovese had already indicated the predominance of two-parent households; however, only Gutman emphasizes the preference for stable monogamy and points out what stable monogamy meant for the slaves’ cultural heritage. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of—and so was crucial in sustaining—the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
Gutman’s examination of other facets of kinship also produces important findings. Gutman discovers that cousins rarely married, an exogamous tendency that contrasted sharply with the endogamy practiced by the plantation owners. This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests, may have derived from West African rules governing marriage, which, though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. This taboo against cousins’ marrying is important, argues Gutman, because it is one of many indications of a strong awareness among slaves of an extended kinship network. The fact that distantly related kin would care for children separated from their families also suggests this awareness. When blood relationships were few, as in newly created plantations in the Southwest, “fictive” kinship arrangements took their place until a new pattern of consanguinity developed. Gutman presents convincing evidence that this extended kinship structure—which he believes developed by the mid-to-late eighteenth century—provided the foundations for the strong communal consciousness that existed among slaves.
in sum, Gutman’s study is significant because it offers a closely reasoned and original explanation of some of the slaves’ achievements, one that correctly emphasizes the resources that slaves themselves possessed.
20. According to the passage, Fogel, Engerman, Genovese, and Gutman have all done which of the following?
i. Discounted the influence of plantation owners on slaves’ achievements.
iI. Emphasized the achievements of slaves.
iII. Pointed out the prevalence of the two-parent household among slaves.
iV. Showed the connection between stable monogamy and slaves’ cultural heritage.
(A) I and II only
(B) I and IV only
(C) II and III only
(D) I, III, and IV only
(E) II, III, and IV only
21. With which of the following statements regarding the resources that historians ought to use would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?
(A) Historians ought to make use of written rather than oral accounts.
(B) Historians should rely primarily on birth registers.
(C) Historians should rely exclusively on data that can be quantified.
(D) Historians ought to make use of data that can be quantified.
(E) Historians ought to draw on earlier historical research but they should do so in order to refute it.
22. Which of the following statements about the formation of the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression is best supported by the information presented in the passage?
(A) The heritage was formed primarily out of the experiences of those slaves who attempted to preserve the stability of their families.
(B) The heritage was not formed out of the experiences of those slaves who married their cousins.
(C) The heritage was formed more out of the African than out of the American experiences of slaves.
(D) The heritage was not formed out of the experiences of only a single generation of slaves.
(E) The heritage was formed primarily out of slaves’ experiences of interdependence on newly created plantations in the Southwest.
23. It can be inferred from the passage that, of the following, the most probable reason why a historian of slavery might be interested in studying the type of plantations mentioned in line 25 is that this type would
(A) give the historian access to the most complete plantation birth registers
(B) permit the historian to observe the kinship patterns that had been most popular among West African tribes
(C) provide the historian with evidence concerning the preference of freed slaves for stable monogamy
(D) furnish the historian with the opportunity to discover the kind of marital commitment that slaves themselves chose to have
(E) allow the historian to examine the influence of slaves’ preferences on the actions of plantation owners
24. According to the passage, all of the following are true of the West African rules governing marriage mentioned in lines 46-50 EXCEPT:
(A) The rules were derived from rules governing fictive kinship arrangements.
(B) The rules forbade marriages between close kin.
(C) The rules are mentioned in Herbert Gutman’s study.
(D) The rules were not uniform in all respects from one West African tribe to another.
(E) The rules have been considered to be a possible source of slaves’ marriage preferences.
25. Which of the following statements concerning the marriage practices of plantation owners during the period of Black slavery in the United States can most logically be inferred from the information in the passage?
(A) These practices began to alter sometime around the mid-eighteenth century.
(B) These practices varied markedly from one region of the country to another.
(C) Plantation owners usually based their choice of marriage partners on economic considerations.
(D) Plantation owners often married earlier than slaves.
(E) Plantation owners often married their cousins.
26. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
(A) The author compares and contrasts the work of several historians and then discusses areas for possible new research.
(B) The author presents his thesis, draws on the work of several historians for evidence to support his thesis, and concludes by reiterating his thesis.
(C) The author describes some features of a historical study and then uses those features to put forth his own argument.
(D) The author summarizes a historical study, examines two main arguments from the study, and then shows how the arguments are potentially in conflict with one another.
(E) The author presents the general argument of a historical study, describes the study in more detail, and concludes with a brief judgments of the study’s value.
27. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content?
(A) The Influence of Herbert Gutman on Historians of Slavery in the United States
(B) Gutman’s Explanation of How Slaves Could Maintain a Cultural Heritage and Develop a Communal Consciousness
(C) Slavery in the United States: New Controversy About an Old Subject
(D) The Black Heritage of Folklore, Music, and Religious Expression: Its Growing Influence
(E) The Black Family and Extended Kinship Structure: How They Were Important for the Freed Slave
答案：17-27：AECCDDDAEEB
5大技巧助你看懂GRE閱讀生詞推薦6
GRE閱讀解決生詞技巧
提升詞匯基礎(chǔ)減少生詞量
增加考生的GRE詞匯量是最簡單，也是最根本的應(yīng)對方法了。無論是在哪個(gè)方面增加的單詞量都會在閱讀的時(shí)候?qū)ξ覀冇兴鶐椭驗(yàn)殚喿x更重視的是對于全文的理解，而生詞，只要大致知道其含義，不影響閱讀就可以。大家需要明確一點(diǎn)，那就是GRE考試雖然對詞匯整體要求高，但對于不同的題型部分在詞匯的具體需求上還是有所區(qū)別的，填空講究辨析，寫作要求會用，至于數(shù)學(xué)和閱讀，都只要考生能夠做到臉熟，知道基本含義就能順利解決。因此考生在詞匯方面需要根據(jù)不同學(xué)科來進(jìn)行，具體到閱讀，大家可以多看一下考試相關(guān)的課內(nèi)和課外閱讀材料，對于其中出現(xiàn)的詞匯，主要是各類名詞，知道其含義即可，沒有必要背得太過深入。這樣就能比較省力同時(shí)有成效地積累閱讀詞匯，順利應(yīng)對GRE閱讀考試。
掌握猜詞技巧合理猜意思
猜詞能力的高低也是GRE考生閱讀能力水準(zhǔn)的體現(xiàn)。在閱讀中遭遇生詞時(shí)考生必須具備根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力。一般學(xué)術(shù)類的生詞，往往會在詞匯出現(xiàn)的前后加上一些解釋或者提示，考生可以通過上下文來得出詞匯的意思。這一點(diǎn)在科技類或者學(xué)術(shù)類題材的文章中十分常見。文章中經(jīng)常會突然甩出一個(gè)生詞，然后隨即附帶一段解釋。大家假如在閱讀此類文章時(shí)遭遇到生詞，那么上下文里一般都會有解釋，而假如沒有解釋也就代表著這個(gè)詞匯對于理解文章和解題沒有幫助，直接跳過即可。
從作者態(tài)度中分析生詞詞性
如果生詞是動詞或者形容詞，考生可以不必糾結(jié)其意思，判斷詞匯的方向性就可以，不知道具體意思不影響把題做對。這一點(diǎn)很重要，因?yàn)檫@兩種詞性基本上是以修飾的作用為重，所以判斷方向非常重要。舉例來說，GRE閱讀中有不少涉及到主旨和作者態(tài)度的題目，問一篇文章是支持還是反對某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，作者的態(tài)度是褒還是貶等等。大家只要通過從整體上理解文章來判斷出大致方向，那么對于這些詞匯就算不知道其意思，也可以大致明白是褒義還是貶義，并據(jù)此推測出其大致含義。即使還是沒有辦法完全理解生詞，也不至于影響之后的解題。
無視生詞含義直接用來定位
有些生詞是GRE的考官們特意放在那里的，目的就是要出題。這就要求大家把生詞當(dāng)成定位詞，在它周圍尋找問題的答案。多做一些GRE閱讀定位詞方面的訓(xùn)練題對于大家解決生詞是很有幫助的。大家可以加強(qiáng)對于GRE閱讀中細(xì)節(jié)題的訓(xùn)練，一般來說假如出現(xiàn)圍繞生詞設(shè)置的題目，那么大部分題型都會是細(xì)節(jié)題，看不懂這些生詞沒關(guān)系，大家只要記住其所在位置，到時(shí)候快速返回就能順利解題了。
培養(yǎng)主動猜詞習(xí)慣擺脫字典影響
有些考生在平時(shí)練習(xí)閱讀時(shí)隨時(shí)在手邊放著本字典或者開著查詞軟件，一看到生詞就直接去查意思，這種習(xí)慣非常不好。如果養(yǎng)成了不動腦的盲目依賴，就無法培養(yǎng)良好的心里素質(zhì)和做題態(tài)度，畢竟考場上可沒有字典可用。因此，大家在平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)就要學(xué)會放開字典鍛煉自身能力，這將有助于大家培養(yǎng)出猜詞能力。如果實(shí)在需要確認(rèn)詞匯含義，小編建議可以在做完練習(xí)之后在進(jìn)行集中查詢，一方面不會影響到解題時(shí)候的效果，另一方面也能通過權(quán)威渠道補(bǔ)充到生詞?？偠灾贕RE閱讀練習(xí)中請務(wù)必禁止使用任何查詢工具。只有這樣大家才能真正鍛煉出應(yīng)對生詞的實(shí)戰(zhàn)技巧和心得。
綜上所述，GRE閱讀中遭遇詞匯并非沒有辦法解決，上文中提到的這些方法都能幫助考生更好地應(yīng)對來自GRE生詞的挑戰(zhàn)，小編希望大家能夠熟練掌握并運(yùn)用上述方法，順利搞定GRE閱讀中的生詞問題，在閱讀乃至整個(gè)VERBAL部分拿到更多的分?jǐn)?shù)。
GRE閱讀真題
Tocqueville, apparently, was wrong. Jacksonian America was not a fluid, egalitarian society where individual wealth and poverty were ephemeral conditions. At least so argues E. Pessen in his iconoclastic study of the very rich in the United States between 1825 and 1850.
pessen does present a quantity of examples, together with some refreshingly intelligible statistics, to establish the existence of an inordinately wealthy class. Though active in commerce or the professions, most of the wealthy were not self-made but had inherited family fortunes. In no sense mercurial, these great fortunes survived the financial panics that destroyed lesser ones. Indeed, in several cities the wealthiest one percent constantly increased its share until by 1850 it owned half of the community’s wealth. Although these observations are true, Pessen overestimates their importance by concluding from them that the undoubted progress toward inequality in the late eighteenth century continued in the Jacksonian period and that the United States was a class-ridden, plutocratic society even before industrialization.
1. According to the passage, Pessen indicates that all of the following were true of the very wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 EXCEPT:
A. They formed a distinct upper class.
B. Many of them were able to increase their holdings.
C. Some of them worked as professionals or in business.
D. Most of them accumulated their own fortunes.
E. Many of them retained their wealth in spite of financial upheavals.
2. Which of the following best states the author’s main point?
A. Pessen’s study has overturned the previously established view of the social and economic structure of early-nineteenth-century America.
B. Tocqueville’s analysis of the United States in the Jacksonian era remains the definitive account of this period.
C. Pessen’s study is valuable primarily because it shows the continuity of the social system in the United States throughout the nineteenth century.
D. The social patterns and political power of the extremely wealthy in the
United States between 1825 and 1850 are well documented.
E. Pessen challenges a view of the social and economic systems in the United
States from 1825 to 1850, but he draws conclusions that are incorrect.
GRE長難句練習(xí)及解析：植物基因插入
【GRE長難句】One such novel idea is that of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' natural constitution: specifically, the idea of inserting into nonlegumious plants the genes, if they can be identified and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence, the intensified research on legumes.
【意群閱讀版】One such novel idea/ is that of/ inserting into/ the chromosomes of plants/ discrete genes/ that are not/ a part of the/ plants' natural constitution:/ specifically,/ the idea of/ inserting into/ nonlegumious plants/ the genes,/ if they can be/ identified and isolated,/ that fit the/ leguminous plants/ to be hosts/ for nitrogen-fixing bacteria./ Hence,/ the intensified research/ on legumes.
【譯文】一個(gè)這樣的全新的想法，是把非此植物的自然組成部分的不相關(guān)的基因插入到植物的染色體中;具體來說就是這么一個(gè)想法，把一些使得豆科植物能夠成為固氮菌寄主的基因(如果它們能夠被找到并分離出來的話)插入到非豆科植物的基因中去。因此才出現(xiàn)了對豆科植物的深入研究。
倒裝：inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' natural constitution.
正常語序：inserting discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' natural constitution into the chromosomes of plants.
倒裝：the idea of inserting into nonlegumious plants the genes, if they can be identified and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
正常語序：the idea of inserting the genes, if they can be identified and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria into nonlegumious plants.
GRE閱讀
5大技巧助你看懂GRE閱讀生詞推薦7
GRE閱讀猜生詞4個(gè)技巧實(shí)例講解
先看懂體現(xiàn)論證意義的詞匯
GRE文章是論證性文字，不是說明性文字，也不是敘述性文字。這種以論證為特點(diǎn)的文字，存在于GRE閱讀文章的各個(gè)層面：“篇章—段落—句子—單詞”。篇章由多個(gè)論點(diǎn)組成，論點(diǎn)由作為論據(jù)的句子構(gòu)成，句子本身的典型構(gòu)成是前后句由表示論證關(guān)系的詞匯連接，而體現(xiàn)論證的意義的單詞最重要。因此，要真懂得文章，就必須把所有那些表現(xiàn)論證的字、詞、句抓出。
對不影響整體理解的詞匯不用理會
首先要說的是，在閱讀教學(xué)的研究當(dāng)中，語言學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，一篇文章中不認(rèn)識的單詞占全文詞匯總量的比例只要控制在8%以內(nèi)，是絕對不會影響到我們對全文任何觀點(diǎn)的理解的?；谶@一點(diǎn)，我們大家大可不必因?yàn)橛龅搅藥讉€(gè)我們完全沒見過的奇形怪狀的單詞而感到頭痛和掙扎。因?yàn)樗鼈儾蛔阋詫ξ覀兝斫馕恼庐a(chǎn)生影響。
結(jié)合文中定義解釋理解特定生詞
但同時(shí)，我們在閱讀文章的過程中也常常會碰到這樣的一種單詞，那就是專有名詞，尤其是涉及全文主題的專有名詞，難道我們就必須一一認(rèn)識它?答案顯然是否定的。什么叫做認(rèn)識專有名詞?從英到漢的翻譯叫做認(rèn)識?還是知道專有名詞的特征叫做認(rèn)識?讀者請想想看，我們在閱讀理解中有沒有遇到過這樣的問題提法：What is sedge root? 我想沒有，因?yàn)檫@種問法是在問專有名詞的翻譯。我們遇到的更多是這樣的一些問法：According to the passage, which of the following statements about sedge root is true? What can be inferred from the passage about sedge root? 這些問題的提法卻是在問專有名詞的文中闡述特征。我們再從文章本身對這個(gè)問題做出進(jìn)一步的分析。
假設(shè)原文有這樣一句話：Sedge root, a woody fiber that can be easily separated into strands, is essential to basketry production. 請問sedge root的中文翻譯“莎草的根” 能夠幫助我們解決閱讀理解題目嗎?我想很難!真正能夠幫助我們解決閱讀理解題目的應(yīng)該是這樣的文字a woody fiber (木制纖維)和定語從句中的文字部分can be easily separated into strands (能夠輕易地被分割成線)。通過以上的分析，想必大家已經(jīng)非常清楚地認(rèn)識到，過去我們拼命去死記硬背專有名詞的中文釋義是多么愚蠢的行為。因?yàn)檎嬲恼J(rèn)識應(yīng)該是對特征的認(rèn)識，所以一個(gè)專有名詞和他的中文釋義對我們來說是沒有任何意義的，畢竟我們對它們都沒有任何的概念。
只看上下文猜不出生詞意思
最后很多人都說我們可以從上下文中猜出單詞的釋義，難道真的是這樣么? 筆者認(rèn)為從上下文中猜出單詞的釋義是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。例如有這樣一句話“Supernova is a massive star which undergoes gravitational collapse.” 我們是不可能從上下文中猜出supernova的釋義“超新星”的。而我們真正能夠做到的只是從上下文中猜出單詞的特征：supernova是巨大的恒星(massive star)，它在進(jìn)行引力收縮(undergoes gravitational collapse)。于是以后當(dāng)我們遇到不認(rèn)識的單詞，我們可以再也不用停下來思考單詞的釋義，也不用費(fèi)盡思量地去猜所謂的單詞的釋義，我們需要做的只是靜下心來在后面找到單詞在文章當(dāng)中傳達(dá)的特征就可以。
GRE長難句練習(xí)及解析：薛定諤氫原子方程式
Thus,for instance,it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom，but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin，magnetic dipole，and relativistic effects;and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations. (5)
因此，舉例來說，對數(shù)學(xué)家而言，了解到下述情形可能會令其驚愕不已，即薛定諤(Schrodinger)的氫原子方程式并非是對該原子作出的一種絕然正確的描述，而僅僅是個(gè)近似值，趨近于一個(gè)在某種程度上更為正確的將自旋、磁性偶極子、以及相對論效應(yīng)考慮在內(nèi)的方程式;而這個(gè)得以糾正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一個(gè)不完美的近似值，趨近于無窮無盡的一整套量子場論方程式。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、省略
解釋：讀到此句時(shí)，數(shù)學(xué)家不見得震驚，暈倒的考生恐怕不在少數(shù)。不但句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，而且羅列了大量的專有名詞。對于不是理科的同學(xué)來講，在閱讀這篇文章的現(xiàn)場清楚地明白應(yīng)該讀到什么程度遠(yuǎn)比研究這些生僻的專有名詞更重要。其實(shí)是否知道薛定鄂方程對讀者來說并不見得重要，GRE考試的出題者也不見得知道它;關(guān)鍵是要讀懂句子的主要意思;數(shù)學(xué)家不能理解不精確和近似值的偉大意義。不過在本書中，出現(xiàn)的句子均以閱讀訓(xùn)練為目的，所以讀者仍要把句子的結(jié)構(gòu)讀清楚。
主句中的主語it是一個(gè)開工主語，其具體的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是從to learn開始一直到句子結(jié)束的長達(dá)八行的不定式，但是此不定式實(shí)在太長，如果放在句首則句子無法平衡。Learn后面帶著兩個(gè)以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，中間以分號和and分開，可以把分號以后的句子看成是and it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that的省略形式。
意群訓(xùn)練：Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematiians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations.
GRE長難句練習(xí)及解析：出版的書信全集
But those of us who hoped， with Kolb， that Kolb’s newly published complete edition of Proust’s correspondence for 1909 would document the process in greater detail are disappointed.
譯文：但是我們當(dāng)中的那些希望(也算上Kolb本人)Kolb新出版的19書信的全集能夠更加詳細(xì)的記錄下這一過程的人都大失所望。
解釋：該句考察的也是復(fù)雜修飾和插入語。首先是受who引導(dǎo)的定語從句的影響，主語those of us與謂語的距離很遠(yuǎn)是造成該句子你難以讀懂的原因之一;修飾主語those of us的定語從句who hoped之中又套了一個(gè)of引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，賓語從句的主語complete edition又被一前一后的兩個(gè)定語所修飾，讓整個(gè)句子顯得錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜難以理解是造成句子難懂的原因之二;再者，本就是從句套從句的句子當(dāng)中又加入了一個(gè)小小的插入語with Kolb，這個(gè)句子雖小，但是卻打斷了定語從句前后完整的連接，這可謂是造成整個(gè)句子難理解的原因之三。
解法：放眼一望，不難看出本句是從句中套從句，還連帶有插入語。為了避免干擾，考試可以直接跳過who引導(dǎo)的定于從句和with引導(dǎo)的成對出現(xiàn)逗號的插入語，直接定位到后面的句子謂語部分，化繁為簡：But those of us are disappointed. 如此以來，此題志在必得。
英語閱讀
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