下面是范文網(wǎng)小編整理的計(jì)算機(jī)通用類專業(yè)技術(shù)崗位職責(zé)共5篇 專業(yè)技術(shù)崗位和管理崗位對(duì)應(yīng)，供大家賞析。
計(jì)算機(jī)通用類專業(yè)技術(shù)崗位職責(zé)共1
1.公司水產(chǎn)類產(chǎn)品推廣過(guò)程中的技術(shù)支持及售后服務(wù)工作。2.公司水產(chǎn)類產(chǎn)品使用說(shuō)明及養(yǎng)殖手冊(cè)的編輯工作。3.養(yǎng)殖用戶技術(shù)問(wèn)題的解答。計(jì)算機(jī)通用類專業(yè)技術(shù)崗位職責(zé)共2
專業(yè)技術(shù)人員崗位職責(zé)
根據(jù)上級(jí)文件精神，結(jié)合我校實(shí)際情況，按照經(jīng)過(guò)上級(jí)職改部門已核定過(guò)的所設(shè)專業(yè)技術(shù)崗位，結(jié)合專業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)任職條件和年度考核結(jié)論，對(duì)我校經(jīng)職稱評(píng)審或考試所確定具有相關(guān)技術(shù)職務(wù)任職資格的專業(yè)技術(shù)人員實(shí)行聘任制。
聘任分續(xù)聘、不聘和解聘。續(xù)聘分為資格職務(wù)同級(jí)聘用和低職聘用，聘期為一年。 聘用期間的工資待遇按所聘職務(wù)執(zhí)行。
所聘專業(yè)技術(shù)人員，必須努力提高自己的政治思想覺(jué)悟、道德水準(zhǔn)、文化業(yè)務(wù)水平和履行職責(zé)的能力，發(fā)揮為社會(huì)主義教育事業(yè)服務(wù)的積極性和創(chuàng)造性，努力完成好本職工作。 為此，特明確專業(yè)技術(shù)人員崗位及職責(zé)如下： 一、崗位
設(shè)中學(xué)教師系列、財(cái)務(wù)系列、衛(wèi)生系列、圖文博系列，機(jī)關(guān)職務(wù)崗位按上級(jí)定編控制數(shù)確定各系列崗位職數(shù)。 二、總則
（一）中學(xué)教師系列
本系列設(shè)中學(xué)高級(jí)教師、中學(xué)一級(jí)教師、中學(xué)二級(jí)教師職務(wù)。 [中學(xué)高級(jí)教師職責(zé)總則] 1、承擔(dān)學(xué)校安排的教育教學(xué)任務(wù)、指導(dǎo)教育教學(xué)研究工作。 2、承擔(dān)教育科學(xué)研究任務(wù)。
3、指導(dǎo)一、二級(jí)或未定級(jí)教師的教育教學(xué)工作，承擔(dān)培養(yǎng)教師的任務(wù)。 [中學(xué)一級(jí)教師職責(zé)總則] 1、承擔(dān)教學(xué)任務(wù)。
2、在課內(nèi)外對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行思想品德教育，擔(dān)任班主任或組織輔導(dǎo)學(xué)生課外活動(dòng)。 3、承擔(dān)和組織教育教學(xué)研究工作。
4、指導(dǎo)二級(jí)或未定級(jí)教師的教育教學(xué)工作或承擔(dān)培養(yǎng)教師的任務(wù) [中學(xué)二級(jí)教師職責(zé)總則] 1、承擔(dān)教學(xué)任務(wù)。
2、在課內(nèi)外對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行思想品德教育，擔(dān)任班主任或組織、輔導(dǎo)學(xué)生課外活動(dòng)。 3、參加教學(xué)研究工作。
4、認(rèn)真鉆研業(yè)務(wù)，虛心學(xué)習(xí)和請(qǐng)教，接受老教師的指導(dǎo)和培養(yǎng)。 （二）財(cái)會(huì)系列：
本系列設(shè)會(huì)計(jì)師、助理會(huì)計(jì)師、會(huì)計(jì)員職務(wù)。 崗位職責(zé)見(jiàn)分崗職責(zé)相關(guān)崗位要求。 （三）衛(wèi)生系列：
本系列設(shè)主治醫(yī)師、主管護(hù)師、助理醫(yī)師、助理護(hù)士職務(wù)。 崗位職責(zé)見(jiàn)分崗職責(zé)相關(guān)崗位要求。 （四）圖文博系列：
本系列設(shè)館員、助理館員、圖書管理員職務(wù)。 崗位職責(zé)見(jiàn)分崗職責(zé)相關(guān)崗位要求。 三、分崗位職責(zé)如下
教 師
崗位主要職責(zé)
（一）認(rèn)真貫徹執(zhí)行國(guó)家的教育方針，努力更新教育觀念，提高業(yè)務(wù)水平，面向全體學(xué)生，面向?qū)W生的每一個(gè)方面，寓德育教育于學(xué)科教學(xué)之中，為人師表，積極主動(dòng)協(xié)助班主任做好學(xué)生的思想政治工作。
（二）認(rèn)真參加學(xué)校組織的政治、業(yè)務(wù)學(xué)習(xí)及各項(xiàng)社會(huì)活動(dòng)，積極參與學(xué)校民主管理，參與協(xié)調(diào)學(xué)校與家庭、社會(huì)的配合教育。 （三）努力學(xué)習(xí)教育理論和本學(xué)科的專業(yè)知識(shí)及相關(guān)知識(shí)，理解、掌握教學(xué)大綱和德育大綱，
1
制訂本學(xué)科學(xué)期、學(xué)年教學(xué)工作計(jì)劃，鉆研教材，了解、研究學(xué)生，積極參加教育、教學(xué)研究和集體備課，認(rèn)真寫好教案。
（四）上好每一節(jié)課。教學(xué)目的明確，恰當(dāng)處理教材的重、難點(diǎn)，講解、示范準(zhǔn)確，講究教學(xué)方法，充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性，完成預(yù)定的教學(xué)計(jì)劃和任務(wù)，注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的素質(zhì)，發(fā)展學(xué)生的潛能。
（五）及時(shí)認(rèn)真批改作業(yè)，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方法。注意因材施教，培養(yǎng)和愛(ài)護(hù)學(xué)生的特長(zhǎng)。 （六）根據(jù)學(xué)科、年級(jí)特點(diǎn)，開(kāi)展補(bǔ)差與輔導(dǎo)工作，熱忱幫助后進(jìn)學(xué)生，組織課外興趣小組活動(dòng)，培訓(xùn)學(xué)科競(jìng)賽隊(duì)伍，提高全體學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)與能力素質(zhì)。
（七）搞好教學(xué)質(zhì)量考查工作。按照教學(xué)質(zhì)量要求和考試規(guī)定，認(rèn)真做好命題、監(jiān)考和閱卷評(píng)分工作，實(shí)事求是地分析講評(píng)試卷的方法。
（八）關(guān)心、了解國(guó)內(nèi)外本學(xué)科的教改信息和科研動(dòng)態(tài)，積極參加教研活動(dòng)和教改試驗(yàn)，不斷提高教學(xué)與研究水平。
（九）執(zhí)行教學(xué)工作衛(wèi)生要求，關(guān)心學(xué)生健康，減輕學(xué)生作業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生體質(zhì)。 （十）積極參與全校學(xué)生科技節(jié)、體育節(jié)、藝術(shù)節(jié)等重大活動(dòng)的組織、指導(dǎo)工作。 以上是各個(gè)學(xué)科教師的共同基本職責(zé)，由于學(xué)科性質(zhì)關(guān)系到教師職責(zé)，所以不同學(xué)科的教師其職責(zé)還有一些不同的要求： [政治教師] 認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)事政治，掌握黨和國(guó)家的重大方針政策，有針對(duì)性地對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行形勢(shì)教育、政策教育、法制教育。
充分發(fā)揮政治課作為學(xué)生思想政治工作主要渠道的作用，啟發(fā)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生用馬克思主義的立場(chǎng)、觀點(diǎn)和方法分析、處理問(wèn)題，逐步使學(xué)生樹立科學(xué)的世界觀、人生觀和方法論。指導(dǎo)學(xué)生社會(huì)調(diào)查和社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。 [語(yǔ)文教師] 在傳授語(yǔ)文知識(shí)的同時(shí)，抓好思維能力和思維方法的訓(xùn)練。注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力及閱讀能力、鑒賞能力。
認(rèn)真上好選修課，積極開(kāi)設(shè)古詩(shī)欣賞、文學(xué)欣賞等講座；指導(dǎo)學(xué)生搞好社會(huì)調(diào)查和社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)；發(fā)揮自身的專長(zhǎng)，不斷寫出有質(zhì)量的教學(xué)總結(jié)和論文。 [數(shù)學(xué)教師] 懂得高等數(shù)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，掌握數(shù)學(xué)基本思想方法，能居高臨下把握中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)大綱和教材，激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣，通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生邏輯思維和推理能力。 教學(xué)語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練，推理論證嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，解題規(guī)范，繪圖準(zhǔn)確。
根據(jù)教學(xué)需要自行設(shè)計(jì)、制作數(shù)學(xué)教具，模型，以利學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。 [物理教師] 物理教師應(yīng)重視實(shí)驗(yàn)課，要盡量設(shè)法讓學(xué)生多做實(shí)驗(yàn)。 提前兩天準(zhǔn)備好上課所需的儀器、掛圖、電化教學(xué)設(shè)備，課堂演示實(shí)驗(yàn)的操作要起示范作用，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生觀察現(xiàn)象、分析問(wèn)題，得出正確結(jié)論。
認(rèn)真指導(dǎo)學(xué)生實(shí)驗(yàn)，教育學(xué)生遵守實(shí)驗(yàn)室規(guī)則和儀器操作規(guī)則，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后，教育學(xué)生整理好實(shí)驗(yàn)器材，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)態(tài)度。
設(shè)計(jì)和改進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器和裝置，努力提高實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)的質(zhì)量。 [化學(xué)教師] 重視實(shí)驗(yàn)課，提前一天準(zhǔn)備好上課所需的儀器、藥品、掛圖、教具，用過(guò)后及時(shí)歸還實(shí)驗(yàn)室。 應(yīng)于一周前將學(xué)生實(shí)驗(yàn)所需儀器、藥品通知管理員，實(shí)驗(yàn)前一天應(yīng)仔細(xì)檢查準(zhǔn)備情況，避免臨時(shí)缺儀少藥現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)。
實(shí)驗(yàn)課上教師對(duì)學(xué)生應(yīng)有嚴(yán)格要求，要教育學(xué)生遵守操作規(guī)程，愛(ài)護(hù)儀器，節(jié)省藥品，嚴(yán)防意外事故，實(shí)驗(yàn)完畢后，應(yīng)要求學(xué)生將儀器洗凈，整理收拾好。
在化學(xué)教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察、分析、解決問(wèn)題的能力和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)態(tài)度。 [生物教師] 重視實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)，做好實(shí)驗(yàn)前的一切準(zhǔn)備工作，并做到實(shí)驗(yàn)前教師預(yù)先操作成功。
重視課外活動(dòng)，注意通過(guò)課外活動(dòng)激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察、分析、解釋生物現(xiàn)象的能力及解剖動(dòng)物，制作植物、動(dòng)物標(biāo)本等基本技能。 [外語(yǔ)教師]
2
教師在課堂教學(xué)中盡可能地使用外語(yǔ)教學(xué)，做到密度容量適中，語(yǔ)言、語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)匯處理恰當(dāng)，力求提高課堂效率。 以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫能力為目標(biāo)，不斷改革教法，考試內(nèi)容要加入口試或聽(tīng)力測(cè)驗(yàn)，以全面考核學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的情況。 充分運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代化教學(xué)手段和設(shè)施，積極開(kāi)展外語(yǔ)課外活動(dòng)，有計(jì)劃、有組織地安排英語(yǔ)講座、教學(xué)錄像、競(jìng)賽輔導(dǎo)等活動(dòng)。 [史地教師] 要運(yùn)用史地課的有關(guān)教材內(nèi)容對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行愛(ài)國(guó)主義教育、理想前途教育、道德品質(zhì)教育、國(guó)情教育、國(guó)土知識(shí)教育。
要改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法，運(yùn)用教具進(jìn)行直觀教學(xué)，充分使用電教手段，使史地教學(xué)逐漸現(xiàn)代化。 史地課運(yùn)用史料必須真實(shí)，觀點(diǎn)必須正確。 [音美教師] 備課要做到先查找、收集有關(guān)資料進(jìn)行初備，課前結(jié)合有關(guān)圖片、幻燈片或音像資料，詳細(xì)、認(rèn)真地進(jìn)行復(fù)備。
課前必須認(rèn)真檢查所需教學(xué)設(shè)備使用的可靠性，所需掛圖、磁帶等是否完備；凡需上課演奏（或畫）的作品必須在課前準(zhǔn)備好。
做好課外的選優(yōu)、補(bǔ)差工作，對(duì)班級(jí)中具有藝術(shù)特長(zhǎng)的尖子生要心中有數(shù)，重點(diǎn)培養(yǎng)。課外活動(dòng)內(nèi)容的選擇，既要注意學(xué)生的年齡特征，興趣愛(ài)好，又要注意思想性與藝術(shù)性的結(jié)合。注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的藝術(shù)興趣、藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)能力和審美、鑒賞美的水平。 注意對(duì)學(xué)校中各項(xiàng)文藝活動(dòng)和藝術(shù)比賽進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)和訓(xùn)練；組織安排學(xué)校的內(nèi)、外賓接待工作中的藝術(shù)活動(dòng)，并準(zhǔn)備相當(dāng)?shù)墓?jié)目或作品進(jìn)行交流；對(duì)本組藝術(shù)設(shè)備、器材及演出樂(lè)器、服裝等正確使用，妥善保管，并定期清點(diǎn)。 [勞技教師] 突出勞技各學(xué)科以實(shí)踐為主的原則，認(rèn)真指導(dǎo)學(xué)生的實(shí)踐，教育學(xué)生遵守操作規(guī)程。 根據(jù)學(xué)科特點(diǎn)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的勞動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)、勞動(dòng)習(xí)慣、勞動(dòng)技能和熱愛(ài)勞動(dòng)人民的思想感情。 根據(jù)教學(xué)需要，自制教具，改進(jìn)教學(xué)。 [體育教師] 充分做好課前準(zhǔn)備，提前15分鐘到場(chǎng)做好自己精神、身體、服裝的準(zhǔn)備；做好場(chǎng)地、器材的準(zhǔn)備；課后清點(diǎn)器材并及時(shí)歸還。
課堂教學(xué)做到器材搭配合理，既注意三基傳授，又重視增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，課的強(qiáng)度和密度能符合學(xué)生的生理心理特點(diǎn)。
組織好課外體育活動(dòng)，負(fù)責(zé)做好班級(jí)課外體育的內(nèi)容安排、場(chǎng)地器材準(zhǔn)備和組織輔導(dǎo)，積極開(kāi)展所教年級(jí)小型多樣的競(jìng)賽活動(dòng)。
積極推行國(guó)家體育鍛煉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，進(jìn)一步提高達(dá)標(biāo)率和優(yōu)秀率，把好達(dá)標(biāo)測(cè)驗(yàn)的質(zhì)量關(guān)。 加強(qiáng)對(duì)學(xué)校代表隊(duì)的訓(xùn)練。做到經(jīng)?；?、制度化，并注意運(yùn)動(dòng)員的全面發(fā)展。
加強(qiáng)對(duì)學(xué)生身體機(jī)能、形態(tài)和素質(zhì)的測(cè)定工作，配合衛(wèi)生室做好一年一次的學(xué)生健康檢查。 加強(qiáng)安全教育，器械項(xiàng)目要交代保護(hù)方法，投擲項(xiàng)目一定要教師親自掌握，如有傷害事故發(fā)生，教師一定要親自認(rèn)真處理，并及時(shí)向校長(zhǎng)和班主任報(bào)告。
3
計(jì)算機(jī)通用類專業(yè)技術(shù)崗位職責(zé)共3
Visual Basic language and arithmetic The United States launched the Microsoft Visual Basic (may be referred to VB, is the latest version of the current VB 2008 Beta2 (VB9 Chinese meaning the visual, visible, referring to the development of operating systems like windows graphical user interface (Graphic User Interface, GUI method, it does not need to prepare a large number code to describe the appearance of the interface elements and location, as long as the pre - The establishment of good drag and drop objects on the screen corresponding to the is actually an abbreviation of the phrase; this phrase is Beginners all-purpose symbolic instruction code, the Chinese meaning \"to the initial directive GM symbol code language.\" Visual Basic learning, Profeional Edition and Enterprise Edition versions to meet the different needs of the and apply to the ordinary version of the majority of learners and the use of Visual Basic development of the general staff of Windows applications, but; profeional version for computer profeional development of staff, including the study of functional version of the full content control and Internet development tools such as advanced features ,Enterprise contain not only all the profeional version of the content, there are automated tools such as Component Manager, profeional programmers to make the development of a powerful group eence of distributed Basic Section 1 the summary of Visual Basic Microsoft Visual Basic,( abbreviate VB as tool the most of application program one of under Windows operating matter beginner or profeional developer, VB has all offered a whole set of tools to them, Development application program that it can
be relaxed and VB as most computer first-selected the ABC of programming language of beginner.\" Visual\" mean method to adopt visual user of development figure interface (GUI, need and write a large number of code go and describe interface appearance and position of element seldom, Tow and show controlling part that need corresponding position to get screen can help figure design interface, user of figure,; \" Basic\" means BASIC language, because VB is developed on the basis of already existing BAISC is a kind of programming language in common use of Microsoft, It, including VBA of the numerous Windows application software use VB language in Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Acceed., For users to carry on the secondary development; Make web page use more VBScript script language sub collection of VB too at data of VB visit characteristic user can establish the data base to most data base forms including Microsoft SQL Server and other enterprises data base With the application program of front, and adjustable service end ActiveX(TM technology, VB can use word proceor, electronic data list he Windows function that application program offers extremely, Excel of Microsoft,, Word of Microsoft,, Even can use by VB specialty edition or enterprise application program and target that edition establish procedure that users established finally is a real .EXE file , can iue freely .VB offer study edition, the specialty edition and enterprise edition, use to satisfied with different development edition make programming personnel develop Windows and Windows application program of NT very specialty edition has offered the developing instrument with complete function to programming personnel of the specialty, Include studying all functions of edition in the specialty edition allow the profeional personnel to establish strong distributed
application program in the form of includes all characteristics of the specialty can choose different editions according to different 2 integrated development environments Integrated environment of VB call IDE, made up of a lot of parts , include title board, menu fence, tool fence, controlling part case, And window body window, engineering management device window, attribute window, code window and window body overall arrangement window body overall arrangement, designing etc..Have covered all functions, such as design which develops the application program, editting, compiling and debugging, etc..In VB, the application program calls the project start VB and open a new project for the first time, can see and pursue integrated development environment interface that Basic Integrated development environment VB come and organize development of application program through project, use project come and manage and form files of application project uses the environment to make up by several window bodies, standard module system manages project through the project menu, for instance add the window body, quote .System allow turn on and manage a lot of projects 3 Visual Basic language brief introductions Basic use and do the elementary high-level language that used often full name is Beginner' s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, abbreviate as its name suggests, Basic one specially for language that beginner design, because it easy to learn easy to know, So the body is Basic language to belong to and solve translating type, so can carry out line by line , So it can see the result carried out at once , this is a very convenient design for it have concept of structure either, one
that is in procedure maintain and management have as much as other language back-end Basic correct shortcoming of the above (such as Quick Basic, make it may used for and develop the large-scaler procedure language is the basic composition, which forms VB has stipulated the form of sentences and : The sentence defines incantations [Sentence body] Sentence define agree with and used in fixed function of sentence, sentence body appoint concrete content or want concrete operation that carry out of set of sentence VB language, carry on with VB sentence organic aociation finish a certain specific function the + procedure can solve a certain application application program code window write in\" code editing machine\" generally.\" editing machine of code\" is like the word proceing software of a piece of height specialization, there are many easies function of writing VB code, Pursue to show [Example Ex-Hello ]In\" code editing machine\" code that window written.“Editing machine of code” window
Section 4 develop the application program with Visual Basic Use VB programming, design appearance of application program first generally, write every target procedure code or other treatment procedure of incident respectively, Work of programming should be light procedure of establishing the application program is as follows:
Establish application program interface The interface is the mutual bridge of user and procedure, Generally formed of window body and vision frame of the button, menu, text standard WINDOWS interface of application program that VB according to function of procedure and user and need of information interchange of procedure, Come to confirm that need those targets , plan the overall arrangement of the by each attributes of target in interface Demand and set up each attribute of target such as appearance, name,, size of to interface of attribute person who fetch can set up through the attribute window when design already, Too can set up revising when operating in procedure through programming in procedure the targets respond programming by procedure code procedure code of programming target Interface determine appearance of procedure only, design window add codes through\" code editing machine\" soon after the interface, Realize some make the tasks, such as responding, information proceing, accepting external meage, Add code , realize some response, information proceing that make after accepting external information task, As editor's window of code pursued shows add codes “code editing machine” wi ndow
project One VB procedure one project, at the time of designing a application program, system will set up one be expanded and file of vbp, project file include all relevant information of file that project set up this, Keep project keep aociated
documents of project this at the same example the window body produced when design interfaces is kept and being expanded and being the window body of the time of opening a project( file, this project relevant files load at the same and debugged by procedure Operate the procedure thoroughpin operate\" selecting in the menu, when the mistake appears, VB system can offer information prompt can looked for and get rid of the mistake thoroughpin debug\" within operate\" menus produce by executive program For make procedure can break away from VB environment, order to become next life through\" file\"\" producing project \" of menu but executive program (eyeful, Can carry out this file directly after produce, + executive program, and then through install guide bale all aociated documents, Can run independently after installation under the environment of windows 9 x/2000 as a software computer system's any software, is by the every large or small each kind of software constituent constitution, defers to the specific algorithm to realize respectively, the algorithm quality direct decision realizes the software performance fit and unfit the algorithm with any method, what resources designs the algorithm to need, requires how many running time, how many storage space, how to determine an algorithm the quality, when realizes a software, is must give to computer system's operating system, the language compiling system, the database management system as well as in various computer application system's software, must use each one concrete algorithm to , the algorithm design and the analysis are the computer science and a technical core question.
the algorithm is the problem-solving step, we may define the algorithm Cheng Jie a determination cla question the random one special the computer science, the algorithm needs to use the computer algorithmic language to describe, the algorithm represents with the computer solves a kind of question precisely, the effective algorithm construction of data = procedure, solves one to aign may calculate or the solvable question, the different person may compile the different procedure, solves the identical problem, here has two problems: First, with computational method close related algorithm question; Second, programming technical the algorithm and the procedure has the close algorithm is a group has the poor rule, they had stipulated solves some specific type question a series of operations, is to the problem solving plan accurate and the complete an algorithm, generally must pa through stages and so on design, confirmation, analysis, code, test, debugging, algorithm study including five aspect contents:① Design algorithm design work is impoible completely the automation, should study the understanding already by the practice to prove that was the useful some basic algorithm design method, these basic design method was not only suitable for the computer science, moreover was suitable for domains and so on electrical engineering, operations research;②Exprees the description algorithm's method has many kinds of forms, for example the natural language and the algorithmic language, have the suitable environment and the characteristic respectively;③Confirms the algorithm confirmed the goal is causes the people to believe firmly that this algorithm can work unmistakably correctly, namely this algorithm has the correct algorithm describes with the computer algorithmic language, constitutes the computer program, the computer program moves on the computer, obtains the algorithm operation result;④ Parsing algorithmic analysis is requires how many computing time and the storage space to an algorithm makes the quota the parsing algorithm may forecast that what environment this algorithm does suit in moves effectively, to solves the identical question different algorithm validity to
make the comparison;⑤ Confirmation machine language description algorithm whether can calculate effectively, reasonable, must carry on the test to the procedure, the test order work and makes the space and time distribution map by the debugging to be the algorithm has certain characteristic, it includes:① each kind of operation must have the determination significance, this kind of operation should carry out what kind of movement should not to have the ambiguity, the goal is clear;② the operation which in the algorithm waits for realizing is basic, each kind of operation can at least completes in the principle by the human with the paper and the pen in the limited time;③ algorithm has 0 or the many inputs, before the algorithm operation starts gives the algorithm to need the data the starting value, these inputs are from the specific object set;④ for the algorithm operation result, an algorithm has or many outputs, the output has some kind of specific relational quantity with the input;⑤ Has algorithm always after carrying out had the poor step operation has terminated, namely this algorithm was may a first four characteristic group of rule not to be able to be called the algorithm, can only be called the computational proce, the operating system is a computational proce example, the operating system uses for to manage the computer resources, controls the manufacture industry movement, when has not made industry the movement, the computational proce does not stop, but is at the waiting algorithm complexity is the algorithm efficiency measure, when appraises the algorithm performance, the complexity is an important algorithm complex degree with moves computer resources how many which this algorithm needs related, needs the resources are more, indicated that this algorithm the complexity is higher; Needs the resources are le, indicated that this algorithm the complexity is lower.
the spatial resources, which computer’s resources, operate most importantly, needs the time which and the stored routine and the data need, the algorithm complexity has division time complexity and the spatial algorithm carries out the operation on the computer, needs the data which certain storage space depositing description algorithm the procedure and the algorithm need, the computer completes the operation task to require certain procedure which writes according to the different algorithm places when on the computer operates, needs the time and the space are different, the algorithm complexity is needs the time and the spatial one kind of measure to the algorithm different computer its operating speed difference is very big, is weighing an algorithm the complexity to note this question, which aigns willfully, a profitable target which designs, the complex low algorithm is as far as poible when designs algorithm , when the question, which aigns already when has many kinds of algorithms, an important criterion which choice complexity low, is when selects algorithm should , the algorithm complex analysis or selects to the algorithm design has the important guiding sense and the use discuion algorithm complexity, two questions need to clarify: (1 An algorithm's complexity exprees with what kind of quantity; (2 How to calculate one to aign the algorithm the finding solves a question the algorithm, is this algorithm realization, as for whether could find the method which realized, was decided in the algorithm circularity and the computation complexity, whether this question did have the solution algorithm, whether to provide the time resources which and the spatial resources the algorithm Basic 語(yǔ)言與算法
1991年,美國(guó)微軟公司推出了Visual Basic(可簡(jiǎn)稱VB,目前的最新版本是VB 2008 Beta2(VB9中文版。
Visual 意即可視的、可見(jiàn)的,指的是開(kāi)發(fā)像windows操作系統(tǒng)的圖形用戶界面(Graphic User Interface,GUI的方法,它不需要編寫大量代碼去描述界面元素的外觀和位置,只要把預(yù)先建立好的對(duì)象拖放到屏幕上相應(yīng)的位置即可。
basic 實(shí)際上是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)的縮寫,這個(gè)短語(yǔ)就是 Beginners all_purpose symbolic instruction code ,其中文意思為“初始者通用符號(hào)指令代碼語(yǔ)言”。Visual Basic有學(xué)習(xí)版、專業(yè)版和企業(yè)版三種版本,以滿足不同的開(kāi)發(fā)需要。學(xué)習(xí)版適用于普通學(xué)習(xí)者及大多數(shù)使用Visual Basic開(kāi)發(fā)一般Windows應(yīng)用程序的人員,但是;專業(yè)版適用于計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)人員,包括了學(xué)習(xí)版的全部?jī)?nèi)容功能以及Internet控件開(kāi)發(fā)工具之類的高級(jí)特性;企業(yè)版除包含專業(yè)版全部的內(nèi)容外,還有自動(dòng)化構(gòu)件管理器等工具,使得專業(yè)編程人員能夠開(kāi)發(fā)功能強(qiáng)大的組骨子里分布式應(yīng)用程序。
Visual Basic 第1節(jié)Visual Basic的概述
microsoft Visual Basic(簡(jiǎn)稱VB是在Windows操作平臺(tái)下設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用程序的最速度、最簡(jiǎn)捷的工具之一。不論是初學(xué)者還是專業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)人員,VB都為他們提供了一整套的工具,可以輕松方便的開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用程序。因此,VB一直被作為大多數(shù)電腦初學(xué)者的首選入門編程語(yǔ)言。
“Visual”指的是采用可視化的開(kāi)發(fā)圖形用戶界面(GUI的方法,一般不需要編寫大量代碼去描述界面元素的外觀和位置,而只要把需要的控件拖放到屏幕上的相應(yīng)位置即可方便圖形設(shè)計(jì)圖形用戶界面;“Basic”指的是 BASIC語(yǔ)言,因?yàn)閂B是在原有的BAISC語(yǔ)言的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來(lái)的。
VB是 Microsoft的一種通用程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言,它包括在 Microsoft Excel、Microsoft Acce等眾多Windows應(yīng)用軟件中的VBA都使用VB語(yǔ)言,以供用戶進(jìn)行二次開(kāi)發(fā);目前制作網(wǎng)頁(yè)使用較多的VBScript腳本語(yǔ)言也是VB的子集。
利用VB的數(shù)據(jù)訪問(wèn)特性用戶可以對(duì)包括 Microsoft SQL Server和其他企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)在內(nèi)的大部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)格式創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和前端應(yīng)用程序,以及可調(diào)整的服務(wù)端部件。利用ActiveX(TM技術(shù),VB可使用 Microsoft Word字處理器、Microsoft Excel電子數(shù)據(jù)表極其他Windows應(yīng)用程序提供的功能,甚至可直接
使用由VB專業(yè)版或企業(yè)版創(chuàng)建的應(yīng)用程序和對(duì)象。 用戶最終創(chuàng)建的程序是一個(gè)真正的.EXE文件,可以自由發(fā)布。
VB提供了學(xué)習(xí)版,專業(yè)版和企業(yè)版,用以滿足不同的開(kāi)發(fā)需求。學(xué)習(xí)版使編程人員很容易地開(kāi)發(fā)Windows和Windows NT的應(yīng)用程序。專業(yè)版為專業(yè)編程人員提供了功能完備的開(kāi)發(fā)工具,專業(yè)版中包含了學(xué)習(xí)版的所有功能。企業(yè)版允許專業(yè)人員以小組的形式來(lái)創(chuàng)建強(qiáng)大的分布式應(yīng)用程序。它包括專業(yè)版的所有的特性。所以可以根據(jù)不同的需要來(lái)選擇不同的版本。
第2節(jié)集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境
VB的集成環(huán)境或稱IDE,由多個(gè)部分組成,包含了標(biāo)題欄、菜單欄、工具欄、控件箱,以及窗體設(shè)計(jì)器窗口、工程管理器窗口、屬性窗口、代碼窗口和窗體布局窗體布局等。覆蓋了開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用程序的設(shè)計(jì)、編輯、編譯和調(diào)試等所有功能。
在VB中,應(yīng)用程序也稱工程。當(dāng)?shù)谝淮螁?dòng)VB并打開(kāi)一個(gè)新工程時(shí),可以看到如圖所示的集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境界面。
Visual Basic 集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境
VB通過(guò)工程來(lái)組織應(yīng)用程序的開(kāi)發(fā),使用工程來(lái)管理構(gòu)成應(yīng)用程序的所有文件。一個(gè)工程一般由若干個(gè)窗體、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模塊以及應(yīng)用環(huán)境組成。系統(tǒng)通過(guò)工程菜單來(lái)對(duì)工程進(jìn)行管理,如添加窗體、引用等。系統(tǒng)允許同時(shí)打開(kāi)和管理多個(gè)工程。
第3節(jié)Visual Basic語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)介
basic是最常被用來(lái)做入門使用的高級(jí)語(yǔ)言。它的全名是 Beginner’s All-purpose Sumbolic Instruction Code,簡(jiǎn)稱為 BASIC。顧名思義,Basic 就是一種專為初學(xué)者設(shè)計(jì)的語(yǔ)言,因其易學(xué)易懂,所以身受歡迎。早期的Basic 語(yǔ)言都是屬于解譯式的,因此可以一行一行地執(zhí)行,所以它可以立刻看到執(zhí)行的結(jié)果,對(duì)初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)這是很方便的設(shè)計(jì)。不過(guò)它也因此沒(méi)有結(jié)構(gòu)化的概念,在程序的維護(hù)及管理上比起其他語(yǔ)言困難許多。不過(guò)在后期的Basic則改正了以上的缺點(diǎn)(如Quick Basic,使得它也可以用來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)較大型的程序。
語(yǔ)言是構(gòu)成VB程序的基本成分。VB規(guī)定了語(yǔ)句格式和功能。 語(yǔ)法: 語(yǔ)句定義符[語(yǔ)句體] 語(yǔ)句定義符用于規(guī)定語(yǔ)句的功能,語(yǔ)句體指定語(yǔ)句的具體內(nèi)容或要執(zhí)行的具體操作。所有語(yǔ)句的集合就是VB語(yǔ)言,用VB語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行有機(jī)組合完成某個(gè)特定功能就是程序。界面+程序就能解決某個(gè)應(yīng)用問(wèn)題。
VB應(yīng)用程序代碼一般在“代碼編輯器”窗口編寫?！按a編輯器”像是一個(gè)高度專門化的字處理軟件,有很多便于編寫VB代碼的功能,圖所示為[例Ex-Hello]在“代碼編輯器”窗口編寫的代碼。
“代碼編輯器”窗口
第4節(jié)用Visual Basic開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用程序
使用VB編程,一般先設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用程序的外觀,然后再分別編寫各對(duì)象事件的程序代碼或其他處理程序,編程的工作要輕松多。
創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用程序的步驟如下: 1.創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用程序界面
界面是用戶和程序交互的橋梁,用VB創(chuàng)建的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的WINDOWS應(yīng)用程序的界面一般由窗體和按鈕、菜單、文本框的圖象框等構(gòu)成。根據(jù)程序的功能要求和用戶與程序之間的信息交流的需要,來(lái)確定需要那些對(duì)象,規(guī)劃界面的布局。
2.設(shè)計(jì)界面上各個(gè)對(duì)象的屬性
根據(jù)規(guī)劃的界面要求設(shè)置各個(gè)對(duì)象的屬性,比如對(duì)象的外貌、名稱、顏色、大小等。
大多數(shù)屬性取值既可以在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)通過(guò)屬性窗口來(lái)設(shè)置,也可以在程序代碼中通過(guò)編程在程序運(yùn)行時(shí)設(shè)置修改。
3.編程對(duì)象響應(yīng)的程序代碼
界面僅僅決定了程序的外觀,設(shè)計(jì)完界面后就要通過(guò)“代碼編輯器”
窗口來(lái)添加代碼,實(shí)現(xiàn)一些在接受外界信息后作出響應(yīng)、信息處理等任務(wù),添加代碼,實(shí)現(xiàn)一些在接受外界信息后作出的響應(yīng)、信息處理等任務(wù),添加代碼如圖的代碼編輯窗口所示
“代碼編輯器”窗口 4.保存工程
一個(gè)VB程序就是一個(gè)工程,在設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序時(shí),系統(tǒng)會(huì)建立一個(gè)擴(kuò)展名為.vbp的工程文件,工程文件包含了該工程所建立的所有文件的相關(guān)信息,保存工程就同時(shí)保存了該工程的所有相關(guān)文件。比如當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)界面時(shí)產(chǎn)生的窗體保存在擴(kuò)展名為.frm和.frx的窗體文件中。在打開(kāi)一個(gè)工程(文件時(shí),該工程有關(guān)的所有文件同時(shí)被裝載。
5.行和調(diào)試程序
通過(guò)“運(yùn)行”菜單中的選項(xiàng)來(lái)運(yùn)行程序,當(dāng)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí), VB系統(tǒng)可以提供信息提示也可通過(guò)“調(diào)試”和“運(yùn)行”菜單來(lái)查找和排除錯(cuò)誤。
6.生成可執(zhí)行程序
為了使程序可以脫離VB環(huán)境,通過(guò)“文件”菜單中的“生成工程”命令來(lái)生成可執(zhí)行程序(.exe文件,此后即可直接執(zhí)行該文件。在生成可+執(zhí)行程序后,再通過(guò)安裝向?qū)⑺邢嚓P(guān)文件打包,就可以作為一個(gè)軟件產(chǎn)品在windows 9x/2000 環(huán)境下安裝后獨(dú)立運(yùn)行
VB的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編程方面按其難易程度可分為三類(由易到難; ●使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)控制項(xiàng)和綁定控制項(xiàng) ●使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)象變量進(jìn)行編程 ●直接調(diào)用 在使用VB進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編程時(shí),通常,會(huì)首先選擇三種基本方法之一來(lái)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用程序的方案設(shè)計(jì), 現(xiàn)在就將以上三種設(shè)計(jì)方法的適應(yīng)范圍及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行一個(gè)比較。
1 使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)控制項(xiàng)和綁定控制項(xiàng) 優(yōu)點(diǎn)
它是三種方法中編碼量最小的 不必了解的細(xì)節(jié)
允許使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的和第三方廠商制訂的控制項(xiàng) 簡(jiǎn)化了錯(cuò)誤處理
支持所有的動(dòng)態(tài)集方法及屬性
缺點(diǎn)
不能存取快照對(duì)象(snapshop對(duì)象或表格對(duì)象(都屬于記錄集對(duì)象 不能存取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)集合,比如表定義(TableDefs字段(Fieds,索引 ( Indexes及查詢定義(QueryDefs 只能存取部分管理函數(shù) 不能進(jìn)行真正的事務(wù)處理 有限的錯(cuò)誤診斷功能 應(yīng)用
對(duì)中小規(guī)模的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表(通常少于一千條記錄只進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)章的瀏覽操作 基本SQL查詢所對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)果集長(zhǎng)度有限(通常結(jié)果集的記錄數(shù)小于一百, 這些記錄從一個(gè)或兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)度有限的表中檢索出來(lái)
應(yīng)用程序的數(shù)據(jù)輸入/輸出項(xiàng)較少(通常只涉及一個(gè)或兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)度有限的表、并且表中的字段數(shù)在10個(gè)左右且不具有關(guān)系完整性限制 2 使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)象變量進(jìn)行編程 優(yōu)點(diǎn)
可以在程序中存取的管理函數(shù)
可以控制多種記錄集類型:Dynaset、Snapshop及Table記錄集合對(duì)象 可以存取存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程和查詢動(dòng)作
可以存取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)集合對(duì)象,例如TableDefs、Fields、Indexes及QueryDefs 具有真正的事務(wù)處理能力 , 包括啟動(dòng)事務(wù) ( Begintrans、提交事務(wù)(CommitTrans及回滾事務(wù)(Rollback 缺點(diǎn)
比使用數(shù)據(jù)控制項(xiàng)的方法編碼量較大 只能進(jìn)行間接的錯(cuò)誤處理和錯(cuò)誤恢復(fù) 對(duì)每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作沒(méi)有細(xì)粒度的控制
對(duì)結(jié)果集和包含結(jié)果集的內(nèi)豐資源的操作受到限制 同直接使用函數(shù)的方法相比性能較低 應(yīng)用
應(yīng)用程序需要在執(zhí)行期間動(dòng)態(tài)地建立表、字段及索引.應(yīng)用程序涉及同步更新幾張表(但在邏輯上保持一致性的復(fù)雜事務(wù)
應(yīng)用程序使用結(jié)果集而不是Dynaset的窗體(FORMS,例如Snapshots或Tables,這里是設(shè)計(jì)要考慮的關(guān)鍵
應(yīng)用程序的表非常大,多于1000條記錄
應(yīng)用程序具有復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)輸入/輸出項(xiàng),它涉及許多內(nèi)部相關(guān)的字段并且包括數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)參照完整性或一致性規(guī)則
應(yīng)用程序需要執(zhí)行一些額外的操作和對(duì)結(jié)果集的查詢后處理, 尤其是需要 很高的數(shù)據(jù)格式化顯示
應(yīng)用程序需要利用復(fù)雜的ODBC管理功能以選擇、配置、校驗(yàn)及建立各種數(shù)據(jù)源
應(yīng)用程序需要在執(zhí)行期間“顯示”數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 應(yīng)用程序需要使用復(fù)雜的多碼索引方式來(lái)檢索或更新記錄 3 直接調(diào)用 優(yōu)點(diǎn)
可以直接參與結(jié)果集的開(kāi)發(fā)、管理及規(guī)范化
對(duì)結(jié)果集游標(biāo)提供了更多的控制,并且提供了更多的游標(biāo)類型和執(zhí)行動(dòng)作 能夠確定ODBC驅(qū)動(dòng)程序及SQL的一致性級(jí)別 可以更好地控制Windows的執(zhí)行調(diào)度及資源利用
其他方面同其他方法差不多,因此這種方法很可能具有最好的性能 缺點(diǎn)
較其他兩種方法需要大量的代碼
代碼復(fù)雜并且要求程序員具有編制API調(diào)用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)
在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上Visual Basic運(yùn)行期間庫(kù)的錯(cuò)誤處理缺乏安全性,因此代碼運(yùn)行期間出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤所造成的后果會(huì)非常嚴(yán)重
應(yīng)用
如果系統(tǒng)環(huán)境為客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器模式下的大規(guī)模多用戶環(huán)境,那么應(yīng)用程序必須都能夠準(zhǔn)確地解決可能出現(xiàn)的系統(tǒng)錯(cuò)誤和失敗
應(yīng)用程序強(qiáng)調(diào)資源使用,這里如何對(duì)內(nèi)存、網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器資源進(jìn)行直接控制是首要的考慮因素
應(yīng)用程序使用超大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),例如數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表可能包含幾萬(wàn)或幾十萬(wàn)條記錄計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)中的任何軟件,都是由大大小小的各種軟件組成部分構(gòu)成,各自按照特定的算法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),算法的好壞直接決定所實(shí)現(xiàn)軟件性能的優(yōu)劣。用什么方法來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)算法,所設(shè)計(jì)算法需要什么樣的資源,需要多少運(yùn)行時(shí)間、多少存儲(chǔ)空間,如何判定一個(gè)算法的好壞,在實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)軟件時(shí),都是必須予以解決的。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)中的操作系統(tǒng)、語(yǔ)言編譯系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)以及各種各樣的計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中的軟件,都必須用一個(gè)個(gè)具體的算法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此,算法設(shè)計(jì)與分析是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)的一個(gè)核心問(wèn)題。
算法是解題的步驟,我們可以把算法定義成解一確定類問(wèn)題的任意一種特殊的方法。在計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)中,算法要用計(jì)算機(jī)算法語(yǔ)言描述,算法代表用計(jì)算機(jī)解一類問(wèn)題的精確、有效的方法。算法+數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)=程序,求解一個(gè)給定的可計(jì)算或可解的問(wèn)題,不同的人可以編寫出不同的程序,來(lái)解決同一個(gè)問(wèn)題,這里存在兩個(gè)問(wèn)題:一是與計(jì)算方法密切相關(guān)的算法問(wèn)題;二是程序設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)問(wèn)題。算法和程序之間存在密切的關(guān)系。算法是一組有窮的規(guī)則,它們規(guī)定了解決某一特定類型問(wèn)題的一系列運(yùn)算,是對(duì)解題方案的準(zhǔn)確與完整的描述。制定一個(gè)算法,一般要經(jīng)過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)、確認(rèn)、分析、編碼、測(cè)試、調(diào)試、計(jì)時(shí)等階段。對(duì)算法的學(xué)習(xí)包括五個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:①設(shè)計(jì)算法。算法設(shè)計(jì)工作是不可能完全自動(dòng)化的,應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)了解已經(jīng)被實(shí)踐證明是有用的一些基本的算法設(shè)計(jì)方法,這些基本的設(shè)計(jì)方法不僅適用于計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué),而且適用于電氣工程、運(yùn)籌學(xué)等領(lǐng)域;②表示算法。描述算法的方法有多種形式,例如自然語(yǔ)言和算法語(yǔ)言,各自有適用的環(huán)境和特點(diǎn);③確認(rèn)算法。算法確認(rèn)的目的是使人們確信這一算法能夠正確無(wú)誤地工作,即該算法具有可計(jì)算性。正確的算法用計(jì)算機(jī)算法語(yǔ)言描述,構(gòu)成計(jì)算機(jī)程序, 計(jì)算機(jī)程序在計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行，得到算法運(yùn)算的結(jié)果；④ 分析算法。算法分析是 對(duì)一個(gè)算法需要多少計(jì)算時(shí)間和存儲(chǔ)空間作定量的分析。 分析算法可以預(yù)測(cè)這一 算法適合在什么樣的環(huán)境中有效地運(yùn)行， 對(duì)解決同一問(wèn)題的不同算法的有效性
作 出比較；⑤ 驗(yàn)證算法。用計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言描述的算法是否可計(jì)算、有效合理，須對(duì) 程序進(jìn)行測(cè)試，測(cè)試程序的工作由調(diào)試和作時(shí)空分布圖組成。 而算法具有一定的特性，它包括：① 確定性。算法的每一種運(yùn)算必須有確 定的意義，該種運(yùn)算應(yīng)執(zhí)行何種動(dòng)作應(yīng)無(wú)二義性，目的明確；② 能行性。要求 算法中有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的運(yùn)算都是基本的， 每種運(yùn)算至少在原理上能由人用紙和筆在有 限的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成；③ 輸入。一個(gè)算法有 0 個(gè)或多個(gè)輸入，在算法運(yùn)算開(kāi)始之前 給出算法所需數(shù)據(jù)的初值，這些輸入取自特定的對(duì)象集合；④ 輸出。作為算法 運(yùn)算的結(jié)果， 一個(gè)算法產(chǎn)生一個(gè)或多個(gè)輸出， 輸出是同輸入有某種特定關(guān)系的量； ⑤ 有窮性。一個(gè)算法總是在執(zhí)行了有窮步的運(yùn)算后終止，即該算法是可達(dá)的。 滿足前四個(gè)特性的一組規(guī)則不能稱為算法，只能稱為計(jì)算過(guò)程，操作系統(tǒng)是計(jì)算 過(guò)程的一個(gè)例子，操作系統(tǒng)用來(lái)管理計(jì)算機(jī)資源，控制作業(yè)的運(yùn)行，沒(méi)有作業(yè)運(yùn) 行時(shí)，計(jì)算過(guò)程并不停止，而是處于等待狀態(tài)。 算法的復(fù)雜性是算法效率的度量，在評(píng)價(jià)算法性能時(shí)，復(fù)雜性是一個(gè)重要的 依據(jù)。 算法的復(fù)雜性的程度與運(yùn)行該算法所需要的計(jì)算機(jī)資源的多少有關(guān)，所需 要的資源越多，表明該算法的復(fù)雜性越高；所需要的資源越少，表明該算法的復(fù) 雜性越低。 計(jì)算機(jī)的資源， 最重要的是運(yùn)算所需的時(shí)間和存儲(chǔ)程序和數(shù)據(jù)所需的空間資 源，算法的復(fù)雜性有時(shí)間復(fù)雜性和空間復(fù)雜性之分。 算法在計(jì)算機(jī)上執(zhí)行運(yùn)算， 需要一定的存儲(chǔ)空間存放描述算法的程序和算法 所需的數(shù)據(jù)， 計(jì)算機(jī)完成運(yùn)算任務(wù)需要一定的時(shí)間。根據(jù)不同的算法寫出的程序 放在計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)算時(shí)， 所需要的時(shí)間和空間是不同的，算法的復(fù)雜性是對(duì)算法運(yùn) 算所需時(shí)間和空間的一種度量。 不同的計(jì)算機(jī)其運(yùn)算速度相差很大，在衡量一個(gè) 算法的復(fù)雜性要注意到這一點(diǎn)。 對(duì)于任意給定的問(wèn)題， 設(shè)計(jì)出復(fù)雜性盡可能低的算法是在設(shè)計(jì)算法時(shí)考慮的 一個(gè)重要目標(biāo)。另外，當(dāng)給定的問(wèn)題已有多種算法時(shí)，選擇其中復(fù)雜性最低者， 是在選用算法時(shí)應(yīng)遵循的一個(gè)重要準(zhǔn)則。因此，算法的復(fù)雜性分析對(duì)算法的設(shè)計(jì) 或選用有著重要的指導(dǎo)意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。
計(jì)算機(jī)通用類專業(yè)技術(shù)崗位職責(zé)共4
Visual Basic language and arithmetic The United States launched the Microsoft Visual Basic (may be referred to VB, is the latest version of the current VB 2008 Beta2 (VB9 Chinese meaning the visual, visible, referring to the development of operating systems like windows graphical user interface (Graphic User Interface, GUI method, it does not need to prepare a large number code to describe the appearance of the interface elements and location, as long as the pre - The establishment of good drag and drop objects on the screen corresponding to the is actually an abbreviation of the phrase; this phrase is Beginners all-purpose symbolic instruction code, the Chinese meaning \"to the initial directive GM symbol code language.\" Visual Basic learning, Profeional Edition and Enterprise Edition versions to meet the different needs of the and apply to the ordinary version of the majority of learners and the use of Visual Basic development of the general staff of Windows applications, but; profeional version for computer profeional development of staff, including the study of functional version of the full content control and Internet development tools such as advanced features ,Enterprise contain not only all the profeional version of the content, there are automated tools such as Component Manager, profeional programmers to make the development of a powerful group eence of distributed Basic Section 1 the summary of Visual Basic Microsoft Visual Basic,( abbreviate VB as tool the most of application program one of under Windows operating matter beginner or profeional developer, VB has all offered a whole set of tools to them, Development application program that it can
1 / 19 be relaxed and VB as most computer first-selected the ABC of programming language of beginner.\" Visual\" mean method to adopt visual user of development figure interface (GUI, need and write a large number of code go and describe interface appearance and position of element seldom, Tow and show controlling part that need corresponding position to get screen can help figure design interface, user of figure,; \" Basic\" means BASIC language, because VB is developed on the basis of already existing BAISC is a kind of programming language in common use of Microsoft, It, including VBA of the numerous Windows application software use VB language in Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Acceed., For users to carry on the secondary development; Make web page use more VBScript script language sub collection of VB too at data of VB visit characteristic user can establish the data base to most data base forms including Microsoft SQL Server and other enterprises data base With the application program of front, and adjustable service end ActiveX(TM technology, VB can use word proceor, electronic data list he Windows function that application program offers extremely, Excel of Microsoft,, Word of Microsoft,, Even can use by VB specialty edition or enterprise application program and target that edition establish procedure that users established finally is a real .EXE file , can iue freely .VB offer study edition, the specialty edition and enterprise edition, use to satisfied with different development edition make programming personnel develop Windows and Windows application program of NT very specialty edition has offered the developing instrument with complete function to programming personnel of the specialty, Include studying all functions of edition in the specialty edition allow the profeional personnel to establish strong distributed
2 / 19 application program in the form of includes all characteristics of the specialty can choose different editions according to different 2 integrated development environments Integrated environment of VB call IDE, made up of a lot of parts , include title board, menu fence, tool fence, controlling part case, And window body window, engineering management device window, attribute window, code window and window body overall arrangement window body overall arrangement, designing etc..Have covered all functions, such as design which develops the application program, editting, compiling and debugging, etc..In VB, the application program calls the project start VB and open a new project for the first time, can see and pursue integrated development environment interface that Basic Integrated development environment VB come and organize development of application program through project, use project come and manage and form files of application project uses the environment to make up by several window bodies, standard module system manages project through the project menu, for instance add the window body, quote .System allow turn on and manage a lot of projects 3 Visual Basic language brief introductions Basic use and do the elementary high-level language that used often full name is Beginner' s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, abbreviate as its name suggests, Basic one specially for language that beginner design, because it easy to learn easy to know, So the body is Basic language to belong to and solve translating type, so can carry out line by line , So it can see the result carried out at once , this is a very convenient design for it have concept of structure either, one
3 / 19 that is in procedure maintain and management have as much as other language back-end Basic correct shortcoming of the above (such as Quick Basic, make it may used for and develop the large-scaler procedure language is the basic composition, which forms VB has stipulated the form of sentences and : The sentence defines incantations [Sentence body] Sentence define agree with and used in fixed function of sentence, sentence body appoint concrete content or want concrete operation that carry out of set of sentence VB language, carry on with VB sentence organic aociation finish a certain specific function the + procedure can solve a certain application application program code window write in\" code editing machine\" generally.\" editing machine of code\" is like the word proceing software of a piece of height specialization, there are many easies function of writing VB code, Pursue to show [Example Ex-Hello ]In\" code editing machine\" code that window written.“Editing machine of code” window
Section 4 develop the application program with Visual Basic Use VB programming, design appearance of application program first generally, write every target procedure code or other treatment procedure of incident respectively, Work of programming should be light procedure of establishing the application program is as follows:
4 / 19 Establish application program interface The interface is the mutual bridge of user and procedure, Generally formed of window body and vision frame of the button, menu, text standard WINDOWS interface of application program that VB according to function of procedure and user and need of information interchange of procedure, Come to confirm that need those targets , plan the overall arrangement of the by each attributes of target in interface Demand and set up each attribute of target such as appearance, name,, size of to interface of attribute person who fetch can set up through the attribute window when design already, Too can set up revising when operating in procedure through programming in procedure the targets respond programming by procedure code procedure code of programming target Interface determine appearance of procedure only, design window add codes through\" code editing machine\" soon after the interface, Realize some make the tasks, such as responding, information proceing, accepting external meage, Add code , realize some response, information proceing that make after accepting external information task, As editor's window of code pursued shows add codes “code editing machine” wi ndow
project One VB procedure one project, at the time of designing a application program, system will set up one be expanded and vbp, project all relevant information of project set up this, Keep project keep aociated documents of project this
5 / 19 at the same example the window body produced when design interfaces is kept and being expanded and being the window body of the time of opening a project( file, this project relevant files load at the same and debugged by procedure Operate the procedure thoroughpin operate\" selecting in the menu, when the mistake appears, VB system can offer information prompt can looked for and get rid of the mistake thoroughpin debug\" within operate\" menus produce by executive program For make procedure can break away from VB environment, order to become next life through\" file\"\" producing project \" of menu but executive program (eyeful, Can carry out this after produce, + executive program, and then through install guide bale all aociated documents, Can run independently after installation under the environment of windows 9 x/2000 as a software computer system's any software, is by the every large or small each kind of software constituent constitution, defers to the specific algorithm to realize respectively, the algorithm quality direct decision realizes the software performance fit and unfit the algorithm with any method, what resources designs the algorithm to need, requires how many running time, how many storage space, how to determine an algorithm the quality, when realizes a software, is must give to computer system's operating system, the language compiling system, the database management system as well as in various computer application system's software, must use each one concrete algorithm to , the algorithm design and the analysis are the computer science and a technical core algorithm is the problem-solving step, we may define the algorithm Cheng Jie a determination cla question the random one special the computer science, the
6 / 19 algorithm needs to use the computer algorithmic language to describe, the algorithm represents with the computer solves a kind of question precisely, the effective algorithm construction of data = procedure, solves one to aign may calculate or the solvable question, the different person may compile the different procedure, solves the identical problem, here has two problems: First, with computational method close related algorithm question; Second, programming technical the algorithm and the procedure has the close algorithm is a group has the poor rule, they had stipulated solves some specific type question a series of operations, is to the problem solving plan accurate and the complete an algorithm, generally must pa through stages and so on design, confirmation, analysis, code, test, debugging, algorithm study including five aspect contents:① Design algorithm design work is impoible completely the automation, should study the understanding already by the practice to prove that was the useful some basic algorithm design method, these basic design method was not only suitable for the computer science, moreover was suitable for domains and so on electrical engineering, operations research;②Exprees the description algorithm's method has many kinds of forms, for example the natural language and the algorithmic language, have the suitable environment and the characteristic respectively;③Confirms the algorithm confirmed the goal is causes the people to believe firmly that this algorithm can work unmistakably correctly, namely this algorithm has the correct algorithm describes with the computer algorithmic language, constitutes the computer program, the computer program moves on the computer, obtains the algorithm operation result;④ Parsing algorithmic analysis is requires how many computing time and the storage space to an algorithm makes the quota the parsing algorithm may forecast that what environment this algorithm does suit in moves effectively, to solves the identical question different algorithm validity to make the comparison;⑤ Confirmation machine language description algorithm whether can calculate effectively, reasonable, must carry on the test to the
7 / 19 procedure, the test order work and makes the space and time distribution map by the debugging to be the algorithm has certain characteristic, it includes:① each kind of operation must have the determination significance, this kind of operation should carry out what kind of movement should not to have the ambiguity, the goal is clear;② the operation which in the algorithm waits for realizing is basic, each kind of operation can at least completes in the principle by the human with the paper and the pen in the limited time;③ algorithm has 0 or the many inputs, before the algorithm operation starts gives the algorithm to need the data the starting value, these inputs are from the specific object set;④ for the algorithm operation result, an algorithm has or many outputs, the output has some kind of specific relational quantity with the input;⑤ Has algorithm always after carrying out had the poor step operation has terminated, namely this algorithm was may a first four characteristic group of rule not to be able to be called the algorithm, can only be called the computational proce, the operating system is a computational proce example, the operating system uses for to manage the computer resources, controls the manufacture industry movement, when has not made industry the movement, the computational proce does not stop, but is at the waiting algorithm complexity is the algorithm efficiency measure, when appraises the algorithm performance, the complexity is an important algorithm complex degree with moves computer resources how many which this algorithm needs related, needs the resources are more, indicated that this algorithm the complexity is higher; Needs the resources are le, indicated that this algorithm the complexity is spatial resources, which computer’s resources, operate most importantly, needs the time which and the stored routine and the data need, the algorithm complexity has division time complexity and the spatial complexity.
8 / 19 The algorithm carries out the operation on the computer, needs the data which certain storage space depositing description algorithm the procedure and the algorithm need, the computer completes the operation task to require certain procedure which writes according to the different algorithm places when on the computer operates, needs the time and the space are different, the algorithm complexity is needs the time and the spatial one kind of measure to the algorithm different computer its operating speed difference is very big, is weighing an algorithm the complexity to note this question, which aigns willfully, a profitable target which designs, the complex low algorithm is as far as poible when designs algorithm , when the question, which aigns already when has many kinds of algorithms, an important criterion which choice complexity low, is when selects algorithm should , the algorithm complex analysis or selects to the algorithm design has the important guiding sense and the use discuion algorithm complexity, two questions need to clarify: (1 An algorithm's complexity exprees with what kind of quantity; (2 How to calculate one to aign the algorithm the finding solves a question the algorithm, is this algorithm realization, as for whether could find the method which realized, was decided in the algorithm circularity and the computation complexity, whether this question did have the solution algorithm, whether to provide the time resources which and the spatial resources the algorithm Basic 語(yǔ)言與算法
1991年,美國(guó)微軟公司推出了Visual Basic(可簡(jiǎn)稱VB,目前的最新版本是VB 2008 Beta2(VB9中文版。
9 / 19 Visual 意即可視的、可見(jiàn)的,指的是開(kāi)發(fā)像windows操作系統(tǒng)的圖形用戶界面(Graphic User Interface,GUI的方法,它不需要編寫大量代碼去描述界面元素的外觀和位置,只要把預(yù)先建立好的對(duì)象拖放到屏幕上相應(yīng)的位置即可。
basic 實(shí)際上是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)的縮寫,這個(gè)短語(yǔ)就是 Beginners all_purpose symbolic instruction code ,其中文意思為“初始者通用符號(hào)指令代碼語(yǔ)言”。Visual Basic有學(xué)習(xí)版、專業(yè)版和企業(yè)版三種版本,以滿足不同的開(kāi)發(fā)需要。學(xué)習(xí)版適用于普通學(xué)習(xí)者及大多數(shù)使用Visual Basic開(kāi)發(fā)一般Windows應(yīng)用程序的人員,但是;專業(yè)版適用于計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)人員,包括了學(xué)習(xí)版的全部?jī)?nèi)容功能以及Internet控件開(kāi)發(fā)工具之類的高級(jí)特性;企業(yè)版除包含專業(yè)版全部的內(nèi)容外,還有自動(dòng)化構(gòu)件管理器等工具,使得專業(yè)編程人員能夠開(kāi)發(fā)功能強(qiáng)大的組骨子里分布式應(yīng)用程序。
Visual Basic 第1節(jié)Visual Basic的概述
microsoft Visual Basic(簡(jiǎn)稱VB是在Windows操作平臺(tái)下設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用程序的最速度、最簡(jiǎn)捷的工具之一。不論是初學(xué)者還是專業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)人員,VB都為他們提供了一整套的工具,可以輕松方便的開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用程序。因此,VB一直被作為大多數(shù)電腦初學(xué)者的首選入門編程語(yǔ)言。
“Visual”指的是采用可視化的開(kāi)發(fā)圖形用戶界面(GUI的方法,一般不需要編寫大量代碼去描述界面元素的外觀和位置,而只要把需要的控件拖放到屏幕上的相應(yīng)位置即可方便圖形設(shè)計(jì)圖形用戶界面;“Basic”指的是 BASIC語(yǔ)言,因?yàn)閂B是在原有的BAISC語(yǔ)言的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來(lái)的。
VB是 Microsoft的一種通用程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言,它包括在 Microsoft Excel、Microsoft Acce等眾多Windows應(yīng)用軟件中的VBA都使用VB語(yǔ)言,以供用戶進(jìn)行二次開(kāi)發(fā);目前制作網(wǎng)頁(yè)使用較多的VBScript腳本語(yǔ)言也是VB的子集。
利用VB的數(shù)據(jù)訪問(wèn)特性用戶可以對(duì)包括 Microsoft SQL Server和其他企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)在內(nèi)的大部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)格式創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和前端應(yīng)用程序,以及可調(diào)整的服務(wù)端部
10 / 19 件。利用ActiveX(TM技術(shù),VB可使用 Microsoft Word字處理器、Microsoft Excel電子數(shù)據(jù)表極其他Windows應(yīng)用程序提供的功能,甚至可直接
使用由VB專業(yè)版或企業(yè)版創(chuàng)建的應(yīng)用程序和對(duì)象。 用戶最終創(chuàng)建的程序是一個(gè)真正的.EXE文件,可以自由發(fā)布。
VB提供了學(xué)習(xí)版,專業(yè)版和企業(yè)版,用以滿足不同的開(kāi)發(fā)需求。學(xué)習(xí)版使編程人員很容易地開(kāi)發(fā)Windows和Windows NT的應(yīng)用程序。專業(yè)版為專業(yè)編程人員提供了功能完備的開(kāi)發(fā)工具,專業(yè)版中包含了學(xué)習(xí)版的所有功能。企業(yè)版允許專業(yè)人員以小組的形式來(lái)創(chuàng)建強(qiáng)大的分布式應(yīng)用程序。它包括專業(yè)版的所有的特性。所以可以根據(jù)不同的需要來(lái)選擇不同的版本。
第2節(jié)集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境
VB的集成環(huán)境或稱IDE,由多個(gè)部分組成,包含了標(biāo)題欄、菜單欄、工具欄、控件箱,以及窗體設(shè)計(jì)器窗口、工程管理器窗口、屬性窗口、代碼窗口和窗體布局窗體布局等。覆蓋了開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用程序的設(shè)計(jì)、編輯、編譯和調(diào)試等所有功能。
在VB中,應(yīng)用程序也稱工程。當(dāng)?shù)谝淮螁?dòng)VB并打開(kāi)一個(gè)新工程時(shí),可以看到如圖所示的集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境界面。
Visual Basic 集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境
VB通過(guò)工程來(lái)組織應(yīng)用程序的開(kāi)發(fā),使用工程來(lái)管理構(gòu)成應(yīng)用程序的所有文件。一個(gè)工程一般由若干個(gè)窗體、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模塊以及應(yīng)用環(huán)境組成。系統(tǒng)通過(guò)工程菜單來(lái)對(duì)工程進(jìn)行管理,如添加窗體、引用等。系統(tǒng)允許同時(shí)打開(kāi)和管理多個(gè)工程。
第3節(jié)Visual Basic語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)介
basic是最常被用來(lái)做入門使用的高級(jí)語(yǔ)言。它的全名是 Beginner’s All-purpose Sumbolic Instruction Code,簡(jiǎn)稱為 BASIC。顧名思義,Basic 就是一種專為初學(xué)者設(shè)計(jì)的語(yǔ)言,因其易學(xué)易懂,所以身受歡迎。早期的Basic 語(yǔ)言都是屬于解譯式
11 / 19 的,因此可以一行一行地執(zhí)行,所以它可以立刻看到執(zhí)行的結(jié)果,對(duì)初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)這是很方便的設(shè)計(jì)。不過(guò)它也因此沒(méi)有結(jié)構(gòu)化的概念,在程序的維護(hù)及管理上比起其他語(yǔ)言困難許多。不過(guò)在后期的Basic則改正了以上的缺點(diǎn)(如Quick Basic,使得它也可以用來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)較大型的程序。
語(yǔ)言是構(gòu)成VB程序的基本成分。VB規(guī)定了語(yǔ)句格式和功能。 語(yǔ)法: 語(yǔ)句定義符[語(yǔ)句體] 語(yǔ)句定義符用于規(guī)定語(yǔ)句的功能,語(yǔ)句體指定語(yǔ)句的具體內(nèi)容或要執(zhí)行的具體操作。所有語(yǔ)句的集合就是VB語(yǔ)言,用VB語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行有機(jī)組合完成某個(gè)特定功能就是程序。界面+程序就能解決某個(gè)應(yīng)用問(wèn)題。
VB應(yīng)用程序代碼一般在“代碼編輯器”窗口編寫?！按a編輯器”像是一個(gè)高度專門化的字處理軟件,有很多便于編寫VB代碼的功能,圖所示為[例Ex-Hello]在“代碼編輯器”窗口編寫的代碼。
“代碼編輯器”窗口
第4節(jié)用Visual Basic開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用程序
使用VB編程,一般先設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用程序的外觀,然后再分別編寫各對(duì)象事件的程序代碼或其他處理程序,編程的工作要輕松多。
創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用程序的步驟如下: 1.創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用程序界面
界面是用戶和程序交互的橋梁,用VB創(chuàng)建的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的WINDOWS應(yīng)用程序的界面一般由窗體和按鈕、菜單、文本框的圖象框等構(gòu)成。根據(jù)程序的功能要求和用戶與程序之間的信息交流的需要,來(lái)確定需要那些對(duì)象,規(guī)劃界面的布局。
12 / 19 2.設(shè)計(jì)界面上各個(gè)對(duì)象的屬性
根據(jù)規(guī)劃的界面要求設(shè)置各個(gè)對(duì)象的屬性,比如對(duì)象的外貌、名稱、顏色、大小等。
大多數(shù)屬性取值既可以在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)通過(guò)屬性窗口來(lái)設(shè)置,也可以在程序代碼中通過(guò)編程在程序運(yùn)行時(shí)設(shè)置修改。
3.編程對(duì)象響應(yīng)的程序代碼
界面僅僅決定了程序的外觀,設(shè)計(jì)完界面后就要通過(guò)“代碼編輯器”
窗口來(lái)添加代碼,實(shí)現(xiàn)一些在接受外界信息后作出響應(yīng)、信息處理等任務(wù),添加代碼,實(shí)現(xiàn)一些在接受外界信息后作出的響應(yīng)、信息處理等任務(wù),添加代碼如圖的代碼編輯窗口所示
“代碼編輯器”窗口 4.保存工程
一個(gè)VB程序就是一個(gè)工程,在設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序時(shí),系統(tǒng)會(huì)建立一個(gè)擴(kuò)展名為.vbp的工程文件,工程文件包含了該工程所建立的所有文件的相關(guān)信息,保存工程就同時(shí)保存了該工程的所有相關(guān)文件。比如當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)界面時(shí)產(chǎn)生的窗體保存在擴(kuò)展名為.frm和.frx的窗體文件中。在打開(kāi)一個(gè)工程(文件時(shí),該工程有關(guān)的所有文件同時(shí)被裝載。
5.行和調(diào)試程序
通過(guò)“運(yùn)行”菜單中的選項(xiàng)來(lái)運(yùn)行程序,當(dāng)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí), VB系統(tǒng)可以提供信息提示也可通過(guò)“調(diào)試”和“運(yùn)行”菜單來(lái)查找和排除錯(cuò)誤。
6.生成可執(zhí)行程序
13 / 19 為了使程序可以脫離VB環(huán)境,通過(guò)“文件”菜單中的“生成工程”命令來(lái)生成可執(zhí)行程序(.exe文件,此后即可直接執(zhí)行該文件。在生成可+執(zhí)行程序后,再通過(guò)安裝向?qū)⑺邢嚓P(guān)文件打包,就可以作為一個(gè)軟件產(chǎn)品在windows 9x/2000 環(huán)境下安裝后獨(dú)立運(yùn)行
VB的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編程方面按其難易程度可分為三類(由易到難; ●使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)控制項(xiàng)和綁定控制項(xiàng) ●使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)象變量進(jìn)行編程 ●直接調(diào)用 在使用VB進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編程時(shí),通常,會(huì)首先選擇三種基本方法之一來(lái)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用程序的方案設(shè)計(jì), 現(xiàn)在就將以上三種設(shè)計(jì)方法的適應(yīng)范圍及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行一個(gè)比較。
1 使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)控制項(xiàng)和綁定控制項(xiàng) 優(yōu)點(diǎn)
它是三種方法中編碼量最小的 不必了解的細(xì)節(jié)
允許使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的和第三方廠商制訂的控制項(xiàng) 簡(jiǎn)化了錯(cuò)誤處理
支持所有的動(dòng)態(tài)集方法及屬性 缺點(diǎn)
不能存取快照對(duì)象(snapshop對(duì)象或表格對(duì)象(都屬于記錄集對(duì)象
14 / 19 不能存取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)集合,比如表定義(TableDefs字段(Fieds,索引 ( Indexes及查詢定義(QueryDefs 只能存取部分管理函數(shù) 不能進(jìn)行真正的事務(wù)處理 有限的錯(cuò)誤診斷功能 應(yīng)用
對(duì)中小規(guī)模的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表(通常少于一千條記錄只進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)章的瀏覽操作 基本SQL查詢所對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)果集長(zhǎng)度有限(通常結(jié)果集的記錄數(shù)小于一百, 這些記錄從一個(gè)或兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)度有限的表中檢索出來(lái)
應(yīng)用程序的數(shù)據(jù)輸入/輸出項(xiàng)較少(通常只涉及一個(gè)或兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)度有限的表、并且表中的字段數(shù)在10個(gè)左右且不具有關(guān)系完整性限制 2 使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)象變量進(jìn)行編程 優(yōu)點(diǎn)
可以在程序中存取的管理函數(shù)
可以控制多種記錄集類型:Dynaset、Snapshop及Table記錄集合對(duì)象 可以存取存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程和查詢動(dòng)作
可以存取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)集合對(duì)象,例如TableDefs、Fields、Indexes及QueryDefs 具有真正的事務(wù)處理能力 , 包括啟動(dòng)事務(wù) ( Begintrans、提交事務(wù)(CommitTrans及回滾事務(wù)(Rollback 缺點(diǎn)
15 / 19 比使用數(shù)據(jù)控制項(xiàng)的方法編碼量較大 只能進(jìn)行間接的錯(cuò)誤處理和錯(cuò)誤恢復(fù) 對(duì)每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作沒(méi)有細(xì)粒度的控制
對(duì)結(jié)果集和包含結(jié)果集的內(nèi)豐資源的操作受到限制 同直接使用函數(shù)的方法相比性能較低 應(yīng)用
應(yīng)用程序需要在執(zhí)行期間動(dòng)態(tài)地建立表、字段及索引.應(yīng)用程序涉及同步更新幾張表(但在邏輯上保持一致性的復(fù)雜事務(wù)
應(yīng)用程序使用結(jié)果集而不是Dynaset的窗體(FORMS,例如Snapshots或Tables,這里是設(shè)計(jì)要考慮的關(guān)鍵
應(yīng)用程序的表非常大,多于1000條記錄
應(yīng)用程序具有復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)輸入/輸出項(xiàng),它涉及許多內(nèi)部相關(guān)的字段并且包括數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)參照完整性或一致性規(guī)則
應(yīng)用程序需要執(zhí)行一些額外的操作和對(duì)結(jié)果集的查詢后處理, 尤其是需要 很高的數(shù)據(jù)格式化顯示
應(yīng)用程序需要利用復(fù)雜的ODBC管理功能以選擇、配置、校驗(yàn)及建立各種數(shù)據(jù)源
應(yīng)用程序需要在執(zhí)行期間“顯示”數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 應(yīng)用程序需要使用復(fù)雜的多碼索引方式來(lái)檢索或更新記錄 3 直接調(diào)用
16 / 19 優(yōu)點(diǎn)
可以直接參與結(jié)果集的開(kāi)發(fā)、管理及規(guī)范化
對(duì)結(jié)果集游標(biāo)提供了更多的控制,并且提供了更多的游標(biāo)類型和執(zhí)行動(dòng)作 能夠確定ODBC驅(qū)動(dòng)程序及SQL的一致性級(jí)別 可以更好地控制Windows的執(zhí)行調(diào)度及資源利用
其他方面同其他方法差不多,因此這種方法很可能具有最好的性能 缺點(diǎn)
較其他兩種方法需要大量的代碼
代碼復(fù)雜并且要求程序員具有編制API調(diào)用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)
在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上Visual Basic運(yùn)行期間庫(kù)的錯(cuò)誤處理缺乏安全性,因此代碼運(yùn)行期間出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤所造成的后果會(huì)非常嚴(yán)重
應(yīng)用
如果系統(tǒng)環(huán)境為客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器模式下的大規(guī)模多用戶環(huán)境,那么應(yīng)用程序必須都能夠準(zhǔn)確地解決可能出現(xiàn)的系統(tǒng)錯(cuò)誤和失敗
應(yīng)用程序強(qiáng)調(diào)資源使用,這里如何對(duì)內(nèi)存、網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器資源進(jìn)行直接控制是首要的考慮因素
應(yīng)用程序使用超大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),例如數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表可能包含幾萬(wàn)或幾十萬(wàn)條記錄計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)中的任何軟件,都是由大大小小的各種軟件組成部分構(gòu)成,各自按照特定的算法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),算法的好壞直接決定所實(shí)現(xiàn)軟件性能的優(yōu)劣。用什么方法來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)算法,所設(shè)計(jì)算法需要什么樣的資源,需要多少運(yùn)行時(shí)間、多少存儲(chǔ)空間,如何判定一個(gè)算法的好壞,在實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)軟件時(shí),都是必須予以解決的。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)中的操作系統(tǒng)、語(yǔ)
17 / 19 言編譯系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)以及各種各樣的計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中的軟件,都必須用一個(gè)個(gè)具體的算法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此,算法設(shè)計(jì)與分析是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)的一個(gè)核心問(wèn)題。
算法是解題的步驟,我們可以把算法定義成解一確定類問(wèn)題的任意一種特殊的方法。在計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)中,算法要用計(jì)算機(jī)算法語(yǔ)言描述,算法代表用計(jì)算機(jī)解一類問(wèn)題的精確、有效的方法。算法+數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)=程序,求解一個(gè)給定的可計(jì)算或可解的問(wèn)題,不同的人可以編寫出不同的程序,來(lái)解決同一個(gè)問(wèn)題,這里存在兩個(gè)問(wèn)題:一是與計(jì)算方法密切相關(guān)的算法問(wèn)題;二是程序設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)問(wèn)題。算法和程序之間存在密切的關(guān)系。算法是一組有窮的規(guī)則,它們規(guī)定了解決某一特定類型問(wèn)題的一系列運(yùn)算,是對(duì)解題方案的準(zhǔn)確與完整的描述。制定一個(gè)算法,一般要經(jīng)過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)、確認(rèn)、分析、編碼、測(cè)試、調(diào)試、計(jì)時(shí)等階段。對(duì)算法的學(xué)習(xí)包括五個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:①設(shè)計(jì)算法。算法設(shè)計(jì)工作是不可能完全自動(dòng)化的,應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)了解已經(jīng)被實(shí)踐證明是有用的一些基本的算法設(shè)計(jì)方法,這些基本的設(shè)計(jì)方法不僅適用于計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué),而且適用于電氣工程、運(yùn)籌學(xué)等領(lǐng)域;②表示算法。描述算法的方法有多種形式,例如自然語(yǔ)言和算法語(yǔ)言,各自有適用的環(huán)境和特點(diǎn);③確認(rèn)算法。算法確認(rèn)的目的是使人們確信這一算法能夠正確無(wú)誤地工作,即該算法具有可計(jì)算性。正確的算法用計(jì)算機(jī)算法語(yǔ)言描述,構(gòu)成計(jì)算機(jī)程序, 計(jì)算機(jī)程序在計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行，得到算法運(yùn)算的結(jié)果；④ 分析算法。算法分析是 對(duì)一個(gè)算法需要多少計(jì)算時(shí)間和存儲(chǔ)空間作定量的分析。 分析算法可以預(yù)測(cè)這一 算法適合在什么樣的環(huán)境中有效地運(yùn)行， 對(duì)解決同一問(wèn)題的不同算法的有效性作 出比較；⑤ 驗(yàn)證算法。用計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言描述的算法是否可計(jì)算、有效合理，須對(duì) 程序進(jìn)行測(cè)試，測(cè)試程序的工作由調(diào)試和作時(shí)空分布圖組成。 而算法具有一定的特性，它包括：① 確定性。算法的每一種運(yùn)算必須有確 定的意義，該種運(yùn)算應(yīng)執(zhí)行何種動(dòng)作應(yīng)無(wú)二義性，目的明確；② 能行性。要求 算法中有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的運(yùn)算都是基本的， 每種運(yùn)算至少在原理上能由人用紙和筆在有 限的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成；③ 輸入。一個(gè)算法有 0 個(gè)或多個(gè)輸入，在算法運(yùn)算開(kāi)始之前 給出算法所需數(shù)據(jù)的初值，這些輸入取自特定的對(duì)象集合；④ 輸出。作為算法 運(yùn)算的結(jié)果， 一個(gè)算法產(chǎn)生一個(gè)
18 / 19 或多個(gè)輸出， 輸出是同輸入有某種特定關(guān)系的量； ⑤ 有窮性。一個(gè)算法總是在執(zhí)行了有窮步的運(yùn)算后終止，即該算法是可達(dá)的。 滿足前四個(gè)特性的一組規(guī)則不能稱為算法，只能稱為計(jì)算過(guò)程，操作系統(tǒng)是計(jì)算 過(guò)程的一個(gè)例子，操作系統(tǒng)用來(lái)管理計(jì)算機(jī)資源，控制作業(yè)的運(yùn)行，沒(méi)有作業(yè)運(yùn) 行時(shí)，計(jì)算過(guò)程并不停止，而是處于等待狀態(tài)。 算法的復(fù)雜性是算法效率的度量，在評(píng)價(jià)算法性能時(shí)，復(fù)雜性是一個(gè)重要的 依據(jù)。 算法的復(fù)雜性的程度與運(yùn)行該算法所需要的計(jì)算機(jī)資源的多少有關(guān)，所需 要的資源越多，表明該算法的復(fù)雜性越高；所需要的資源越少，表明該算法的復(fù) 雜性越低。 計(jì)算機(jī)的資源， 最重要的是運(yùn)算所需的時(shí)間和存儲(chǔ)程序和數(shù)據(jù)所需的空間資 源，算法的復(fù)雜性有時(shí)間復(fù)雜性和空間復(fù)雜性之分。 算法在計(jì)算機(jī)上執(zhí)行運(yùn)算， 需要一定的存儲(chǔ)空間存放描述算法的程序和算法 所需的數(shù)據(jù)， 計(jì)算機(jī)完成運(yùn)算任務(wù)需要一定的時(shí)間。根據(jù)不同的算法寫出的程序 放在計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)算時(shí)， 所需要的時(shí)間和空間是不同的，算法的復(fù)雜性是對(duì)算法運(yùn) 算所需時(shí)間和空間的一種度量。 不同的計(jì)算機(jī)其運(yùn)算速度相差很大，在衡量一個(gè) 算法的復(fù)雜性要注意到這一點(diǎn)。 對(duì)于任意給定的問(wèn)題， 設(shè)計(jì)出復(fù)雜性盡可能低的算法是在設(shè)計(jì)算法時(shí)考慮的 一個(gè)重要目標(biāo)。另外，當(dāng)給定的問(wèn)題已有多種算法時(shí)，選擇其中復(fù)雜性最低者， 是在選用算法時(shí)應(yīng)遵循的一個(gè)重要準(zhǔn)則。因此，算法的復(fù)雜性分析對(duì)算法的設(shè)計(jì) 或選用有著重要的指導(dǎo)意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。
19 / 19
計(jì)算機(jī)通用類專業(yè)技術(shù)崗位職責(zé)共5
通用技術(shù)實(shí)踐室管理員崗位職責(zé)
1、樹立為教學(xué)服務(wù)的思想，嚴(yán)格遵守通用技術(shù)實(shí)踐室管理制度，認(rèn)真研究教材和技術(shù)實(shí)踐內(nèi)容，掌握本學(xué)科各種儀器設(shè)備的規(guī)格、性能和用途，能熟練操作，同時(shí)具有一定的維修儀器技能，會(huì)修理一般儀器及設(shè)備。
2、按規(guī)定領(lǐng)取和添置教學(xué)儀器、設(shè)備，建好儀器設(shè)備賬細(xì)目表。每學(xué)期末核對(duì)賬物，并向主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)匯報(bào)儀器、設(shè)備的損耗情況，編報(bào)下學(xué)期添置儀器、設(shè)備、耗材計(jì)劃。
3、堅(jiān)守工作崗位。課前按照任課教師提交的實(shí)踐通知單準(zhǔn)備好所需要的儀器設(shè)備，協(xié)助教師完成通用技術(shù)實(shí)踐教學(xué)。
4、積極配合任課教師安全、規(guī)范地組織學(xué)生進(jìn)行教學(xué)實(shí)踐，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生按照設(shè)備的安全說(shuō)明書進(jìn)行實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，杜絕一切不安全的事件發(fā)生。
5、操作完畢，與任課教師共同清點(diǎn)和整理好儀器、設(shè)備、模型，特別是實(shí)踐工具和學(xué)生實(shí)踐器材，如有損壞，要填表登記，及時(shí)查明原因。
6、根據(jù)儀器不同特性，定期做好儀器的保養(yǎng)、維修、校驗(yàn)和安全存放工作。貴重儀器，必須按要求妥善保管。
7、儀器設(shè)備工具和模型要按照管理制度要求進(jìn)行分類和編號(hào)，定位入柜，陳列整齊，經(jīng)常保持實(shí)踐室和準(zhǔn)備室通風(fēng)、干燥和清潔衛(wèi)生。
8、專職管理人員如因工作調(diào)動(dòng)或其它原因離開(kāi)實(shí)踐室，必須認(rèn)真辦好儀器設(shè)備、賬目等的移交手續(xù)。
9、認(rèn)真做好實(shí)踐室的安全管理工作，定期檢查消防設(shè)施，禁止超負(fù)荷用電，防止電氣火災(zāi)。離開(kāi)教室前，必須對(duì)門、窗、水源、電源等進(jìn)行全面檢查。
10、協(xié)助教師維修和自制教具，支持學(xué)生開(kāi)展科技活動(dòng)、綜合實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。
計(jì)算機(jī)通用類專業(yè)技術(shù)崗位職責(zé)共5篇 專業(yè)技術(shù)崗位和管理崗位對(duì)應(yīng)相關(guān)文章：
相關(guān)熱詞搜索：計(jì)算機(jī)通用類專業(yè)技術(shù)崗位職責(zé)