托福聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)抄訓(xùn)練方法介紹3篇托福聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)寫(xiě)方法

時(shí)間：2023-01-06 09:14:05 綜合范文

　　下面是范文網(wǎng)小編分享的托福聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)抄訓(xùn)練方法介紹3篇托福聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)寫(xiě)方法，供大家參考。

托福聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)抄訓(xùn)練方法介紹1

　　Living at the top of the food chain, sharks can accumulate dangerous levels of methylmercury. So much that pregnant women and children are advised not to eat shark at all. But sharks can accumulate another toxin too, called BMAA, which has been linked to the development of neurodegenerative disease. Which could be bad news for shark eaters.

"Mercury in combination with BMAA is a one-two punch." Deborah Mash, a professor of neurology at the University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine. "These are two synergistic toxins. So even if there are low levels of exposure from the mercury or the BMAA, when humans are exposed to both of these toxins, then they will have a synergistic effect on the nervous system."

　　BMAA starts out in cyanobacteria, and travels up the food chain through crabs and shrimp and fish. And, as previous studies have shown, makes all the way to sharks. What Mash and her colleagues wanted to know was how widespread the problem was, and if the chemical often appeared alongside mercury. So they analyzed fin and muscle samples from 10 species of shark—55 individuals in all—from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. And they found BMAA and mercury in all 10 species. Suggesting that exposure to that "one-two punch" could be pretty common. The results are in the journal Toxins.

　　It's still not clear at this point what sort of risk this occasional exposure through food might have. Still, Mash isn't waiting.

"I myself would not want to be exposed to BMAA or methyl mercury in my diet by eating shark fin or shark meat or taking shark cartilage products. We already know that mercury is toxic to our health. And we already know that BMAA plus mercury is a very bad mix for the brain. So people need to be concerned, and I think that's not only for the benefit of us as consumers, but also to the poor sharks, who are threatened with extinction."

　　Conservationists have argued for years that sharks should be spared. Maybe now that it's us who are threatened... people might finally start to leave them alone.

　　因?yàn)樯钤谑澄镦湹捻敹?，所以鯊魚(yú)可以積累達(dá)到危險(xiǎn)水平的汞。因?yàn)轷忯~(yú)體內(nèi)的汞含量非常高，所以建議孕婦和兒童不要吃鯊魚(yú)。但是，鯊魚(yú)還能積累另外一種毒素——BMAA，這種毒素與神經(jīng)退行性疾病的發(fā)展有關(guān)。這對(duì)愛(ài)吃鯊魚(yú)的人來(lái)說(shuō)可是個(gè)壞消息。

“汞和BMAA的結(jié)合可謂是雙重重?fù)簟！摈觳├ゑR許是邁阿密大學(xué)米勒醫(yī)學(xué)院的神經(jīng)學(xué)教授?！斑@是兩種協(xié)同作用的毒素。即使汞或者BMAA的含量很低，但是只要人類(lèi)接觸到這兩種毒素，它們就會(huì)對(duì)人的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生協(xié)同效應(yīng)?！?/p>

　　BMAA最初存在于藍(lán)藻中，之后通過(guò)螃蟹、蝦類(lèi)和魚(yú)類(lèi)進(jìn)入食物鏈上層。此前的研究已經(jīng)表明，BMAA最后進(jìn)入鯊魚(yú)體內(nèi)。馬許和她的同事們想知道，如果這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)經(jīng)常和汞一起出現(xiàn)，那這個(gè)問(wèn)題的普遍性有多大。所以，他們從太平洋和大西洋的55只鯊魚(yú)中提取分析了10種鯊魚(yú)的鰭和肌肉樣本。在這10種鯊魚(yú)中，均發(fā)現(xiàn)了BMAA和汞。這表明，這兩種毒素的結(jié)合非常普遍。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《毒素》雜志上。

　　目前尚不清楚通過(guò)食物接觸這些毒素會(huì)產(chǎn)生何種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。但是馬許并沒(méi)有坐等結(jié)果。

“我不想因?yàn)槌贼~(yú)翅、鯊魚(yú)肉或服用鯊魚(yú)軟骨制品而在飲食中接觸到BMAA或甲基汞。我們已經(jīng)知道汞危害我們的健康。我們也知道BMAA和汞結(jié)合會(huì)對(duì)我們的大腦造成更嚴(yán)重的危害。所以，我認(rèn)為人們擔(dān)心的不應(yīng)該僅僅是我們作為消費(fèi)者的利益，同時(shí)也要擔(dān)心瀕臨滅絕的可憐的鯊魚(yú)?！?/p>

　　多年來(lái)，環(huán)保人士一直認(rèn)為應(yīng)該保護(hù)鯊魚(yú)。也許現(xiàn)在受到威脅的是我們?nèi)祟?lèi)……所以，現(xiàn)在人們可能不會(huì)再去管它們了。

　　重點(diǎn)講解：

　　1. even if 即使;盡管;縱然;

　　例句：They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed.

　　即使你不成功他們也會(huì)支持你。

　　2. be exposed to 使暴露于(險(xiǎn)境);使遭受(危險(xiǎn)或不快);

　　例句：Women who are exposed to mercury, cadmium, or vinyl chloride before conceiving seem to be especially likely to have autistic kids.

　　女性在懷孕期間接觸汞、鎘或氯乙烯很有可能會(huì)生出自閉癥患兒。

　　3. start out 起初是…;

　　例句：He started out to fix the car himself, but in the end, he had to ask for help.

　　起初他本打算自己修車(chē)，可最后他還是不得不請(qǐng)人幫忙。

　　4. leave alone 聽(tīng)…自便;隨…去;不打擾;

　　例句：Some people need to confront a traumatic past; others find it better to leave it alone.

　　有人需要直面過(guò)去的創(chuàng)傷，有人則覺(jué)得不去想它為妙。

托福聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)抄訓(xùn)練方法介紹2

　　練習(xí)聽(tīng)抄的主要目的在于提高聽(tīng)力的精度，提高聽(tīng)懂一句話的能力。具體步驟如下：

　　1、聽(tīng)一遍全文，了解全文大意;

　　2、再聽(tīng)一遍全文，重點(diǎn)記錄全文主旨和梗概;

　　3、開(kāi)始逐句聽(tīng)寫(xiě)：聽(tīng)一句，暫停，將這一句完整寫(xiě)下來(lái)，寫(xiě)的時(shí)候注意先寫(xiě)出句子的主干部分(主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)成分)，再返回繼續(xù)重聽(tīng)這一句，進(jìn)一步完善這一句，直到全句完全寫(xiě)出為止;

　　注意：務(wù)必以整句為單位聽(tīng)寫(xiě);每聽(tīng)寫(xiě)三句和原文文本核對(duì)一次。

　　4、將句子中未能聽(tīng)寫(xiě)出的詞或短語(yǔ)的位置上畫(huà)上橫線表示仍有信息缺失;

　　5、重聽(tīng)有信息缺失的句子，用不同顏色的筆改正其中錯(cuò)誤、補(bǔ)充未能識(shí)別的內(nèi)容;

　　6、開(kāi)始聽(tīng)下一句，步驟同3、4，直到全文聽(tīng)寫(xiě)完為止;

　　7、總結(jié)生詞，抄寫(xiě)到本子上;

　　8、反復(fù)聽(tīng)讀并背誦7中總結(jié)出的詞和短語(yǔ)。

　　托福聽(tīng)力記筆記重點(diǎn)介紹

　　重點(diǎn)在于突出文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和重要信息點(diǎn)，如官方真題Official24L3中對(duì)于北美大型動(dòng)物消失原因的討論，如果落實(shí)到筆記上，首先要突出的是文章的總分結(jié)構(gòu)，三個(gè)理論的框架要能體現(xiàn)，其次要能體現(xiàn)重要信息點(diǎn)，如文章中對(duì)理論的評(píng)價(jià)。練習(xí)時(shí)要注意對(duì)一篇文章做完筆記后，務(wù)必要和文章的文本做一次核對(duì)，逐一核對(duì)文章的段落和信息點(diǎn)是否在筆記中有體現(xiàn)，并在完成核對(duì)后注意總結(jié)。

　　學(xué)會(huì)了以上訓(xùn)練方法，大家再想要提升對(duì)托福聽(tīng)力重點(diǎn)學(xué)科的了解就不會(huì)那么困難了，希望每位有所欠缺的同學(xué)都能掌握這些訓(xùn)練技巧要點(diǎn)提升應(yīng)試能力。

托福聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)抄訓(xùn)練方法介紹3

　　This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

　　Used to be, teenage kids had to carry around a bag of flour wrapped in a blanket to learn the responsibilities of parenthood. But these days? The same lesson is taught with hi-tech dolls that cry and record every interaction.

"You know they get grumpy, you have to rock them to calm them down, they have to be fed." Sally Brinkman, an epidemiologist at the Telethon Kids Institute, in Australia. "It's supposed to be so tiring and so difficult that it puts them off and they say 'I don't want to be a teenage mom.' And then they think about contraception and all of those sorts of things."

　　Problem is, that theory — that the dolls will discourage teenage parenthood—doesn't seem to be true, according to a new study by Brinkman and her colleagues. The team recruited nearly 3,000 13- to 15-year-old girls for the trial, from 57 schools in Western Australia. All the girls got the standard Australian curriculum on contraception and sexual health. But half had to care for the infant dolls—and got extra education sessions with the school nurse.

　　The team's hypothesis? "We thought either it's going to make a difference, or it's going to make no difference whatsoever. We hadn't expected that it would do the opposite." And in fact, the girls who cared for the dolls were nearly one and a half times more likely to get pregnant before age 20, than teens in the control group. The findings are in The Lancet.

　　The company that makes the dolls has criticized the trial, and says the researchers didn't properly implement the educational portion of the program. But Brinkman disagrees. Maybe, she says, the program itself is flawed. "If we're inadvertently increasing teenage pregnancy rates, you know, this program needs to stop. We shouldn't be delivering it in schools."

　　以前，十幾歲的孩子在學(xué)習(xí)為人父母的責(zé)任時(shí)要帶著裹在毯子里的一袋面粉。那現(xiàn)在呢?現(xiàn)在，同樣的課程用可以哭還可以記錄所有互動(dòng)的高科技娃娃來(lái)完成。

“你知道他們會(huì)生氣，你要抱著他們輕輕晃動(dòng)來(lái)讓他們平靜下來(lái)，你要喂他們吃東西?！彼_莉·布林克曼是澳大利亞特里松兒童研究院的流行病學(xué)家?！斑@既累人又很難，會(huì)讓他們失去耐心，他們會(huì)說(shuō)‘我不想當(dāng)年輕媽媽。'然后他們會(huì)考慮避孕和其他相關(guān)問(wèn)題?！?/p>

　　問(wèn)題是，娃娃會(huì)讓年輕父母感到泄氣的理論看起來(lái)并不正確，這是布林克曼和她同事進(jìn)行的新研究得出的結(jié)論。布林我曼和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)從西澳大利亞57所學(xué)校招募了近3000名13至15歲的女孩進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。所有女孩都在澳大利亞國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程學(xué)習(xí)了避孕和性健康的知識(shí)。其中有一半女孩曾照顧過(guò)嬰兒娃娃，而且在護(hù)校學(xué)習(xí)了額外的教育課程。

　　該團(tuán)隊(duì)的假設(shè)?“我們認(rèn)為，結(jié)果要么有區(qū)別，要么就完全沒(méi)有區(qū)別。我們沒(méi)想到結(jié)果恰恰相反?！睂?shí)際上，曾經(jīng)照顧過(guò)娃娃的女孩可能在20歲以前懷孕的機(jī)率比對(duì)照組中的女孩高出1.5倍。這一研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《柳葉刀》期刊上。

　　生產(chǎn)這種娃娃的公司對(duì)這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了指責(zé)，他們認(rèn)為研究人員沒(méi)有妥善實(shí)施該項(xiàng)目的教育責(zé)任。但是布林克曼不同意這種說(shuō)法。她說(shuō)，也許這個(gè)項(xiàng)目本身就存在缺陷?！叭绻覀儫o(wú)意中使少女懷孕率上升，那這個(gè)項(xiàng)目就要停止。我們不應(yīng)該在學(xué)校里進(jìn)行這個(gè)項(xiàng)目?！?/p>

　　重點(diǎn)講解：

　　1. calm down (使)平靜下來(lái);(使)鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái);

　　例句：His rage was soon calmed down by the rustic peace.

　　鄉(xiāng)村的寧?kù)o很快就使他的怒氣平靜下來(lái)。

　　2. put off 使反感;使對(duì)…失去興趣;

　　例句：The high divorce figures don't seem to be putting people off marriage.

　　離婚的人很多，但這好像并沒(méi)有打消人們對(duì)結(jié)婚的熱情。

　　3. care for 照料;照顧;護(hù)理;

　　例句：It seemed to be her mission to care for her brother's children.

　　照顧她兄弟的孩子似乎成了她一生的使命。

　　4. in fact (用于修正、引出相反意見(jiàn)或?qū)Ρ鹊?事實(shí)上，其實(shí);

　　例句：No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way.