下面是范文網(wǎng)小編分享的軍訓(xùn)英語詞組3篇 軍訓(xùn)英語詞組怎么寫,供大家賞析。
軍訓(xùn)英語詞組1
1、a number of, the number of a number of +可數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),意為許多,大量的……
the number of +可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù),意為……的數(shù)目
2、able, capable, competent able為常用詞,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知識(shí)與時(shí)間等,搭配是be able to do 。如:A cat is able to see in the dark.(貓?jiān)诤诎抵心芸匆姈|西。)
capable 指滿足一般要求的能力,搭配是be capable of +doing。
competent 指“勝任”,“合格”,或受過專業(yè)技術(shù)等訓(xùn)練的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases.(醫(yī)生應(yīng)該能治多種病。)
3、above all;after all;at all;in all above all意為“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入語,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如:
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告訴我該做什么。
after all意為“畢竟”、“終究”、“終歸”、“到底”,在句中位置較靈活??晌挥诰涫住⒕渲谢蚓淠?。如:
after all,your birthday is only two weeks away.畢竟,兩周后就是你的生日。
He is,after all,a small child.他畢竟還是個(gè)小孩子。
He failed after all.他終于失敗了。
at all用于否定句時(shí),意為“絲毫;根本”,用于疑問句時(shí)意為“究竟;到底”,用于條件句時(shí),常譯為“當(dāng)真;實(shí)在”。用于肯定句中,表示說話人的某種情緒或情感(如懷疑或驚奇等),意為“竟然”等。如:
He doesn’t like you at all.他根本不喜歡你。
are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做這件事?
If you do it at all,do it well.若你真要做這件事,就得做好。
I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然來了,我很驚訝。
In all意為“總共”,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。如:
there are 25,000 Inuit in all.(=In all,there are 25,000 Inuit.)這兒共有25,000因努伊特人。
4、aboard, abroad, board,broad
aboard 在船(或飛機(jī),車)上。如:I never went aboard a 副詞,在國外或海外。如:He often goes 為動(dòng)詞,上(船,飛機(jī),車)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane 為形容詞,寬廣的。如:He has very broad 、accept, receive
accept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。
如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it.(昨天我收到了一個(gè)請(qǐng)柬,但并沒有接受邀請(qǐng)。)
6、accident, incident, event
accident事故。如:a traffic accident(交通事故)
Incident“附帶事件”,在政治上特指引起國際爭端或戰(zhàn)爭的事件,事變。
event “事件”,指特別重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,也指國家和社會(huì)的事件。
7-accurate, correct, exact,precise
accurate準(zhǔn)確的,精確的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火車站的鐘應(yīng)該是準(zhǔn)確的。)
correct“正確的”,指符合一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)則,含有“無錯(cuò)誤的”意味。它的反義詞是incorrect, “精確的”,“恰好的”,比“大體上正確”更進(jìn)一步,表“絲毫不差”。它的反義詞是inexact。
precise強(qiáng)調(diào)“精確”,“精密”。
8、accuse, charge, sue
accuse 指責(zé),指控,常與of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of 常與with搭配。如:The police
charged the driver with reckless 常與for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his 、acquire, require, inquire
acquire取得,獲得,學(xué)到。如:acquire knowledge(獲得知識(shí))
Inquire打聽,詢問。如:inquire a person’s name(問一個(gè)人的姓名)
require需要。如:We require more help.(我們需要更多的幫助。)
10、adopt, adapt
adopt(1)收養(yǎng)。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl.(他們自己沒有孩子,所以決定收養(yǎng)一個(gè)小女孩。)(2)采納,采用,通過。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采納了我們的建議。)adopt與adapt詞形相近,后者的意思是“使適合”,“改編”等。
11、advantage, benefit, profit
advantage 常指一種使某人處于比其他人相對(duì)有利的地位,機(jī)會(huì)或時(shí)機(jī)。如:He had the advantage of good education.(受過良好的教育對(duì)他十分有利。)
profit 多指報(bào)償或報(bào)償性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year?(你去年賺錢了嗎?)
Benefit 指物質(zhì)利益或精神方面的好處。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我個(gè)人從這家企業(yè)中并不獲益。)
12、1affect, effect
affect影響(動(dòng)詞)。如Smoking affects 效果,影響(名詞)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.
13、afford, provide, supply
都有“提供,供給”的意思。
afford一般只用于抽象事物。
provide 和supply意思相同,兩個(gè)詞都和with連用,構(gòu)成provide /supply somebody with something的結(jié)構(gòu)。
14、ago, before ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”,常與一般過去時(shí)連用,不可以單獨(dú)使用。
Before指過去或?qū)淼哪硶r(shí)刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成時(shí)連用,可以單獨(dú)使用。
例如,I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分鐘之前看到的他。
He told me that he had seen the film before.他告訴我他以前看過這場電影。
15、agree on;agree to;agree with agree on作“就……取得一致意見”解。例如:
the building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
上月,就建一座新汽車廠之事達(dá)成了協(xié)議。
agree to有兩層含義和用法:
其一是to作為動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào),其后跟動(dòng)詞原形,作“同意(答應(yīng))做某事”解。
例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me. 父親答應(yīng)給我買支新鋼筆。
其二是to作為介詞,之后跟表示“計(jì)劃/條件/建議等一類的名詞或代詞”。例如:
they have a greed to our plan.他們已同意我們的計(jì)劃。
agree with作“同意某人的意見”解,其后可跟表示人的名詞或代詞,也可跟表示“意見”或“說的話”的名詞或從句。例如:
He agreed with my opinions. 他同意了我的意見。
We agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我們同意他在會(huì)上講的話。
16、alive, living, live
alive 指雖有死的可能,但仍活著,一般只作表語。
living可用于人或物,作定語時(shí)可前可后。live只做前置定語,用于動(dòng)物和個(gè)別事物前。
17、almost, nearly 一般說來,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“開始”、“完成”(目標(biāo))等。
在all, every, always 前,兩者都可用。如:He is almost(nearly)smoking.(他幾
乎每天抽煙。)
almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 連用,而nearly卻不能。如:Almost no one believed her.(幾乎沒人相信他。)
18、alone, lonely
alone只表“獨(dú)自”的客觀狀態(tài),沒有感情色彩,只作表語;lonely表“孤獨(dú)”,:“寂寞”,能作定語和表語。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely.(剩下她一人時(shí)她就感到寂寞。)
alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone須置于被修飾詞之后,only往往置于被修飾詞前。如:He alone(Only he)can remember the story.(只有他才能記起這段經(jīng)歷。)
19、altogether, all together altogether總計(jì),總共。如:Altogether there are six of us.(我們總計(jì)六人。)
all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together.(我們大家都一起來玩游戲吧。)
20、although;though;as
三者均可表示“盡管;雖然”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。although用法較正式,語氣較強(qiáng);though較常用;as則主要用于倒裝句。它們的用法有如下幾點(diǎn)值得注意:
狀語從句由although, though或as引導(dǎo),主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列連詞,但可有yet或still等副詞。although與though常可互換。例如:
although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act. 他雖然相信它,但卻不肯有所行動(dòng)。
as表示“盡管;雖然”,只能用于倒裝句,即:將表語、狀語或謂語動(dòng)詞放在as之前。though也可這么用。例如:
Young as/though he is, he knows a lot. 他雖然年紀(jì)不大,卻懂得很多。
注意:如果表語是單數(shù)名詞,要省略a。例如:
child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages. 雖然他是個(gè)孩子,但他會(huì)說兩門外語。
though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although卻不能。例如:
they said they would come;they did not, though. 他們說他們會(huì)來,可是他們
并沒有來。
although只用來陳述“事實(shí)”,不能表示“假設(shè)”。因此可以說even though“即使”以及as though“好像(=as if)”,不能說even although或as although。例如:
I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes. 盡管你穿著便衣,我相信你是在值勤。[外語
@
21、among, between
among 在……中間(三者或三者以上之間)。如:Our house is hidden among 在兩者之間。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.
22、answer, reply, respond
用作動(dòng)詞,都可表“回答”,“答復(fù)”。
answer是常用詞,后可接letter(回信),question(回答問題),doorbell(開門),telephone(接電話),advertisement(應(yīng)征廣告)等。
reply較正式,一般只作不及物動(dòng)詞,可
與to連用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的問題。)
respond作“回答”解,用得較少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question.(他很快就回答了問題。)
另外,respond還可表“對(duì)……反應(yīng)”,“響應(yīng)”。
23、approve, prove
approve(1)贊成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不贊成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。)(2)批準(zhǔn),通過。如:The minister approved the building plan.部長批準(zhǔn)了建筑計(jì)劃。
prove和approve詞形相似,prove是“證明”,“表明是”等。
24、arise/rise/raise/ arouse
arise是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“起源于(和from連用)和“出現(xiàn)”。
rise是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“上升”,該詞是不及物動(dòng)詞:rise, rose, risen raise是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“舉起”。
arouse的意思是“引起,導(dǎo)致”。Black smoke rose from the is too weak to raise that heavy usually arise from crisis has arisen in their ’s behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.
25、as(so)far as;as(so)long as as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as(so)far as sth.is concerned是其中一種具體用法,意為“就某事而言”;as(so)long as意為“只要”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。如:
as far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.
就我所知,一千多萬下崗工人已經(jīng)找到了新的工作。
there is nothing that we can’t do so / as long as we keep on trying to do it.
只要我們不斷地努力去做,就沒有什么事干不成。
as far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.
就中國的旅游業(yè)而言,需要做的工作還很多。
26、as though;even though;though as though(=as if),意為“好像;似乎”,引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或表語從句。如:
He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.他說話的口氣好像他以前來過這里。
It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起來好像要下雨。
even though(=even if),意為“即使”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。though也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“雖然”;even though有退一步設(shè)想的意味,與though不同。though引導(dǎo)的句子所說的是事實(shí),even though引導(dǎo)的句子所說的則不一定是事實(shí)。例如:
He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道這個(gè)秘密,他也不肯說出來。
He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他雖然知道這個(gè)秘密,但他不會(huì)說出來。
27、assure, ensure, insure
assure的意思是“使(某人)確信”,一般用作:assure /that…,后面不能直接跟that從句。
ensure的意思是“保證”,后面可以接雙賓語,也可以接that從句。
Insure的意思是“給…上保險(xiǎn)”。例如:
He assured me that it was can’t ensure you a good house is insured against fire.
28、at the beginning;in the
Beginning
at the beginning 在……初;在……開始的時(shí)候。常與of連用。例如: Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term. 學(xué)生們?cè)陂_學(xué)初制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。in the beginning 相當(dāng)于at first,表示“起初、開始”時(shí),含“起初是這種情況,而后來卻不是這種情況”之意,不與of連用。例如: In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics. 起初我們有些人對(duì)物理不感興趣。
29、at the time;at that time;at one time;at a time
at the time通常用于過去時(shí)句子中,指某件事情發(fā)生的“當(dāng)時(shí)”、“那時(shí)”。例如:
Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time. 當(dāng)時(shí),許多人都看到了這件奇怪的事情的發(fā)生。
有時(shí),at the time的后面可接“of...”短語。這時(shí),它表示“在(某事態(tài))發(fā)生的時(shí)候”或“在……的時(shí)代”。例如:
Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989﹖
1989年舊金山發(fā)生地震時(shí),你在那里嗎?
at that time 則通常指前文明確提到的某個(gè)時(shí)期、時(shí)候。通常其后不帶“of...”短語。例如:
In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan.At that time(=At the 17th century)the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded.
at one time=during a period of time in the past意為“過去有一段時(shí)期”,“曾經(jīng)”。例如:
they used to be good friends at one time. 他們?cè)?jīng)是好朋友。
at a time則意為“一次”,表示一個(gè)時(shí)間單位。它常與表示數(shù)量的詞語連用,表示頻率。例如:
Don’t speak all at once.One at a time, please. 不要同時(shí)一起說。一次只一個(gè)人說。
take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time. 這些藥每天服三次,每次服三粒
31、await, wait
await是及物動(dòng)詞。如:I await your further “等”、“等候”,是不及物動(dòng)詞,后常接介詞for。如:I will wait for you at the school gate.
32、award, prize, reward
award, reward作動(dòng)詞。award意為“授予(獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金等)”,后面可跟雙賓語;reward意為“報(bào)酬”,“酬謝”,只能跟人或以人的行為作賓語。
award, prize, reward作名詞時(shí),award
常指獎(jiǎng)金,獎(jiǎng)品;prize多指在競賽、競爭中獲勝所贏得的獎(jiǎng);reward則指為某項(xiàng)勞動(dòng)或行為所付的酬金。
33、because/since/as/for
這四個(gè)詞都是表示原因或理由的連接詞,但是as,because,since是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,for是并列連詞,所引導(dǎo)的不是原因狀語從句,而是表示理由的對(duì)等句子,是對(duì)前面所講內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充和說明。在語氣上由強(qiáng)至弱依次為because→since→as→for。because引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句末,表示直接的原因或理由,表示產(chǎn)生那種結(jié)果的必然的因果關(guān)系,在回答why的提問時(shí),必須用because作答。
如:We stayed at home because it rained.因?yàn)橄掠晡覀兇粼诩依铩?/p>
as與since引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句首,不過as表示十分明顯的原因,只說明一般的因果關(guān)系,可譯為“因?yàn)椤⒂捎凇?;而since則表示稍加分析、對(duì)方已知的原因,一般可譯為“既然”。如:
as he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone.由于他身體欠佳,我決定獨(dú)自去那里。Since everyone is here,let's start.既然大家都到了,咱們就開始吧。
for引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句末,其前用逗號(hào),它所敘述的理由是間接的,即推測性理由,或是對(duì)前面敘述的事實(shí)或看法的補(bǔ)充說明。如:
there must be nobody in the classroom,for the light is off. 教室里一定沒有人,因?yàn)闊魷缌?。(推測性理由)
34、beat, win beat表在比賽和戰(zhàn)斗中打敗對(duì)手,后接對(duì)手作賓語。
Win作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其賓語為游戲、比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、獎(jiǎng)金等名詞。如:He has won the race.(他贏得了賽跑的勝利。)
35、beside, besides beside在……旁邊。如:Come and sit beside 除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.
36、besides;except;but 三者都可以用作介詞。用于肯定句中時(shí),except/but意為“除……外(不再有)”;besides意為“除……外(還有)”。請(qǐng)比較:
all of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong. 除了吳東外,他們都看過了那部影片。
all of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong. 除了吳東看過那部影片外,他們也都看過了。
except后接名詞、代詞、-ing或不定式時(shí),可以與but互換;except后接副詞、介詞短語時(shí),一般不能為but所替換。如:
I’ll do everything except/but cook. 除了做飯,我什么事情都干。
this window is never opened except in summer. 除了在夏天,這個(gè)窗子從不打開。用在否定句中,三者可以互換。如:
there aren’t any other people to do the work except/but/besides you.
除了你,沒人能做這工作。
37、be known as; be known for;be known to; be known in be known as 意為“作為……而著名”,其后的名詞表示一個(gè)人的身份、職業(yè)等。如: Liu Huan is known as a singer.劉歡作為一個(gè)歌手而出名。
We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.我們相信你會(huì)成為一位著名的畫家。
Be known for 意為“因……而著名”,其后所接內(nèi)容表示某人或物的特點(diǎn)、特長等。如:
Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美麗的山水而聞名。
Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.
蓋爾多夫先生因在同一天組織兩場大型的流行音樂會(huì)而出名。
Be known to “為……所了解/知道”,其后接表示人的詞語?!埃ㄈ藗兌迹┲馈?,其后接動(dòng)詞原形。如:
He is known to all in our village.村子里的人都了解他。
He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things.
人們都知道他已經(jīng)發(fā)明了很多東西。
38、borrow, lend
Borrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment
lend把……借給。如:Can you lend me your bike
39、bring/take/fetch/carry
Bring(vt.)帶來:表示從別處把某人或某物拿到說話者處。
take(vt.)取走:表示將某物從講話者處帶走
fetch(vt.)去?。罕硎镜侥车貙⒛澄锘蚰橙四玫街v話者處。
carry(vt.)攜帶:表示用人力或交通工具把某物或某人,從一地帶到另一地。該動(dòng)詞不含方向意味。
the ball went over the fence and one of the players asked a boy to fetch city’s underground carries more people than the had better take an umbrella with you in case of , bring me a bottle of beer 、cause, reason
cause 指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth
reason用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由,后接for sth./doing reason for being late
。[
41、chance,opportunity,occasion
chance多指偶然的機(jī)會(huì),意外的機(jī)會(huì),帶有僥幸的意味。如:
evenso,itwasaluckychancethathecoulddoit.(即使如此,那也是他憑著僥幸才做到這點(diǎn)。opportunity主要指能夠去做某事,尤其是達(dá)到自己目的,實(shí)現(xiàn)某種愿望的好機(jī)會(huì)。如:
Youshouldmakethemostofyouropportunitiesofseeingthecountryandlearningthelanguage.(你應(yīng)該盡量利用你的機(jī)會(huì)去看看這個(gè)國家,學(xué)習(xí)它的語言。)
occasion主要指“時(shí)機(jī)”,“場合”,也含有“機(jī)會(huì)”的意思。如:
theflagsarehungoutontheoccasionoftheNationalDay.(每逢國慶節(jié),國旗都懸持出來了。)
42、childish,childlike
childish幼稚的。如:
孩子般天真的。如:
Whenshewonthegoldmedal,therewaschildlikesmileonherface.
43、cloth,clothing
cloth布。如:
衣服(總稱)。如:You’dbettergivealltheoldclothingaway.
44、compare…with;compar…to;comparedwith/to
compare…with意為“把……與……相比”,側(cè)重指兩者間的區(qū)別。
如:
comparethiscarwiththatone,andyouwillfi ndthedifferencesbetweenthem.
把這輛汽車與那輛汽車相比較,你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們之間的區(qū)別。
compare…to…意為“把……比作……”,著重注意兩者間的相似點(diǎn)。如:
thissongcomparesourcountrytoabigfamily.這首歌把我們的國家比作一個(gè)大家庭。
compare既可以單獨(dú)用作及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),以comparewith…形式出現(xiàn),表示“與……相比”。如:
livingherecan’tcomparewithlivinginShanghai.在這兒生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。
Ifyoucomparethetwowords,youcantellthedifferencebetweenthem.
如果你比較這兩個(gè)單詞,你就會(huì)辨別出它們之間的不同。
comparedwith…和comparedto…都可用作狀語,意義基本相同,可互換。如:
comparedto/withhim,youarelucky.與他相比,你是幸運(yùn)的。
Itwasasmalltownthen,comparedto/withwhatitisnow.和現(xiàn)在比起來,那時(shí)它還是個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。
45、compose,consist,constitute compose為常用詞,常用被動(dòng)語態(tài),如用主動(dòng)語態(tài),主語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Twelvemencomposeajury.(十二人組成陪審團(tuán)。)
consist表一個(gè)整體由幾個(gè)部分組成(只能用主動(dòng)語態(tài))。如:TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIsland.(聯(lián)合王國是由大不列顛及北愛爾蘭組
成。)
constitute為正式用詞,與consist相反,表由哪些部分構(gòu)成整體。如:Twelvemonthsconstituteayear.(一年有十二個(gè)月。)
46、considerable,considerate considerable相當(dāng)多的,可觀的。如:Hemetaconsiderableamountoftrouble.(他遇到了許多麻煩。)
considerate考慮周到的,體諒的。如:Itwasconsiderateofyounottotroubleus.(你真體貼人,不打擾我們。)
47、consistent,constant,continual,continuous
consistent一致的,符合的。如:不斷的,表示持續(xù)和慣常的重現(xiàn),往往沒有變化。如:
頻頻的,不停的,時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù),中間可有間歇。如:
不斷延伸的,連續(xù)不斷的,強(qiáng)調(diào)中間無間斷。如:
everythingintheuniverseundergoescontinuousdevelopmentandchange.
48、cost/take/spend/pay
cost(vt.)花費(fèi):指花費(fèi)金錢、勞力和時(shí)間。主語通常是事或物,可跟雙賓語。take(vt.)花費(fèi):指花費(fèi)時(shí)間。主語通常是一件事,也可以跟雙賓語。
spend(vt.)花費(fèi):指花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢,主語總是人??梢孕纬蓅pend…onsth./indoingsth.結(jié)構(gòu)。
pay(vt.&vi.)付錢,后面可以跟雙賓語,也可以當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞使用,形成payforsth.結(jié)構(gòu)。比較:
’sunclehastopayforhiseducationashisfatherhascomedownintheworld.
49、crack,crash
crack(使)破裂,砸開。如:
Icancrackit,butIcan’tbreakit.(我能把它弄裂,但不能把它弄破。)
crash摔壞,墜毀。如:
theplanecrashedshortlyafterthetake-off.(飛機(jī)起飛不久就墜毀了。)
50、cure,treat
cure治愈,醫(yī)治。如:
themedicinewillcureofyourdisease.(這藥能治好你的病。)
cure表示治好,treat只表示“給……治病”。[外語@教
外語
51、current,present
均可表“現(xiàn)在”,“目前”。
current強(qiáng)調(diào)在現(xiàn)階段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:currentEnglish(當(dāng)代英語)present為常用詞,指現(xiàn)在正在通用的,在時(shí)間上比current的范圍更窄。如:What’syourpresentaddress?(你現(xiàn)住址是哪里)
52、custom,habit
均可表習(xí)慣。
custom為正式用詞,多指社團(tuán)或人們的習(xí)慣行為方式。
Habit為常用詞,多指個(gè)人因多次重復(fù)而形成做某事的趨勢或意愿。如:
Hehasthebadhabitofbitinghisnails.(他有咬手指的壞習(xí)慣。)
53、damage;destroy;ruin
這三個(gè)詞都有“破壞;損壞”的意思,區(qū)別如下:
Damage意為“損壞、破壞”。它可用于表示損壞或破壞具體的物品,一般暗示損壞后價(jià)值或效益會(huì)降低,這種損壞是部分性的,通常指損壞的程度不那么嚴(yán)重,還可以修復(fù)再用。也可用于表示損壞抽象的東西,有時(shí)該詞也用于借喻。如:
thecarwasnotdamagedbadlyintheaccident,butfivepeoplewereseriouslyhurt.
汽車在事故中損壞不嚴(yán)重,但卻有五個(gè)人受了重傷。
Herheartwasslightlydamagedasaresultofherlongillness.長期生病使她的心臟受到輕度損傷。
Whattheysaidanddiddamagedtherelationsbetweenthetwocountries.
他們的言行損害了這兩個(gè)國家之間的關(guān)系。
smokinghasdamagedhishealthbadly.吸煙嚴(yán)重地?fù)p害了他的健康。
Damage還可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。如:
theearthquakedidalotofdamagestothecity.這場地震給這座城市帶來了巨大的破壞。
Destroy意為“破壞;摧毀;消滅;毀滅”,通常指程度非常嚴(yán)重的“毀壞”,一般情況下不可以修復(fù)再用。另外,它既可表示毀壞具體的物品,也可表示毀壞抽象的東西。如:
thebigfiredestroyedthewholehouse.這場大火把整座房子都燒毀了。
theNaziwantedtodestroypeople'shopes,butintheendwhatwasdestroyedwastheNazi'sdreambythepowerofpeople.納粹想摧毀人民的希望,最終是納粹的夢想被人民的力量所摧毀。
ruin多用于借喻之中,有時(shí)泛指一般性的破壞,指把某物損壞到了不能再使用的程度。如:
Mynewcoatisruined.我的外套不能再穿了。
therainwillruinthecrops.這雨會(huì)把莊稼毀掉的。
Iwasruinedbythatlawcase;I'maruinedman我被那場官司毀了,我破產(chǎn)了。
54、dependent,independent dependent依賴的,依靠的(on,upon)。如:不依靠的,獨(dú)立的(of)。如:Johnwasindependentofhisparentswhenhewasstillachild.
55、discover,invent discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。如:發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造。如:Akindoftoothbrushhasbeeninventedtorelievetoothache.
56、doubt/suspect doubt意為懷疑某事是不可能或不真實(shí)的,肯定句中常跟whether或if引出的賓語從句,否定句和疑問句常跟that引出的賓語從句。翻譯成“不相信”比較恰當(dāng)。而suspect意為懷疑或認(rèn)為某件事是真的。常跟that引起的賓語從句。翻譯成“猜想…是真的”比較恰當(dāng)。試比較:
Idoubtwhetherheisagenius.我看他未必是個(gè)天才。
Doyoudoubtthatheisagenius? 你懷疑他是個(gè)天才嗎? Isuspectthatheisagenius.我猜想他是個(gè)天才。
57、effective,efficient
均可表示“有效的”。
effective常用以指物,強(qiáng)調(diào)能產(chǎn)生某種預(yù)期的效果。如:
effectivemedicine,effectivemethod等。
efficient“效率高的”,“有能力的”,用以指人或物,著重有效地利用時(shí)間、精力并取得預(yù)期效果。如:
theGermantelephonesystemishighlyefficient.(德國的電話系統(tǒng)效率很高。)
58、economic,economical
economic經(jīng)濟(jì)(學(xué))的。如:theeconomicdoctrinesofRicardo(李嘉圖的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)說)
economical節(jié)約的,節(jié)儉的。如:Heiseconomicalofmoneyandtime.
59、electric,electrical,electronic 三詞都與電有關(guān)
electric著重于發(fā)電的,電動(dòng)的或?qū)щ姷?。如:electricgenerator(發(fā)電機(jī));electriclight(電燈)
electrical多指本身不產(chǎn)生電,但是與電有關(guān)的。如:electricalengineering(電機(jī)工程);anelectricaltranscription(廣播唱片)
electronic電子的,電子操作的。如:electronicengineering(電子工程學(xué))
60、emergence,emergency
emergence是emerge的名詞形式。Emergency意為“緊急情況”,“突然事件”。[外語
61、everyday, every day
everyday每日的,日常的(作定語)。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday day每天(作狀語)。如:She gets up early every 、endure, bear, stand,tolerate, withstand 都表忍受,忍耐。
Bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、煩惱或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是難以忍受的。)
endure忍耐,書面語,指長時(shí)間經(jīng)受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships.忍受苦難需要耐力。)
stand忍受,與bear同義,但較口語化。如:She can’t stand having nothing to do.(沒事干,她受不了。)
tolerate容忍,容許,指自我克制的態(tài)度,對(duì)于令人反感的事沒有任何抗議。如:I can’t tolerate him if he goes on like that.(他如果繼續(xù)這樣下去的話,我決不會(huì)容忍他。)
Withstand經(jīng)受,承受,指頂住外來的壓力和攻勢。如:They have withstood all test.(他們經(jīng)受了一切考驗(yàn)。)
63、error, mistake, fault,shortcoming
均表“缺點(diǎn)”,“錯(cuò)誤”。
error是通用詞,指任何錯(cuò)誤,“犯錯(cuò)誤”可以說commit /make an error。
Mistake指判斷或理解方面,或指因考慮不周而造成的錯(cuò)誤,搭配是make a mistake。
fault表示“過失”,可與error通用,現(xiàn)多用來指缺點(diǎn),特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(這臺(tái)機(jī)器有一處毛病。)構(gòu)成短語 find fault with挑剔,找毛病。
shortcoming 缺點(diǎn),可指人或事物的本質(zhì)上不足之處(常用復(fù)數(shù))。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(盡管他缺點(diǎn)多,我仍然喜歡他。)
64、especially, particularly,specially
均可表“特別地”。
especially一般表示某事物在意義、程度、重要性性超過其他事物。如:I love Italy, especially in summer.(我喜歡意大利,尤其在夏天。)
particularly往往著重說明與同類事物不同的個(gè)別事物。如:The visitors admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(來訪者贊賞他所有的繪畫,特別是他女兒的畫像。)
specially 多表示“專門地”,“為特別目的的地”,如表“不尋?!?,“過分”等,可與especially通用。如:I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地為你做了巧克力蛋糕。)
65、fast, quickly
fast側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快的特點(diǎn),quickly側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly
66、fit/suit 兩者都是及物動(dòng)詞,表示“適合”。他們的區(qū)別在于,前者指的是尺寸大小的適合;而后者表示的是樣式、風(fēng)格、程度的適合。例如:
this straw hat does not fit me;it’s too blue coat suits her fair 、formally, formerly formally正式地。如:We were required to dress formally for the 從前。如:Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a 、gaze, stare, glance, glimpse
都與“看”有關(guān)。
Gaze“凝視”,強(qiáng)調(diào)由于驚奇、興趣,目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地注視。
stare強(qiáng)調(diào)由于好奇、害怕或無意地睜大眼睛盯著看看。
Glare“怒視”,是兇狠地含有威脅地盯著看。
Glimpse“一瞥”,是短暫而急促地看,含有意地匆匆地看一眼,現(xiàn)多用作名詞。
[注意]一般表示“看”的單詞大多同at搭配構(gòu)成短,但glimpse卻有catch(have)a glimpse of這一搭配。
69、hanged, hung hang, hanged, hanged吊死。如:He hanged himself when he , hung, hung懸掛。如:His pictures were hung in the 、hard, hardly hard努力地。如:Take it ’ve been working too 幾乎不,簡直不。如:The children can hardly wait to hear the 、home, house
Home家。如:East or west, home is 房子,住宅。如:Our new house is quite near the 、equal, equivalent,identical, same
皆含相同,相等之意。
equal相同的,相等的,特指“數(shù)量,價(jià)值等”相同。如:Their ages are 相等的,特指“價(jià)值,效力,意義”等相同的。如:This sentence is equivalent to 相同的,相等的,側(cè)重于某一細(xì)節(jié)上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both 相同的,相等的,側(cè)重于某一細(xì)節(jié)上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasion.(她在兩種場合穿同樣的衣服。)
same相同的,表示在質(zhì)量、類型、外表
或意義上相同,而實(shí)際上有差異。如:He is of about the same age as 、for a moment, for the
Moment
for a moment片刻,一會(huì)兒,for the moment暫時(shí),一時(shí)Thinking for a moment, he 、imaginable, imaginary,imaginative
都是與想象有關(guān)的形容詞。
Imaginable可以想象得到的。如:This is the only solution imaginable.(這是惟一想得出的解決辦法。)
Imaginary假想的,虛構(gòu)的。如:an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虛構(gòu)人物)
Imaginative富于想象力力的。如:an imaginative artist(想像力豐定的藝術(shù)家)
75、in the way; in a way; in no
Way; on the way
In the way意為“擋道;妨礙(某人)”。如:
tell the boy not to stand in the way.叫那個(gè)男孩別擋道礙事。
In a way意為“用某種方法(做某事)”。名詞way前面常有形容詞或this/that修飾。如:
He worked out the problem in a simple way.他用簡單的方法算出了這道題。In this way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends.
就這樣一連過了好幾天,藝術(shù)家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。
注意:如果in a way單獨(dú)使用,way前不加任何修飾語,意為“在某種程度上;在某些方面(某一點(diǎn)上)”。如:The article is well written in a way.從某種程度上來說,這篇文章寫得不錯(cuò)。in no way意為“決不;一點(diǎn)也不”,常用來加強(qiáng)語氣。如:
they are in no way similar to each other.他們毫無相似之處。
on the way意為“在途中”,其后常接to,表示“在去某地或做某事的路上”。如:
He lost his ticket on the way to the cinema.他在去電影院的路上把票弄丟了。
76、indifferent, different
Indifferent冷漠的,不關(guān)心的,同to搭配。如:He was indifferent to his personal appearance.(他從前不注意自己的外表。)
Different跟……不一樣,同from搭配。如:This book is different from that one.(這本書跟那本不一樣。)
77、industrial, industrious
Industrial工業(yè)的,產(chǎn)業(yè)的。如:Italy is becoming an industrial nation.(意大利逐步成為工業(yè)國。)
Industrious勤勞的,勤奮的。如:He is an industrious student.(他是個(gè)用功的學(xué)生。)
78、influence, effect
都有“影響”之意。
Influence可作動(dòng)詞、名詞,指對(duì)某人的思想行為、性格等產(chǎn)生影響。如:She was influenced by her middle school teachers.(她受中學(xué)時(shí)的老師影響。)
effect用作動(dòng)詞意為“造成”,“產(chǎn)生”,用作名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)由于影響而產(chǎn)生特殊效果。如:The effects of the medicine are very good.(藥效很好。)
79、last, latest, final, ultimate last最后的,與first相對(duì),還可指“上一次的”。如:My seat is in the last 最近的,指時(shí)間上。如:the latest news(最新消息)
final最后的,指在一系列的事物中是最后的,而且是結(jié)論性的,決定性的。如:The judgment has become final.(這已是最后的判斷。)
ultimate最終的,最后的,用于正式場合,含有最高的和最有權(quán)威的結(jié)果。如:He never considered the ultimate result of his action.(他從未考慮其行為的后果。)
80、late;lately;later;latest late可作形容詞或副詞,意為“遲(的);晚(的)”。如:He often comes late for school.他上學(xué)常遲到。They were late for the film.他們看電影遲到了。
lately是副詞,意為“最近;近來”相當(dāng)于recently,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。如:I haven’t heard from him lately.我最近沒收到他的來信。
later為late的比較級(jí),意為“較遲的(地)”。另外,還可用作副詞,意為“后來”。如:He goes home later than anybody.他回家比誰都晚。See you later.回頭見。
latest為late的最高級(jí),意為“最遲的(地)”;也相當(dāng)于newest,意為“最新的”。如:I go to bed latest in the family.我是家里睡覺最遲的。Here is the latest news from a broad.下面是來自國外的最新消息。
81、lie, lay lie(vi.躺,說謊)和lay(放置)兩者無論在意義上還是在詞性上都有很大的差別。值得注意的是他們常常由于過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞形式的異同而引起誤用。試比較:
原形 過去式 過去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞
lie(躺)lay lain lying
lie(說
謊)lied lied lying lay(放
置)laid laid laying
例如:
lay down to take a laid his hand on my 、literal, literary, literate
literal文字上的,字面的。如:a literal interpretation of a passage(對(duì)一段文章的字面解釋)
literary文學(xué)的。如:literary works(文學(xué)作品)
literary有文化的(反義詞是illiterate),如:people applying for the job should be computer literate.(申請(qǐng)這份工作的人應(yīng)會(huì)使用電腦。)
83、much, very
都可表示“很”。
Much用來修飾動(dòng)詞意義很強(qiáng)的過去分詞;very一般修飾形容詞或已失去動(dòng)作意義的過去分詞。
一些只作表語的形容詞,一般多用much修飾。
very much是much的加強(qiáng)語,因此,能用much的地方,都能用very much。
修飾形容詞原級(jí)用very,修飾比較級(jí)用much。
Much可修飾名詞,very不能。
84、occur/happen/take
place/break out
均表示“發(fā)生”。
以上各詞均是不及物動(dòng)詞,因此不可接賓語。但可以用作: to sb.或者 to sb。但兩者的意思有所不同,sth occur to sb.或者it occurs to sb that…的意思是“某人想到了…例如:
the possibility that she might be wrong never occurred to ’t it occur to you that your husband might be late?
Happen to的意思是“某人遇到/被卷入…”例如:
a traffic accident happened to Tom
last strange thing happened to me on my way home yesterday.注意:英語中表示出現(xiàn)的詞,如:appear, emerge, turn up, show up等也都是不及物動(dòng)詞,而在漢語中,表示上述兩種意思的詞有時(shí)候可以跟賓語,而英語中是不可以的。例如:
我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大變化。
譯文:Many changes have taken place in my the way, in the way
on the way在前往…的路上,in the way擋路The chair is in the 、one another;each other
兩者均表示“互相;彼此”,為代詞,僅作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語,不作其它成分。兩者雖可換用,但each other多用于兩者之間的關(guān)系,one another多用于三者或三者以上之間的情況。例如:We both see each other at the office every day.我們倆每天在辦公室碰面。The six blind men couldn’t agree with one another.這六個(gè)瞎子各執(zhí)己見。They hate each other/one another.他們互相憎恨。
86、out of question, out of the
question
out of question毫無疑問的,out of the question不可能的
87、persist, insist
persist堅(jiān)持,后面常接介詞in。如:He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue.(他雖然疲倦極了,可仍堅(jiān)持工作。)
Insist堅(jiān)持,后面接介詞on,也可直接連用that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句。如:He insisted on my going there with him.(He insisted that I should go there with him.)
88、persuade do sth.;
advise do sth.; try to persuade sb.to do sth.
persuade sb.to do sth.意為“說服某人干某事”,其結(jié)果是成功的(即成功地說服某人干某事)。如: Tom persuaded his father to give up smoking at last.湯姆終于說服他父親戒煙了。
advise sb.to do sth.意為“勸說某人干某事”,其結(jié)果可能是勞而無功(即“說”而未“服”)。如:
she advised her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldn’t listen.她勸她的父母戒煙,但他們不愿聽。
try to persuade sb.to do sth.意為“盡力說服某人干某事”,相當(dāng)于advise sb.to do sth。如:
I tried to persuade him to continue his study, but I failed.我盡力勸他繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí),但沒有成功。
89、prefer…to…;prefer to… rather than…
兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語均可作“喜歡……而不喜歡……”或“寧愿……而不愿……”解,其后均可接名詞。例如:I prefer volleyball to basketball(=I prefer to volleyball rather than basketball).我喜歡排球而不喜歡籃球。
主要區(qū)別在于:prefer…to…之后接動(dòng)詞時(shí),均用-ing形式。例如:He prefers walking to cycling.他寧愿步行而不愿騎自行車。
而prefer to…rather than…之后接動(dòng)詞時(shí),均要用動(dòng)詞原形。例如:Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than surrender before the enemy.劉胡蘭在敵人面前寧死不屈。Xiao Wu prefers to work rather than sit idle.小吳喜歡工作而不喜歡閑坐。
90、preserve, conserve, reserve preserve堅(jiān)持,后面常接介詞in。如:The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to preserve food for the whole voyage.(船上設(shè)有特殊冷藏設(shè)備,在整個(gè)航程中保存食物。)
conserve保存,儲(chǔ)藏,強(qiáng)調(diào)采取措施精心保護(hù)某物,防止不必要的浪費(fèi),損失或變化。如:He is conserving his energy for the last twenty-meter dash.(他正在為最后20米沖刺保存實(shí)力。)
reserve留存(在資金,人力,原料等),保留(權(quán)力等)。如:Reserve enough money for your home fare.(留足你回家的路費(fèi)。)
91、probable, possible, likely
probable很可能的,大概的,語氣較possible強(qiáng)。如:It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think.(花費(fèi)很可能比我們料想的要多。)
possible強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上可能性,但常帶有“實(shí)際可能性很小”的暗示。如:It’s possible, though not probable, that he will accept these terms.(他有可能接受這些條件,但希望很小。)
likely暗示從表面跡象來判斷“有可能的”。如:It is likely that he will come.(他多半會(huì)來。)
92、realize/recognize/identify
realize的意思是“認(rèn)識(shí)到,實(shí)現(xiàn)”。recognize的意思是“認(rèn)出”。identify的意思是“辨認(rèn)”。例如:
Does he realize his error yet?
We must work hard to realize the recognized his long lost brother at a recognized his voice through telephone though we have not seen for many you identify your own baggage among the hundreds of others?
93、respectable, respected,respectful, respective 都是形容詞。
respectable可尊敬的,值得尊重的。如:His parents were poor but respectable.(他父母雖窮卻令人尊敬。)
respected表示受人尊敬的,可用于對(duì)年長的人,權(quán)威性的意見等。
respectful指“充滿敬意的”,是主動(dòng)性的尊重他人。如:The students were very respectful towards the great man.(這些學(xué)生對(duì)這位偉人十分敬仰。)
respective表“各自分別的”,修飾名詞時(shí),名詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如:They went back to their respective houses.(他們回了各自的家。)
94、say, speak, talk, tell
say著重所說的話,可用作及物動(dòng)詞,帶賓語從句。
speak著重開口發(fā)聲,不著重所說的內(nèi)容,一般作不及物動(dòng)詞,用作及物動(dòng)詞,賓語只能是某種語言等少數(shù)幾個(gè)名詞,不能接that從句。
talk表示通過談話方式交換意見、思想、消息等,一般只作不及物動(dòng)詞。
tell表示告訴,有時(shí)兼含“囑咐”,“命令”等。Tell the truth說真話,tell a lie說謊,tell a story講故事等為固定搭配。Tell是及物動(dòng)詞,但其后不跟that從句。
95、senseless, sensible, sensitive
senseless愚蠢的(常作定語);無知覺的(常作表語)。
sensible懂事的,明智的。如:He is a sensible child.(他是個(gè)懂事的孩子。)
sensitive有感覺的,敏感的。如:Eyes are very sensitive to light.(眼睛對(duì)光敏感。)
96、so,such
(1)so修飾形容詞或副詞;such修飾名詞,例如,My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
He is such a boy.他是一個(gè)這樣的孩子。
(2)so修飾的形容詞后可以有一個(gè)單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞,其結(jié)構(gòu)是“so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”.such可以修飾可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞,名詞前可以有形容詞作定語,其結(jié)構(gòu)是“such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”,“such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”,例如,He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一個(gè)如此聰明的孩子。It is such cold weather.這么冷的天氣。(正)
It is so cold weather.(誤)
they are such good students.他們是那么好的學(xué)生。(正)
they are so good students.(誤)(3)如果可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前有many,few或不可數(shù)名詞前有much,little修飾,用so不用such.例如,so many(如此多的);so few(如此少的)可以加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
so much(如此多的);so little(如此少的)可以加不可數(shù)名詞
97、sometime,sometimes,some time, some times sometime:某一時(shí)間,某一時(shí)刻,可指將來時(shí),也可指過去時(shí)
sometimes:有時(shí),不時(shí)的some time:一段時(shí)間
some times:幾次,幾倍
例如,We’ll have a test sometime next month.下個(gè)月的某一時(shí)間,我們要進(jìn)行一次測試。
sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有時(shí)我們很忙,有時(shí)不忙。
He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段時(shí)間。
I have been to Beijing some times.我去過北京好幾次。
98、sometimes, some time, sometime, some times 詞形相近,但意義和用法不同。
sometimes有時(shí)。如:I sometimes play tennis.(我有時(shí)打網(wǎng)球。)
some times有幾次。如:I have been to the Great Wall for some times.(我去長城有好幾次了。)
sometime某個(gè)時(shí)候,指過去或?qū)淼牟淮_定時(shí)間。如:I will buy a car sometime in the future.(將來我會(huì)買車的。)
some time一段時(shí)間。如:I have been a teacher for some time.(我當(dāng)老師已有些年頭了。)
99、submit, surrender, yield 都有“讓步,屈服”之意。
submit表示“甘心忍受”,作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),賓語為反身代詞,但一般為不及物動(dòng)詞,后接介詞to。
surrender“投降”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“被迫投降,壓力很大”,是不及物動(dòng)詞,后接介詞to;用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),表因戰(zhàn)敗或被迫“交出”,“放棄”某些事物。
Yield“投降”,與surrender大致同義,但是指“溫和的讓步”。
100、free, vacant, empty free空的,指清除了或缺少了某物,與of或from連用。如:She is free from anxiety.(她無憂無慮。)She is free of him.(她擺脫了他。)
empty空的,指里面什么東西都沒有。如:The case is empty.(這是個(gè)空箱子。)
vacant空閑的,指地方?jīng)]有被占用。如:One day, man can make full use of vacant space.(將來,人們會(huì)充分利用浩瀚的天空。)
empty,vacant和相同的名詞連用時(shí),含義不同。如an empty house指房子里既無家具也無人,空蕩蕩的。而a vacant house指房子沒有被人占用,里面可有家具,也可無家具。[外語@教育網(wǎng)……www..com]
101、pay, salary, wage
pay薪金,泛指對(duì)付出勞動(dòng)給予的報(bào)酬,不分發(fā)放對(duì)象,只用單數(shù),尤指軍隊(duì)的軍餉。如:They are asking for equal pay for equal work.他們要求同工同酬。
salary工資,指按月或年支付給腦力勞動(dòng)者的工資。如:The family lives on his salary.(全家人靠他的工資生活。)
Wage工資,指定期支付給體力勞動(dòng)者或臨時(shí)工的工資,常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:He works at wages of ten dollars a week.(他每周工資10美元。)
102、sit/seat/set
sit是不及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“坐”,又是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,變化形式為:sit, sat, 是及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“使…坐”。例如:
the baby sits at the baby is seated at the 、warn , warn
Warn 提醒某人注意某事,warn 提醒某人不要做某事warm him against swimming in that part of the river
104、weather, climate
Weather一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況,climate長期的氣候狀況The climate here is not good for 、work, job
二者均指工作。work不可數(shù),job可數(shù)a good job
106、wear, put on, dress
Wear和dress表狀態(tài),wear接衣服等,可用進(jìn)行時(shí),dress接人,be dressed in, put on表動(dòng)作It's cold on your warm 、worth, worthless,worthwhile, worthy
Worth值……錢,值得……的。如:This house is worth a lot of money.(這房值很多錢。)The radio program is worth listening to.(這廣播節(jié)目值得聽。)
Worthless無價(jià)值的,無用的(可作定語和表語,無比較級(jí))。如:These stamps are worthless.(這些郵票無價(jià)值。)Don’t read worthless books.(不要讀些沒用的書。)
Worthwhile值得的(可作定語和表語)。如:That is a worthwhile program.(那是一個(gè)值得聽的節(jié)目。)So few movies are worthwhile nowadays.(當(dāng)今有價(jià)值的電影很少。)
Worthy(1)有價(jià)值的,可尊敬的(常作定語)。如:The teacher was a worthy man.(那位老師是可尊敬的人。)(2)值得的(常作表語)。如:The man is worthy of praise.(這人值得稱贊。)它的動(dòng)詞句式是be worthy to be done(be worth doing).108、zone, district, area, region,belt
zone地帶,地區(qū),區(qū)域,指某一特定的地方或區(qū)域。如:Most of China is in the temperate zone.(中國的大部分地區(qū)在溫帶。)
District區(qū),行政區(qū),指一國家或城市按行政區(qū)的劃分。如:the economic development district(經(jīng)濟(jì)開放區(qū))
area面積,范圍,一般用語,沒有明確的外圍界限,也可指占地面積。如:The factory covers an area of 500 mu.(這工廠占地50畝。)
region地區(qū),指較大范圍內(nèi)的區(qū)域,一般按自然條件和自身特點(diǎn)劃分。如:an autonomous region(自治區(qū))
Belt地帶,通常指狹長的地帶。如:The northern part of the country is usually regarded as the wheat belt.(這國家的北部通常被看作小麥種植地帶。)
軍訓(xùn)英語詞組2
高中英語動(dòng)詞詞組整理
* break
Break away from擺脫, 從…脫離
Break inadv.闖入打斷
Break intoprep.闖入突然…起來 = burst into
Break off中斷;折斷
Break out爆發(fā)(無被動(dòng))
Break through突破(日月)從(云層后)出現(xiàn)
Break upvt./vi.把…拆開/解散;驅(qū)散(使)關(guān)系破裂終止;絕交
Break down崩潰;壞掉;失敗
* bring
Bring about 引起;導(dǎo)致 = result in;lead to;cause
Bring back 帶回來退貨使…想起 = call up;remind
Bring down把…帶下使…降低擊落;打倒
Bring forward 提出;提議
Bring in引進(jìn);引來
Bring out 出版說明;闡明使…顯露/出現(xiàn)/鮮明
Bring up 教育;撫養(yǎng)
* come
come about 發(fā)生;產(chǎn)生
come across越過;穿過偶遇;偶然發(fā)現(xiàn) = run into = bump into
come along出現(xiàn);來吧
come at向…撲來 = make at
come down 下來流傳 = be passed down歸納為
come off 脫落;掉下成功;奏效
come on過來
come out 出現(xiàn);顯露公開;問世;出版結(jié)果是
come over 過來;順便來訪
come to蘇醒 = come to life = come to oneself總數(shù)是當(dāng)談到when it comes to… come up走近;靠近出現(xiàn)(從土里)長出;發(fā)芽
come up with提出;相出
* call
call at拜訪某地
call back回電話
call for接某人 = pick = collect sb.需要;要求 = demand = require = need call in召來;請(qǐng)來 = send for
call off 取消 = cancel
call on 拜訪某人要求/號(hào)召 call on do = urge do = appeal to sb to do call up 打電話召集使人想起 = bring back
call forth 引起
* cut
cut down砍倒削減殺價(jià)
cut off切斷(水/電/煤氣/電視/電話等);與外界隔絕
cut in插話 cut in with
cut out 裁剪;剪下省略
* clear
clear away 清除;收拾
clear up(天氣)放晴解釋;澄清使…變清 * carry
carry on 繼續(xù)做
carry out 實(shí)施;貫徹;完成carry through幫某人度過難關(guān)成功做成貫徹到底 carry away 被吸引/入迷
* drop
Drop in順便拜訪
Drop off 下降;減少
Drop out 掉出;落出退出;退學(xué)
* die
Die down = die away漸漸平息;減弱
Die off(家族,草木)先后死去
Die out(家族,種族)死光;滅絕(習(xí)俗,做法)消失,過時(shí) * fall
fall behind 落后;掉隊(duì) = lag behind
fall off 跌倒
fall on 來臨;降臨落在fall into 被分成….fall out with sb.不和;爭吵
* get
Get around(消息,疾病)傳開
Get along相處進(jìn)展 = get on
Get in 進(jìn)入;插入收割
Get off 下車;下班
Get over 從…中恢復(fù) = recover from
Get through 瀏覽做完通過電話接通 * give
Give away免費(fèi)贈(zèng)送泄露秘密
Give over移交VStake over
Give out被用完;被耗盡散發(fā)出宣布;發(fā)出消息 give off散發(fā)出
Give in投降;屈服 give in to sb/sth上交;呈上 give up放棄讓座
Give rise to 導(dǎo)致;引起
* go
Go about/around閑逛傳播
Go after 追逐;追求 = be after = seek = pursue
Go down 下降
Go through 經(jīng)歷過用完
Go out 出去熄滅過時(shí)
Go over 檢查復(fù)習(xí)
Go with 配
Go round 足夠分配
Go in for愛好;從事
Go off 爆炸不再運(yùn)行
* hang
Hang about 閑逛;徘徊
Hang on電話不掛斷抓緊;抓牢
Hang on to 堅(jiān)持緊緊抓住
* hold
Hold back猶豫;退縮不前隱瞞阻止;抑制 hold on電話不掛握住不放
Hold out堅(jiān)持到底
Hold up 舉起支撐阻塞搶劫
* hand
Hand down 把…傳下去
Hand in 上交;提交
Hand on 依次傳遞
Hand out 分發(fā)
Hand over 移交;讓于
* keep
keep away 使…不靠近
keep off = keep away from 避開;離開
keep down壓迫降低
keep on 繼續(xù)
keep upvt./vi.保持(良好狀態(tài))
keep to 不離開遵守;信守
* let
let alone 讓他去更不用說 = not to mention
let down放下;降低讓…失望
let off放(槍/炮/焰火)
let out 發(fā)出聲音泄露秘密
let through放過;讓…通過
* leave
leave alone 讓他去
leave out 省略遺漏
* look
look for 尋找 = hunt for = seek(for)
look out 當(dāng)心
look down on/upon 輕視
look up 查閱抬頭看
look into調(diào)查
look on旁觀認(rèn)為
look over/through審閱;看一遍
look up and down上下打量
* make
Make out辨認(rèn)出理解
Make up 編造組成調(diào)制和解化妝 make up for 彌補(bǔ)
Make for 朝…走去 = head for
Make off(with sth)匆匆離開
Make one’s way朝…艱難走去成功 = make one’s mark * put
put aside放一邊;暫時(shí)擱置
put away 收拾好儲(chǔ)存
put down 鎮(zhèn)壓寫下
put forward 提出(建議)
put off 推遲
put up搭建 = erect = set up張貼 = post up
put out 使…熄滅;撲滅伸出生產(chǎn);出版;發(fā)布 put on上演
put up with 忍受
* pass
pass away 去世
pass by 經(jīng)過
pass on 傳遞;傳授 = pass along
pass out 分發(fā)昏過去
* pick
pick out 分辨挑出
pick up 拾起無意中得到/學(xué)到/聽到接人
* run
run after 追逐追求
run for 為…目的競選
run into 撞上偶遇
run out 被用光
run over 碾過
run short of(人)快用完
* see
see off 送別
see through 進(jìn)行到底看穿幫人度過難關(guān)
see to 負(fù)責(zé)/照顧某事
see in迎來
see out送走
* set
set about doing= set out to do著手做
set out 出發(fā)陳列列舉
set off出發(fā)
set down 放下記下作出規(guī)定留…過夜
set up 建立;創(chuàng)立;樹立
set aside 留出;撥出
set fire to sth.= set sth on fire放火
* stand
stand by 袖手旁觀支持
stand for代表
stand out 站出來顯眼;突出杰出
stand up 站起站得住腳;經(jīng)得起磨損/推敲 * take
take after象
take away拿走
take down記下
take in吸收理解欺騙改小 take off脫起飛
take on 呈現(xiàn)承擔(dān)雇傭
take over接手借用
take up 開始從事占據(jù)接納;吸收繼續(xù) take to喜歡;親近開始從事形成…習(xí)慣 著手處理
軍訓(xùn)英語詞組3
英語常用詞組
1.英語教材中共出現(xiàn)近500個(gè)詞組,其中有一部分為常用詞組,要求能熟練運(yùn)用。
2.在學(xué)習(xí)中,要注意詞組的積累,特別要注意介詞詞組和短語動(dòng)詞的積累。
3.對(duì)固定詞組的意義,切不可望文生義。例如,動(dòng)詞look愿意為“看”,但look after意為“照料”,look up(a word in a
Dictionary)意為“(在詞典中)查找(單詞)”。
4.要十分注意固定詞組中冠詞的使用。有時(shí)冠詞可引起詞義的變化,例如,go the school意為“上學(xué)”,而go to the
school意為“到學(xué)校里去”;take place意為“發(fā)生”,而take the
place意為“取代”。有些詞組中須用冠詞,而另一些則不用。例如,in the evening, at night。
一、動(dòng)詞詞組(包括短語動(dòng)詞)、介詞詞組和其他詞組
(一)由be構(gòu)成的詞組
1)be back/in/out 回來/在家/外出
2)be at home/work 在家/上班
3)be good at sth.善于,擅長于
4)be careful of sth.當(dāng)心,注意,仔細(xì)
5)be covered with sth.被??復(fù)蓋
6)be ready for sth.為??作好準(zhǔn)備
7)be surprised(at)sth.對(duì)??感到驚訝
8)be interested in sth.對(duì)??感到舉
9)be born 出生
10)be on 在進(jìn)行,在上演,(燈)亮著
11)be able to do sth.能夠做??
12)be afraid of sth.(to do ?)害怕??(不敢做??,恐怕??)
13)be angry with sb.生(某人)的氣
14)be pleased(with)sth.對(duì)??感到高興(滿意)
15)be famous for sth.以??而著名
16)be strict in sth.嚴(yán)格要求某事 be strict with sb.嚴(yán)格要求某人
17)be from 來自??,什么地方人
18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 餓了/渴了/累了
19)be worried 擔(dān)憂
20)be(well)worth doing(非常)值得做??
21)be covered with 被??所覆蓋??
22)be in(great)need of(很)需要
23)be in trouble 處于困境中
24)be glad to do sth.很高興做??
25)be late for sth.??遲到
26)be made of由??制成(物理變化)be made from由??制成(化學(xué)變化)
27)be satisfied with sth.對(duì)??感到滿意
28)be free 空閑的,有空
29)be(ill)in bed 臥病在床
30)be busy doing(with)忙于做??(忙于??)
(二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、look、put、set、send、take、turn、play等動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的詞組
1)come back 回來
2)come down 下來
3)come in 進(jìn)入,進(jìn)來
4)come on 快,走吧,跟我來
5)come out出來
6)come out of 從??出來
7)come up 上來
8)come from 來自??
9)do one's lessons/homework 做功課/回家作業(yè)
10)do more speaking/reading 多做口頭練習(xí)/朗讀
11)do one's best 盡力
12)do some shopping(cooking reading, cleaning)買東西(做飯菜,讀點(diǎn)書,大掃除)
13)do a good deed(good deeds)做一件好事(做好事)
14)do morning exercises 做早操
15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操
16)do well in 在??某方面干得好
17)get up 起身
18)get everything ready 把一切都準(zhǔn)備好
19)get ready for(=be ready for)為??作好準(zhǔn)備
20)get on(well)with 與??相處(融洽)
21)get back 返回
22)get rid of 除掉,去除
23)get in 進(jìn)入,收集
24)get on/off 上/下車
25)get to 到達(dá)
26)get there 到達(dá)那里
27)give call 給??打電話
28)give a talk 作報(bào)告
29)give a lecture(a piano concert)作講座(舉行鋼琴音樂會(huì))
30)give back 歸還,送回
31)give??some advice on 給??一些忠告
32)give lessons to 給??上課
33)give in 屈服
34)give up 放棄
35)give chance 給??一次機(jī)會(huì)
36)give a message to?? 給??一個(gè)口信
37)go ahead 先走,向前走,去吧,干吧
38)go to the cinema 看電影
39)go to bed 睡覺(make the bed 整理床鋪)
40)go to school /college)上學(xué)(上大學(xué))
41)go to(the)hospital 去醫(yī)院看病
42)go over 過一遍,復(fù)習(xí)/ go over to 朝??走去
43)go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去鉤魚/滑冰/游泳/買東西
44)go home(there)回家去(去那兒)
45)go round 順便去,繞道走
46)go up 上去
47)go out for a walk 外出散步
48)go on(doing)繼續(xù)(做??)
0)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下樓
51)(the lights)go out(燈)熄了
52)have a lesson(lessons)/a meeting 上課/開會(huì)
53)have a football match(basketball match)舉行一場足球(藍(lán)球)賽
54)have dictation 聽見
55)have a try 試一試
56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高興
57)have a lecture(a piano concert)聽講座(聽鋼琴音樂會(huì))
58)have a report(talk)on 聽一個(gè)關(guān)于??的報(bào)告
59)have a glass of water(a cup of tea)喝一杯水,(一杯茶)
60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早飯/午飯/晚飯
61)have a meal(three meals)吃一頓飯(三餐飯)
62)have a dinner 吃正餐
63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早飯吃面包和牛奶
64)have(have got)a headache 頭痛
65)have a fever 發(fā)燒
66)have a cough(a cold)咳嗽(感冒)
67)have a look(at)看一看??
68)have a rest(a break)休息一會(huì)兒(工間或課間休息)
69)have a talk 談話
70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步
70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步
71)have sports 進(jìn)行體育鍛煉
72)have a sports meet(meeting)開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)
73)have something done 讓人(請(qǐng)人)做??
74)have a test/an exam 測驗(yàn)/考試
75)have an idea 有了個(gè)主意
76)had better do sth.(not do sth.)最好做??(最好不要做??)
77)have a word with 與??談幾句話
78)help sth.在??方面幫助?? 幫助??做
79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 請(qǐng)隨便吃點(diǎn)雞/魚/肉
80)help each other 互相幫助
81)keep up with 跟上??,不落后于??
82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安靜
83)keep sth.使??一直做??
84)keep one's diary 記日記
85)make a noise(a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵鬧(十分嘈雜,響聲)
86)make a living 謀生
87)make sth.迫使某人做??
88)make faces(a face)做鬼臉
89)make friends(with)與??交朋友
90)make a mistake(mistakes)犯錯(cuò)誤
91)make room/space for 給??騰出地方
92)make a sentence(sentences)with 用??造句
93)make a fire 生火
94)be made from/of 由??制成95)be made in 在??地方制造
96)look out of(outside)往外看(看外面)
97)look up a word(in the dictionary)查字典
98)look up 往上看,仰望
99)look after 照管,照看,照顧
100)look for 尋找
101)look like 看上去像
102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起來氣色好/健康/疲勞/憂慮 103)look out 當(dāng)心,小心
104)look on ?as? 把??當(dāng)作??看待
105)look around 朝四周看
106)look at 看著??
107)put on 穿上(衣服),戴上(帽子),上演(戲劇)
108)put up 建造,搭起,掛起,舉起,張?zhí)?/p>
109)put into 使進(jìn)入,輸入
110)put one's heart into 全神貫注于
111)put?down? 把??放下
112)put?into? 把??譯成113)set up 豎起,建起
114)set off 出發(fā),動(dòng)身
115)set out 出發(fā)
116)set an example for 為??樹立榜樣
117)send for 派人去請(qǐng)(叫)
118)send out 放出,發(fā)出
119)end up 把??往上送,發(fā)射
120)take one's advice 聽從某人勸告
121)take out 拿出,取出
122)take down 拿下
123)take place 發(fā)生
124)take one's place 坐??的座位,代替某人職務(wù)
125)take the place of 代替??
126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息
127)take it easy 別緊張
128)take sb.隨身帶著
129)take a park/London for one's holidays 帶某人去公園/倫敦度假 130)take care of 關(guān)心,照顧,保管
131)take a look(a last look)at 看一看(最后看一眼)
132)take an exam 參加考試
133)take away 拿走
134)take back 收回,帶回
135)take hold of 抓住??
136)take off 脫下(衣,帽,鞋等)拿掉
137)take(an active)part in(積極)參加(活動(dòng))
138)take photos 拍照
139)take some medicine 服藥
140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽車,火車/船
141)turn on 開,旋開(電燈,收音機(jī)等)
142)turn off 關(guān)上(電燈,收音機(jī)等)
143)turn in 交出,上交
144)turn?into? 變成145)turn to 翻到,轉(zhuǎn)向
146)turn down(把音量)調(diào)低
147)turn?over 把??翻過來
148)play basketball 打籃球,football 踢足球,volleyball 打排球 149)play games 做游戲
150)play the piano(the violin)彈鋼琴(拉小提琴)
151)play with snow 玩雪
152)play a joke(on)對(duì)??開玩笑
(三)由其他動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的詞組
153)think over 仔細(xì)考慮
154)arrive at/in a place 到達(dá)某處
155)eat up 吃完,吃
156)do well in 在??干得好
157)enjoy doing doing sth.喜歡做某事 喜歡干某事 158)find out 發(fā)現(xiàn),查出(真相等)
159)finish off 吃完,喝完
160)stop doing sth.停止做某事
161)stop to do sth.停下來去做某事
162)hold a meting 舉行會(huì)議
163)hold up 舉起
164)hurry up 趕快,快點(diǎn)
165)enter for 報(bào)名參加
166)langht at 嘲笑
167)be used to習(xí)慣于
168)used to 過去常常
169)wake?up 喚醒
170)work out 算出
二、動(dòng)詞短語、介詞短語和其他詞組
1)ask for 向??要??,請(qǐng)求
2)ask for leave 請(qǐng)假
3)send for 派人去請(qǐng)(叫)
4)pay for 付??的款
5)wait for 等候
6)thank for 為??感謝
7)apologize to sth.為某事向某人道歉
8)look for 尋找
9)leave?for 離開??去??
10)fall off 跌落
11)catch cold 著涼,傷風(fēng)
12)catch up with 趕上
13)agree with sb.贊成,同意某人的意見
14)filled??with 把??裝滿
15)tell sth.告訴某人某事
16)talk about 談?wù)??
17)think about 考慮??
18)worry about 擔(dān)憂??
19)look after 照料
20)run after 追趕,跟在后面跑
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