下面是范文網小編分享的考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理25篇 考研英語作文詞性錯誤，以供參考。
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理1
5.歡迎您參觀我們交易會。 原譯文：Welcome you to visit our fair! 注：譯文中welcome是動詞，因此此句是祈使句形式，省略的主語為第二人稱你(你們)，而不是中文所含的我(我們)之意。應譯為：We welcome you to visit our trade fair! 更簡潔而地道的譯法是：Welcome to our trade fair!
6.我公司出口工業(yè)產品、化工產品、醫(yī)藥等。原譯文：Our company exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines and etc. 注：etc.等于and so on或and others，已含有and的成分，上述譯文無需加上and一詞。應譯為：Our company exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines, etc.
7.我們將委托貴公司作為我公司在毛里求斯的業(yè)務代理。原譯文：We hereby entrust3 your company to be our business agent in Mauritius. 注：entrust一詞在作委托解時用法為entrust somebody with something or entrust something to somebody。應譯為：We hereby appoint your company to be our business agent in Mauritius.
8.本合同簽訂之后，簽約雙方中任何一方不得將合同內容泄露給第三方。原譯文：Any of the two parties can not divulge4 the contents of the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract. 注：雙方中任何一方為either of the two parties，三方(或三方以上)中任何一方才用any of the parties，因本句為否定句，應譯為：Neither of the two parties can divulge the contents of the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.
9.在雙方簽約之后，各方將嚴格守本協(xié)議。原譯文：After this agreement is signed by the two parties, all parties shall strictly5 abide6 by it. 注：與上一條相類似，在協(xié)議當事方為三方(或三方以上)時，各方為all parties，而當事方為兩方時應用both parties。應譯為：After this agreement is signed by the two parties, both parties shall strictly abide by it.
擴展：商務交流有關時間管理的用法和變化
Here are some common usages and variations for the time-management terms:
I'd like to call a meeting for …
The meeting's postponed1 indefinitely.
We're having an impromptu2 meeting!
It's an all-hands meeting.
I need to meet with the CEO. Can you make an appointment for me?
The meeting's rescheduled for …
Please notify everyone the meeting is cancelled.
Has anybody seen my planner?
Let's go over the minutes of last Friday's meeting.
Harry3, have you called about repairing the photocopier4? Not yet, it's on my to-do list.
I need an action plan for next Wednesday's meeting.
Are you effective at multi-tasking? Do you work well under pressure?
This is a high-priority job. Let's get on it right away.
What's on the agenda for tomorrow's meeting?
中文對照：
以下是一些有關時間管理的通常用法和變化：
我想召集一個會議……
會議被無限期延遲了。
我們在開一個臨時會議!
這是一次全體會議。
我需要見CEO。你能幫我預約一下嗎?
會議改在……召開
請通知每一個人會議取消了。
有人看到我的電子秘書了嗎?
讓我們看一下上星期五的會議記錄。
Harry,你打電話叫人修復印機了嗎?還沒呢，不過已在我的執(zhí)行表中了。
我需要下周三會議的行動計劃。
在多項任務中你都能應付自如嗎?你在壓力下工作表現(xiàn)如何?
這是一項最優(yōu)先考慮的工作。我們現(xiàn)在就開始干吧。
明天的會議議程是什么?
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理2
考研英語閱讀 常見題型及做題步驟指導
常見題型一覽
這類題目通常1有兩種答題方法，一是直接從文章的結構看出來，比如每段的段首和段尾句；二是從內容隱含的結構看出來。做題時還經常考察到細節(jié)題。該題型占閱讀試題分值的60％，主要命題思路是利用各種轉換，以達到考查讀者掌握文章當中具體事實細節(jié)的能力。在做這類型的題目時，要格外注意題干的信息值，掌握正確選項的信息值，這樣才能把握住原文的信息值?？忌诖痤}時應抓住文章句子和試題之間的各種轉換。詞的轉換有3種方式：同義詞的轉換、近義詞的轉換、反義詞的`轉換。另外，還應注意原文與答題句式、結構的變化，以及句子與句子之間的關系。另外還有推理題和觀點態(tài)度題。推理的題目包括兩種，一種是超綱詞匯意義的判定，這需要你在上下文中判斷單詞的意思，不能認為自己知道的單詞意思就是答案。另一種是推理判斷題，這要求你答題時應根據(jù)所給材料的上下文，不能憑主觀判斷，也不能僅根據(jù)常識來判斷。觀點態(tài)度題一般來說，需要大家判斷作者對文章中的問題所持的態(tài)度，要注意作者所使用的感情色彩較強的詞。
做題要分步驟
你必須在理解了文章的意思之后，才能做題，這需要你閱讀全盤。翻譯題也屬于閱讀類，這類題考查考生正確理解原文并用漢語表達出來的能力，做題時，不要求“信、達、雅”。大家可以先閱讀全文，分析語法結構，然后按條塊翻譯，再按漢語順序寫出并加以潤色。針對現(xiàn)階段大家的閱讀能力，做閱讀題時盡量采用先讀試題再讀文章的方法。這樣考生可以充分利用自己的知識積累，不用看文章就可以答出部分試題，并且通過試題可以大致推測到文章的主題和內容。在知道文章的考查點之后，就能有的放矢地閱讀文章，同時這樣能夠最大限度地節(jié)省時間，有時不用讀完就能全部回答問題。通過先讀題的方法大家還會發(fā)現(xiàn)，試題的順序和文章的順序大體上一致，從而為查找問題的出處提供信息。
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理3
考研英語完型填空常見錯誤解析
完型填空不算是考研英語中最難的題型，相反，從真正意義上講是所有題型中最簡單的題型，但是考生往往會掉以輕心，跌進出題者設置的陷阱中，使得本來很簡單的題型失分。那么今天咱們就以的完型填空試題為例，講解陷阱的'設置，及如何不掉進陷阱。固定搭配陷阱
Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them alive and active.
[A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with
先看看41的這四個選項，第一直覺就選A。因為似乎記得有at rate這個短語。其實真正的固定搭配是at any rate，意思是“無論如何，不管怎樣?！边€有固定搭配是at this rate“照這樣下去?！钡窃谶@其實出題者考察的是with連接的一個定語從句，只有with可以表示“有”這層含義，所以，希望考生千萬要看清楚上下文意思。注意出題者真正考察的是什么。本題正確選項是with。
上下文復現(xiàn)陷阱
When the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
Successful safety programs may differ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by observing rules or regulations.
[A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement
如上，43題，剛拿到題時不知道要選哪個，在緊接的下一段看到了regulation，這是考生以為找到答案了，殊不知，考生根本沒看清楚，上下文的關系是否對應。很明顯，第二段是總分段，第二段里的regulation是這個總概念中舉例的一部分，與43題不能是對等位置，43題考察的是一個總的概念。所以不能以偏概全，而應該分析清楚43題真正的主語是什么。本題正確選項是 climate。
從句辨析陷阱
When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established 44 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
[A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless
很多考生，不知道這個空應該填什么，動詞后面是賓語從句，很輕易的判斷是how。因為how可以引導賓語從句，what引導名詞性從句必須單獨做成分，（后面有time，說明不是what），unless引導時間狀語從句，句中沒時間所以排除。其實，這個是一個特殊的定語從句，關系副詞where修飾先行詞climate，只不過因為定語從句比較長，所以為了避免頭重腳輕，將定語從句后置了。
近義詞辨析陷阱
This may mean the difference between operating at 50 or at a loss.
50. [A] an advantage
[B] a benefit
[C] an interest
[D] a profit
在選擇這個題的時候一定要近義詞辨析，出題者一般會利用近義詞，擾亂考生的思維，造成誤判。這需要考生在平時的學習中記清楚每個短語的確切搭配。advantage: 指因某方面占優(yōu)勢或利用某機會以及對方弱點而獲得利益與好處。benefit: 普通用詞，指通過正當手段從物質或精神方面得到的任何好處或利益。 interest : 作“利益”解時，多用復數(shù)形式，既可指集團、群體的利益，又可指個人的利益。profit: 著重收益，尤指從物質、錢財?shù)确矫娅@得的利益。 這個題中A,B首先排除，因為它們和loss沒有直接的互斥，所以選擇C或者D，其中C在閱讀中出現(xiàn)的頻率比較高，但是注意其的用法，要用復數(shù)來表示利益。所以選擇D.
總之，做完形填空，一定要秉承“精益求精”的精神，不然，很容易在無意間掉進陷阱，失去分數(shù)。
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理4
商貿英語文書翻譯中常見的錯誤
1.由港澳國際投資公司投資的海口電站工程因其建設速度和質量得到高度評價。原譯文：The Haikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd. was highly appraised1 for its construction speed and quality. 注：投資某項工程應為invest in a project，在被動語態(tài)中不能漏去前置詞in。應譯為：The Haikou Power Station Project invested in(在某些情況下可用financed or funded) by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd. was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality.
2.上海SFECO擁有5個控股子公司。原譯文：Shanghai SFECO Group has 5 share-holding companies. 注：share-holding company指控制或持有某公司股權的股東公司。上述譯文意思是5個公司持有Shanghai SFECO Group的股份，換句話說，這5個公司是“老子”公司，因此顯然不符合中文原意。應譯為：Shanghai SFECO Group is a holding company of 5 subsidiary companies. 或Shanghai SFECO Group holds shares of 5 subsidiary companies
3.中國民生銀行有限公司 原譯文：China Minsheng Banking2 Corporation, Ltd. 注：corporation本身即為有限公司，相當于limited company，英譯中無需再加“Ltd”。應譯為：China Minsheng Banking Corporation
4.項目中標之后，我們將立即開始前期準備工作。原譯文：After the bid is awarded, we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation. 注：項目中標應為accept a bid or award the contract。顯然上述譯文把兩種表達法相混淆了。應譯為：After the bid is accepted (or the contract is awarded), we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation.
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理5
什么情況下會發(fā)生部分倒裝呢？
第一、“only+狀語”置于句首。大家記住這種情況往往發(fā)生在only修飾狀語的時候才會發(fā)生倒裝，且以時間和方式狀語為主，但是修飾主語的話是不需要倒裝的。Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests. 另外一點需要注意的就是當only加各類狀語從句置于句首時，是主句中的主謂必須倒裝，而不是從句中的主謂倒裝，且這一點與not until相同。Only when he had failed three times did he turn to me for advice. 這一點同學們一定要牢牢掌握，這在寫作文當中運用的較多。
第二、句首中有否定詞或否定短語時，句子要部分倒裝。常見的否定詞有：never, scarcely, seldom, rarely, no sooner…than…，但這時候也存在特例，假如否定詞不是修飾整個句子，而只是限定句子主語，則不用倒裝。例如：Not only I but also he has been there.
第三、固定形式。如：“So+a./adv.” 及“to the extent/degree”放在句首，表示程度，句子須倒裝。舉例：To such a degree did he go on with tedious speech that some of us began to yawn.
第四、在含有were, should, had的虛擬語氣中，省去if后，須倒裝。
最后還有在as引導的讓步狀語從句也會出現(xiàn)倒裝的情況。
發(fā)生全部倒裝的情況又有以下幾種：
第一、介詞短語形成的地點狀語置于句首。這種情況遇到的較多，比如：On the ground lies a man whose leg is broken.
第二、Such位于句首。比如Such were his dreams as a boy.
第三、副詞如out, in, along here, there等位于句首時。
第四、虛擬條件句的省略倒裝：if引導的虛擬條件句中，如有were ( had , should ) , if則可省去，,把were，had，should提到主語前面，發(fā)生部分倒裝。
例：Were I an angel, I would fly over the world and help those in need.這種情況也就是本文開篇所述的倒裝形式。
第五、最后一種情況是在考研中出現(xiàn)較多，同學們也可以多多使用的形式，那就是表語置于句首的情況。舉例：Gone are the days when you had to get dressed up to make an impression.
最后給大家布置一道作業(yè)，請分析下面這個倒裝句的結構。
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.
1.考研英語中常見的各種結構短語
2.考研英語長難句高頻句型：倒裝句
3.2017考研英語長難句之倒裝句
4.考研英語：玩轉否定結構
5.2018考研英語：否定結構
6.考研英語試卷結構
7.考研英語閱讀常見的題型總結
8.關于考研英語寫作中常見的錯誤整理
9.考研英語復習常見的6大誤區(qū)
10.2016考研英語閱讀常見的12類題型
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理6
1. 審題不清，偏離主題。在考場上，許多考生處于時間的考慮，在在著手做寫作部分時并未審清題目，且無構思的概念。這樣的考生往往無從下筆或者毫無邏輯的開始著手寫作，結果不是文不對題就是時間已過半，只好草草收場。
2. 準備工作不充分，考場慌亂易出錯。許多考生都執(zhí)著于考研寫作的萬能句子和及黃金模版，但部分考生對這些萬能句子和模板復習時間及精力的投入不足，造成考場上各種慌亂中出現(xiàn)的錯誤。 且部分考生未能將已背會的萬能句子靈活運用，造成復習知識的提取失敗。
3. 漢語思維，中式英語。寫作考查學生英語綜合水平及能力，對學生綜合能力要求較高。有的考生的英語遣詞造句能力較差，在緊張的考場環(huán)境中，容易將漢語思維構思整篇寫作。往往造成詞不達意，思維表達混亂。
4. 固定搭配和用詞習慣不當。英語語言的一大特點就是其豐富的習慣用語和固定搭配。英語中有大量的動詞短語，介詞短語，形容詞短語，例如，部分考生經常會將 “spend much time in ...”(花費很多時間做某事)寫成 “take much time in ...”; 再如，“幫某人一個忙”、“給某人恩惠” 應是“ do sb. a favour ”，部分考生可能會寫成 “give sb a favour”。英語中的固定搭配及習慣用法有時看起來不符合邏輯，但卻是地道用法。
5. 詞匯量小，創(chuàng)造單詞。平時詞匯積累不夠，能夠運用在寫作中的詞匯量太少，好不容易知道如何運用但又無法正確拼寫出來，結果只能用漢語拼音替代。除了部分詞匯的拼寫錯誤外，考生有時還會想當然而為之的自己“創(chuàng)造”單詞。曾經就有考生將長城“The Great Wall”寫成“ChangCheng”。這樣在寫作上“肆意妄為”，必然會導致成績不太理想。
6. 句子成分邏輯混亂。由于受到母語結構的影響，考生易對句子成分的安排位置不當而造成邏輯混亂。例如，對句子主謂語及狀語之間的位置安排不妥而造成的邏輯混亂：Our English class often told stories. 應改為：We often told stories in our English class。
7. 缺少及承上啟下的句子和段落。文章的前后邏輯關系需要過渡詞及過渡段落的使用。文章的邏輯性關乎著整篇文章的結構嚴謹，過渡詞和過渡段落的使用可以使文章表達更合乎邏輯，文章緊湊。
There are at least three good reasons for this phenomenon. The spreading of foreign culture in our country in recent years may be the min reason. Many young people in our modern society have an open mind. Consequently, they are willing to accept new things. A lot of people have become richer and richer. They can pay for the expense to do that kind of things. There may be other reasons, but it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.
采用適當關聯(lián)詞，改進為：
There are at least three good reasons for this phenomenon. In the first place, the spreading of foreign culture in our country in recent years may be the min reason. Secondly, many young people in our modern society have an open mind. Consequently, they are willing to accept new things. Last but not least, a lot of people have become richer and richer. As result, they can pay for the expense to do that kind of things. There may be other reasons, but it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.
考研英語寫作常見錯誤解析：
1) 主謂一致是考生必須在寫作中要注意到的部分，例如：
誤：A number of boy students is football fans.
正：A number of boy students are football fans.
誤：The number of the students in this school have been increasing these years.
正：The number of the students in this school has been increasing these years.
誤：The construction of the two new railway lines have been completed by now.
正：The construction of the two new railway lines has been completed by now.
主謂一致中的就近一致，例如：
誤： There are a rubber and two pencils in the box.
正： There is a rubber and two pencils in the box.
誤： There is a wide variety of people on the earth.
正： There are a wide variety of people on the earth.
2)時態(tài)語態(tài)，在不同的寫作要求中，文章時態(tài)的使用必須要謹慎。
描述圖畫應該用進行時：
誤：As is shown in the picture, there are two handicapped individuals bind their disabled legs together and hold fast to each other’s shoulders, with their crutches left behind each other.
正：As is shown in the picture, there are two handicapped individuals binding their disabled legs together and holding fast to each other’s shoulders, with their crutches left behind each other.
描述圖表應該用過去時：
誤：As is illustrated by the chart, mobile-phone subscription number is increasing to 8 times from to .
正：As is illustrated by the chart, mobile-phone subscription number increased to 8 times from 2000 to 2008.
誤：This bar chart indicates different market shares of automobiles of three types of brand between 2008 and . In 2008, cars with Japanese brands top the three types of vehicles, accounting for 35% of the market. The years of 2009 has witnessed a huge change that Chinese brands hit 32% of the auto market, while cars with Japanese and American brands take 25% and 15% of the whole market respectively.
正：This bar chart indicates different market shares of automobiles of three types of brand between 2008 and 2009. In 2008, cars with Japanese brands topped the three types of vehicles, accounting for 35% of the market. The years of 2009 has witnessed a huge change that Chinese brands hit 32% of the auto market, while cars with Japanese and American brands took 25% and 15% of the whole market respectively.
在預測趨勢的文章中，需要用一般將來時：
誤：I believe then the relationship between people is harmonious and our society is a better place for us in the future.
正：I believe then the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us in the future.
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理7
道歉信
Dear …,
I must apologize to you for 主旨. It was very kind of you to give me such a good change. But now, much to my regret that I may not be able to continue to do it, because ….
If you should find our activities bothersome, please do not hesitate to let us know. It is due to my negligence, for which I can exceedingly sorry. The reason for my decision is that ….
Please accept my sincere apology for 主旨once more. I can very sorry for that and really regret that I would miss such an excellent chance of …. Besides, please give my regards to eberyone.
Sincerely yours,
Li ming
介紹信
Dear …,
Please allow me to take this opportunity to introduce 人, from university of 學校. I would be grateful for anything you could do for him to 干什么.
人is an extremely enthusiastic and enterprising person. He has various practical experience for more than three years. I am sure that his participation will do a lot of help to your team.
人 will be arriving here on … and he will soon go to visit you after arrival. You can introduce the overall development of 單位/組織 to him, and then explore the details of cooperation. My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond my words.
Yours sincerely,
Li ming
便簽(請假條)
Dear…,
I am afraid that I won’t be … tonight because … and I plan to …. I had wanted to tell you that in person but you are not back yet. So I have to leave this note for you.
Besides I have …. So I won’t be …. Would you do me a favor by …in my … to the teacher? Thanks.
Take care of yourself.
Yours sincerely,
Li ming
英1、 cartoon
Nowadays,主旨has become a hot topic of the general public in our society especially for those who are faced with this situation. As is vividly illustrated in the pictures, SCO. The caption reads ,圖下的標題翻譯. On the contrary, SVO, we are informed that SVO. (this is …)
The cartoon descrikes a very common phenomenon in our society that SVO. The set of drawings above vividly depicts …
Having scrutinized the details of the pictures, we can discuss the implications. Subtly conveyed from it. This simple picture is wake-up call for the whole of then
發(fā)表評論：
Taking into account the factors above, we can safely draw a conclusion that SVO. On one hand, SVO. On the other hand, SVO. I believe then the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.
舉例：
After careful thinking and reflection, we come to understand the enlightening picture step by step. It can be given a concrete example, SVO. Another good case in point is that SVO. In my belief, 主旨 is extremely significant to all of us in our society.
措施：
Then, how should we solve this problem? There may be of some measures which can be taken immediately. For one thing, we should appeal to the government to make relevant laws and regulations to 限主旨想相關. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that 主題 is vital to us. Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a brighter future.
英2
It is generally believed that 詞 is a hot topic which is most talked about. As we can see from the table,第一圖主旨 increased decreased sharply from 數(shù)字in 時間 to 數(shù)字 in 時間(第二圖)steeply(slowly/slightly) while
This is something we should give more thought to.
趨勢：(正負面皆可)
Undoubtedly, the tendency reflected from the table / chart will undergo a continuous increase /decrease in the near future. The time is right for us to take full advantage for ample existing opportunities. We do, in fact, have a long way to go to reach our final goal, but achievring some remains well within the realm of possibility.
健康問題(good health)
In order to possess a healthy body, not only need we keep a nutritious diet and adequate sleep, it is crucial for individuals to form the habit of exercising regularly.(如何做)
On the individual level, his exercise improve his health and mood as well. On the social level, the improvement in quality of life contributes vastly to a harmonious society. (意義)
產品對消費者的傷害 對國家
On the micro level, consumers are vastly hurt by these products, which might even be life-threatening. On the macro level, if low-quality products continue to spread, they will damage the normal function of healthy market economy.
虛假宣傳
Their emergence dues to the negative effect of a growing market economy. False advertisement seems to be most convenient to attract clients and increase profit.
Private cars (私家車)
The majority of people indulge in the convenience brought by cars while forgetting their harmful impact on the atmosphere.
To improve and beautify the environment / human exploitation of natural resources has caused destruction that is for beyond our imagination.
教育
In my opinions, there needs to be a comprehensive renovation in the educational system in which new educational concepts are introduced. Only by new teaching methods can we cultivate children into talents and elites who will meet the requirements of our society.
正直誠實：
好處:1、enable honest person to succeed in work and life. 獲得成功
2、to work honestly to attain one’s life goal. 實現(xiàn)人生目標
3、to enhance reputation of a country.
堅持：(成功)
1、 no accomplishment can be achieved in a short time, and success needs efferts.
2、 Success is founded on the basis of patient pursuit +定語從句
Olympic game
好處：
1、 it can be a tremendous momentum pushing the country’s development
2、 when equipped with willingness, spurring people to overcome any difficulty and conquer any challenge.
獻愛心(災區(qū)、世博)
好處、意義：
1、 contributing money and other necessities to people in need is a goal way to express human love. It reflects the sense of social responsibility.
2、 It also express a feeling from deep with one’s heart.
3、 A harmonious society is based on a sound relationship,
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理8
狀語的語法錯誤主要有以下幾種：
A.誤用原形動詞，必須改為不定式動名詞、動名詞、過去分詞
我來尋找合作機會。
×I came look for cooperation chances.
√I came tolook for cooperation chances.
已經派一個工作組去美國搜集信息。
×A working group is sent to America collect information.
√A working group is sent to America to collect information.
B.詞類用錯
我非常喜歡中國。(very不能修飾動詞)
×I very like China.
√I like China very much.
那個驕傲的女孩對人很冷淡。
(形容詞不能修飾動詞，必須改為副詞)
×The proud girl teats others very cold.
√The proud girl teats others coldly.
C.狀語位置放錯
狗每晚叫三次。
×The dog every night barks three times.
√The dog barks three times every night.
√Every night the dog barks three times.
兩人向大樓跑去。
×The two men towards the building ran.
√The two men ran towards the building.
E.狀語從句中的時態(tài)用錯
當她將來回來時把我的袋子遞給她。
×Pass my bag to her when she will come home.
√Pass my bag to her when she comes home.
在他半來問你之前，最好保持沉默。
×You’d better keep silent before he will ask you anything.
√You’d better keep silent before he asks you anything.
作者|丹丹英語
公眾號：英語語法學習
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理9
3)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞，名詞的單復數(shù)，例如：
誤：Large quantities of food have been stored for the winter.
正：Large quantities of food has been stored for the winter.
誤：Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others areessential to their development. (is)
正：Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others isessential to their development.
4)介詞搭配，例如：
誤：Mrs. Smith’s wallet was stolen of on her way home.
正：Mrs. Smith’s wallet was stolen from her on her way home.
Mrs. Smith’s wallet was robbed of her on her way home.
誤：For my part, I agree to the latter opinion for the following reasons.
正：For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons.
誤：We agreed to leaving there the next day.
正：We agreed on leaving there the next day.
5) 單詞大小寫及拼寫錯誤，在寫作中，題目的大小寫(除冠詞、連詞和介詞外， 其他詞原則上都應該第一個字母大寫);例如：
誤：Human needs and wants
正：Human Needs and Wants
誤：He said, “he is going to Shanghai next week”.
正：He said, “He is going to Shanghai next week”.
6)專有名詞(人名，地名，書名)和縮寫字母要大寫;頭銜在專有名詞前要大寫，在專有名詞后則小寫;例如：
誤：Caption smith
正：Caption Smith/Smith, the captain
誤：I am writing to recommend you to read Wealth of Nations for the club reading sessions.
正：I am writing to recommend you to read Wealth of Nations for the club reading sessions.
7)分清及物動詞與不及物動詞，例如：
誤：He arrived Paris the day before yesterday.
正：He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
8)被動語態(tài)與主動語態(tài)，例如：
誤：The question is hard to be understood.
正：The question is hard to understand.
9 )詞類混淆，將動詞或形容詞誤作名詞用，將名詞或動詞誤作形容詞用等。例如：
誤：It's becoming difficulty to remember things for her.
正：It's becoming difficult to remember things for her.
誤：There was no difficult in persuading her.
正：There was no difficulty in persuading her.
10)冠詞，情態(tài)動詞，介詞，代詞等方面的應用，例如：
誤：Favorable attitude to the life can broaden our experience and enhance our vigor then to create a enthusiastic environment for our society.
正：Favorable attitude to the life can broaden our experience and enhance our vigor then to create an enthusiastic environment for our society.
誤：As a result, they can paid for the expense to do that kind of things.
正：As a result, they can pay for the expense to do that kind of things.
11) 標點符號，寫文章時，切忌從頭到尾只用逗號的現(xiàn)象，每完成一句話，需要正確的使用標點符號來標注出。同時也要注意正確使用逗號和分號。例如：
誤：Some people use the computer to help them to complete their work, such as the tank workers, while some people use the computer to play games, for example, some old person like to play game on computer.
正：Some people use the computer to help them to complete their work. Such as the tank workers. While some people use the computer to play games. For example, some old person like to play game on computer.
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理10
考研英語中的常見倒裝結構
長難句是考研英語文章中最常見的“攔路虎”， 所以我們總是要先把所謂的三大從句搞清楚，但是當我們把從句夠清楚后，發(fā)現(xiàn)還是有一些句子會讓我們丈二摸不到頭腦，現(xiàn)在老師就和大家談談考研英語長難句中的倒裝這一特殊結構。
其實英語中的“倒裝”一般指的是句子中主語和謂語在位置上的顛倒，正常情況下，謂語一定要放在主語的后面，比如：I like watching the romantic movies in my spare time. He is a famous teacher in this university. 這兩個句子里，謂語like跟在主語I后面，同樣，is跟在he后面。
但在一些特殊的語法規(guī)則下，主謂的位置會發(fā)生變化。比如下面這兩個句子：
In the mountain lives the old man.
Only in the mountain does the old man live.
顯然這兩個句子里都存在謂語動詞出現(xiàn)在主語old man前的結構，那么這就是所謂的倒裝。但是我們也會發(fā)現(xiàn)這里有不同，第一個句子倒的是lives；而第二個句子倒的是助動詞does，而真正的謂語live依然在主語the old man 的后面。所以第二個句子是倒裝嗎？那和第一個句子的倒裝種類一樣嗎？
其實，在英語中最常見的倒裝結構從大的'方向就兩種：全倒裝和半倒裝，在這里上面的第一個句子就是全倒裝，而第二個句子就是所謂的半倒裝；共同點都是倒謂語動詞，但是倒裝的部分有區(qū)別。全倒是把整個謂語動詞包括它對應的助動詞形式全部放在主語前：lives 的謂語動詞其實是live （動詞本身）+ does（對應的第三人稱形式）；而半倒裝只是把謂語動詞對應的助動詞倒到主語的前面，而謂語動詞本身位置不發(fā)生變化，正如上面的Only in the mountain does the old man live.
我們先要分清動詞本身與它對應的形式，如下列舉：（以動詞watch為例）
Watch―― do
Watched―― did
Watches―― does
Has/have watched―― has/have
Had watched―― had
Can watch ―― can
搞清了所謂的謂語動詞以及對應的助動詞形式，那么全倒裝和半倒裝的問題就解決了大半，剩下的問題就是什么時候全倒，什么時候半倒。下面我們把常見的全倒裝和半倒裝的規(guī)則進行一下整理：
1. 全倒裝：
―― 謂語動詞放置在主語之前
An old man lives in the city center.
= In the city center lives an old man.
A temple stands on the mountain.
= On the mountain stands a temple.
強調句中的地點，方向的副詞或狀語時需要全倒裝！
1） up， down， away， in， out， off ， under 等置于句首時；
In came a number of boys and girls talking and laughing.
一群孩子邊說邊笑走了進來。
2） Here，there，now， then， thus， hence 置于句首時而主語不是人稱代詞時；
There goes a bus.
一輛公車從那邊開過來。
2. 半倒裝：
（1）句首出現(xiàn)否定詞 never， nor， seldom， little， hardly， scarcely， rarely， few等
I never trust you.
= Never do I trust you.
He seldom believes the information from the Internet.
= Seldom does he believe the information from the Internet.
（2）否定詞組在句首
He no longer works for the money， but for the personal development.
= No longer does he work for the money， but for the personal development.
常見詞組：On no account， at no time， by no means， in no case， under no circumstance， in no way，on no account， on no consideration， no longer， not only等。
（3） only+狀語/狀語從句在句首
We can achieve the goal only in this way.
= Only in this way can we achieve the goal.
（a） Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.
（b） Only when the meeting was over was he able to meet his friend.
（4） so 或so引導的短語放在句首要部分倒裝
He saw the film. So did she.
- She is a student.
- So am I.
He ran so fast that we couldn‘t catch up with him.
= So fast did he run that we couldn‘t catch up with him.
She speaked so loudly that everyone could hear her clearly.
= So loudly did she speak that everyone could hear her clearly.
Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role， too ― and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday‘s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years.
（5）讓步狀語從句的倒裝
Although I am young， I can live by myself.
= Young as I am， I can live by myself.
= Young though I am， I can live by myself.
Although he is a child， he has learned to earn a living.
= Child as he is， he has learned to earn a living.
= Child though he is， he has learned to earn a living.
Although I like you very much， ……
= Much as I like you，……
= Though as I like you， ……
Odd though it sounds， cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics， and many astrophysics have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
特殊句型
Hardly …when…
No sooner…than…
一……就……
No sooner（Hardly） had we reached home than （when） it began to rain.
Hardly had the football match begun when it started snowing.
No sooner had he arrived at the station than the train began to leave.
以上就是英語中常見的倒裝結構，大家只要把倒裝的概念以及規(guī)則搞清楚，然后把主語和謂語的位置轉化成原來的位置，就可以了。
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理11
一、寫作常見問題主要分三大類：文不對題、無話可說、拖泥帶水
1、文不對題
這類問題在考研英語中可謂是“?？汀?，比如英語(二)的小作文，其要求如下：Suppose you won a translation content and your friend Jack wrote a e-mail to congratulate you， and ask advice on translation. Write him a reply to 1) thank him， and; 2)give your advice.
上述題目是一個祝賀信和建議信的綜合考查，但很多考生卻犯了“丟三落四”的錯誤，有的考生只抓住了祝賀這一點，有的考生只給出了相應的建議，最終都因缺少內容而失分。
針對以上問題，考生需要做的就是把握好考研應用文的類型，明晰各類型特征，這樣才能在考試時避開審題不清導致的文不對題的問題。
2、無話可說
對于多數(shù)考生而言，英語寫作最難的不是看不懂題，而是看懂題后不知道寫什么。
縱觀歷年寫作真題涉及的話題：社會，環(huán)境，文化，教育，就業(yè)等。
以英語(一)大作文為例，圖中兩個人面對打翻的水瓶，一個人悲觀地說全完了，另一個人慶幸還剩點兒。
其實從兩個人說話的語氣就能得出考查的主題，但是，很多同學就僅局限于“悲觀和樂觀”這兩個字眼，無法就其展開敘述，最終以字數(shù)不夠而失分。
作為選拔性的考試，考研英語出題還是較為貼近現(xiàn)實，只要考生平時注意觀察生活，善于積累和思考，考場上基本不會無話可說。
3、拖泥帶水
“字數(shù)不夠，胡拼亂湊”，這可真是很多考生考試時的真實寫照。
考研英語小作文要100字左右，大作文因英語(一)和英語(二)有別，分別是160-200字左右和150字左右。但是即使這么少的字數(shù)，很多考生出于對自身詞匯量、語法能力、造句水平的擔憂就隨意拼湊字數(shù)，生怕因為字數(shù)不夠而失分，結果，字數(shù)達到要求的同時文章卻偏離了主題，廢話連篇。
要解決這類問題，一是考生平時要嚴格要求自己，盡量不寫廢話，圍繞主題恰當展開即可，切不可為湊字數(shù)而胡亂堆砌;二是考生平時備考時要訓練自己的思維能力，掌握考研英語的寫作技巧，避免寫出“裹腳布”般的文章。
二、常見的低級錯誤，請自行入座
1、主謂一致
作文中最常見的低級錯誤就是主謂一致，看起來雖然是很簡單的語法知識，可是在有限的考試中，很多粗心的同學都出現(xiàn)好幾個這種錯誤。
例如：Learning from books in a formal educational setting are also valuable. 這句話中謂語動詞are和主語Learning from books 就沒有對應，主語作為動名詞短語，謂語應該用單數(shù) is，本來一個很好的句子因為一個小錯誤就大打折扣。
因此在寫復雜的長句時，要在完成句子后進行檢查，看看自己的謂語動詞是否規(guī)范，是否遵循了一句話里只能一個謂語的原則。
2、時態(tài)
時態(tài)上推薦同學們全篇除個別句子盡量使用一種時態(tài)，比如三種特別上手的時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和一般將來時。無論大小作文都可以用到，但一定要注意書寫的格式，不能出錯;其次如果想提高作文檔次，運用一些高大上的時態(tài)，也要挑比較把握的時態(tài)來寫，最常見的是現(xiàn)在完成時及相關的時態(tài)。
3、名詞的單復數(shù)、是否可數(shù)
第三點需要注意到就是名詞的單復數(shù)和是否可數(shù)的問題，寫作中名詞是組成句子的核心成分，，稍不留神就會將關鍵詞寫錯，這些要在平時積累勤加練習。
如：phenomenon這個比較常見的詞，它的復數(shù)形式并非直接加s，而是需要特殊變化為：phenomena，名詞的單復數(shù)同樣也會對后面的謂語動詞有影響，因此在寫作中要格外注意。
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理12
中國人學英語總是受到漢語的干擾。英語寫作是語法概念、詞匯知識、修辭手法等交流手段的綜合運用。缺乏對英語習慣表達法的了解及缺少寫作技巧的基本訓練，英語寫作中就會出現(xiàn)各種錯誤。下面筆者將學生作文中最普遍的錯誤作一歸類整理,以便對癥下藥，排除干擾，用地道的英語表達自己的觀點。
一、結構錯誤
1. There be 句型拖泥帶水。如：
There is an old sentence says “Practice makes perfect.”
學生作文中常愛引用一句諺語或格言來開頭,于是在There be句型后緊跟著又出現(xiàn)了一個謂語動詞。實際上,要表示“常言道”英語中有現(xiàn)成的說法，如：“As the saying goes”,“As a proverb has it”等。還有些學生的作文開頭就是“There has different ideas about...”，連基本的“There be”句型也被改造了。
2. 誤用平行結構。所謂平行結構，或對稱結構(Parallelism)，是指用相同的語法結構表示幾個意思上密切相關內容的修辭手法。這一修辭手法極其有用，使用得當，可使句子結構緊湊，對稱協(xié)調，語意鮮明，邏輯性強。但是，許多學生由于對這種修辭手法知之甚少，對其對稱照應的特點掌握不好，常常寫出一些結構不均衡，文意欠通順，邏輯混亂的句子。如：
My summer's work proved not only interesting but I also learned much from it.
She has fallen in love with him not because he is handsome but that he is diligent.
3. 出現(xiàn)“懸垂結構”。在一個句子中，修飾語必須清楚地修飾句中某個詞或短語，如果它不修飾句中的任何成分，而處于懸浮狀態(tài)，這樣的修飾語即為懸垂結構(Dangling Element)。如：
Climbing up the tower, the whole city came into our view.
(1)懸垂分詞
誤： Being Sunday, they went for a picnic.
正： It being Sunday, they went for a picnic.
正： As it was Sunday, they went for a picnic.
(2)懸垂不定式
誤：To swim properly, a course of instruction was necessary.
正：To swim properly, one needs a course of instruction.
(3)懸垂簡式從句
誤：When a middle school student, his parents were very strict with him.
正：When he was a middle school student, his parents were very strict with him.
二、意義錯誤
英語句子的意義錯誤產生于用詞不當，用詞不當又產生于不懂詞義或片面理解，根子是完全依賴中文字面釋義，不顧詞性內涵、前后搭配等而張冠李戴。
1. 詞性誤用。
We all know that fail is the mother of succeed. (fail的名詞形式為failure; succeed的名詞形式為success)
Make our cities greener is important. Plant trees and flowers is the best measure to obtain the goal.(應改用動名詞短語作主語Making...和Planting...)
People can through the Internet to get information. (錯把介詞through當動詞用。宜改為：People can get information through the Internet.)
2. 詞語贅用。
詞語贅用就是在文章中使用了多余的字(useless words)、或用了大詞(big words)，雅詞(elegant words)，形成了廢話(dead word)，使文章組織不嚴密，內容模糊不清。如：
Before we began to carry out the open-policy, my home town was a poor, backward, shabby, ugly and undeveloped place. 此句過多地使用了一些帶有貶義的形容詞，如此描述，使人不能不感到作者似乎對自己的家鄉(xiāng)眷戀不足，厭倦有余。為何出現(xiàn)這種詞語多余的現(xiàn)象呢？
(1)(語言)心理負擔過重。寫作時，惟恐所表達的意思不完整，語言不完美，于是就接二連三地使用一些意思相同或相近的詞語，結果破壞了句子的簡潔性。我們在寫作實踐中務必用詞準確、簡練，使所表達的內容清楚明白。
(2)受漢語影響。在漢語寫作中，人們經常使用“修飾語＋中心詞”這一公式，如：“殘酷剝削”、“野蠻侵略”。受這種漢語措辭的影響，不少學生寫出的英語就顯得簡練不足。
3. 詞語搭配不當。
何為搭配？語言學家JR.Firth(1957)將搭配定義為詞匯間的相互關聯(lián)(You shall know a word by the company it keeps.)。Halliday&Cowie都強調搭配是詞語的“共現(xiàn)”。需指出的是詞匯之間的搭配基本上是約定俗成的，沒有什么道理可講。英語中的習慣搭配范圍很廣,種類很多。常見的有:(1)名詞和動詞的搭配:英語中有些名詞常常與某些動詞搭配使用。例如:“獲得勝利”為win the victory,而“獲得知識”則是acquire knowledge。又如:表示“在字典中查單詞”,我們可說look up a word in the dictionary,但表示“查字典”卻不能說look up a dictionary,而應說refer to a dictionary或consult a dictionary ； (2)形容詞和名詞的搭配:英語中形容詞和名詞搭配的現(xiàn)象也很普遍。例如:形容女子美麗,我們常用beautiful或pretty,但形容男子漂亮時,我們則須用handsome或smart。又如:strong和powerful為同義詞,我們只能說strong tea和 a powerful car;反之,則不能被接受； (3)動詞和副詞的習慣搭配:英語中動詞和副詞的習慣搭配也比比皆是。例如:要表示“笑逐顏開”,一般說smile broadly而不說smile widely，同樣,要表示“他大量地出汗”時,可以說:He sweated profusely， 而要表示“他大量地引用本書”時,則須說He drew heavily on the book； (4)介詞的一些習慣搭配:英語中有些動詞或形容詞后、名詞前要呼應不同的介詞,形成習慣搭配。例如:可以說：Somebody is familiar with something。
三、 表達方式錯誤
懂得了語法，掌握了語義，寫起文章來還有表達方式對不對、好不好的問題，在這方面，漢語同樣會干擾英語。有的學生的文章生硬晦澀，讀起來好象骨鯁在喉，吞不下去，這多半是由于打不破漢語的牢籠。My English base is still very poor. (宜改為：I’m poor at English. / My English is poor.)
Last year an extremely big flood which happen once in scores of years took place in many parts of our country. (宜改為：Last year many parts of China were visited by the worst flood in scores of years.)
This year my listening skills have made much progress.(宜改為：I have made great progress in my listening this year.)
建議:
1. 學習英語受到漢語干擾是必然的,不應埋怨而應努力減少干擾,排除干擾。教師在教學過程中要注意發(fā)現(xiàn)這方面的問題，并采取積極有效的措施，滿腔熱忱地幫助指導學生克服母語干擾的障礙。不妨有針對性地向學生介紹一些基本的翻譯知識，引導他們自覺地走出“牛角尖”。
2. 從學生角度看，要在學習過程中不斷注意糾正自己在運用英語時依賴漢語的不良習慣。如：學習詞匯時，不要簡單地和詞典上的漢語釋義一一對應。詞是語音、意義和語法特點三者統(tǒng)一的整體，詞又是語句的基本結構單位(陸國強1986)。了解一個詞(knowing a word)就要學習它的意義(包括上下文意義和意義關系)；詞的使用(包括修辭和習語、固定搭配、文體和語意)；詞的信息(包括詞性，前綴和后綴，拼寫和發(fā)音)；這個詞的語法(包括名詞的可數(shù)不可數(shù)；動詞互補，詞組動詞；形容詞、副詞的位置等)。(Harmer,1990)
語言這東西，不下苦功難學好。英語寫作沒有什么“秘訣”可言，我們必須加強閱讀，并在閱讀時留心觀察，細心模仿。詞匯、句型和表達方式見得多了也就熟了，使用時也會信手拈來。Practice makes perfect的道理用在語言學習中似乎是更適用的。只要處處留心，打開思路，就能在實踐中一步步克服Chinglish傾向，使自己的英語日益趨于地道、純正。 (全文完)
(文/張樹勇； 英語輔導報)
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理13
考研英語完型復習 常見錯誤解析
完型填空不算是考研英語中最難的題型，相反，從真正意義上講是所有題型中最簡單的題型，但是考生往往會掉以輕心，跌進出題者設置的陷阱中，使得本來很簡單的題型失分。
固定搭配陷阱
Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them alive and active.
[A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with
先看看41的這四個選項，第一直覺就選A。因為似乎記得有at rate這個短語。其實真正的固定搭配是at any rate，意思是“無論如何，不管怎樣。”還有固定搭配是at this rate“照這樣下去。”但是在這其實出題者考察的是with連接的一個定語從句，只有with可以表示“有”這層含義，所以，希望考生千萬要看清楚上下文意思。注意出題者真正考察的是什么。本題正確選項是with。
上下文復現(xiàn)陷阱
When the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
Successful safety programs may differ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by observing rules or regulations.
[A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement
如上，43題，剛拿到題時不知道要選哪個，在緊接的下一段看到了regulation，這是考生以為找到答案了，殊不知，考生根本沒看清楚，上下文的關系是否對應。很明顯，第二段是總分段，第二段里的regulation是這個總概念中舉例的一部分，與43題不能是對等位置，43題考察的是一個總的概念。所以不能以偏概全，而應該分析清楚43題真正的主語是什么。本題正確選項是 climate。
從句辨析陷阱
When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established 44 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
[A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless
很多考生，不知道這個空應該填什么，動詞后面是賓語從句，很輕易的判斷是how。因為how可以引導賓語從句，what引導名詞性從句必須單獨做成分，(后面有time，說明不是what)，unless引導時間狀語從句，句中沒時間所以排除。其實，這個是一個特殊的定語從句，關系副詞where修飾先行詞climate，只不過因為定語從句比較長，所以為了避免頭重腳輕，將定語從句后置了。
近義詞辨析陷阱
This may mean the difference between operating at 50 or at a loss.
50. [A] an advantage
[B] a benefit
[C] an interest
[D] a profit
在選擇這個題的.時候一定要近義詞辨析，出題者一般會利用近義詞，擾亂考生的思維，造成誤判。這需要考生在平時的學習中記清楚每個短語的確切搭配。 advantage: 指因某方面占優(yōu)勢或利用某機會以及對方弱點而獲得利益與好處。benefit: 普通用詞，指通過正當手段從物質或精神方面得到的任何好處或利益。 interest : 作“利益”解時，多用復數(shù)形式，既可指集團、群體的利益，又可指個人的利益。profit: 著重收益，尤指從物質、錢財?shù)确矫娅@得的利益。 這個題中A,B首先排除，因為它們和loss沒有直接的互斥，所以選擇C或者D，其中C在閱讀中出現(xiàn)的頻率比較高，但是注意其的用法，要用復數(shù)來表示利益。所以選擇D.
總之，做完形填空，一定要秉承“精益求精”的精神，不然，很容易在無意間掉進陷阱，失去分數(shù)。
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理14
1.標點符號錯誤
標點符號使用錯誤的現(xiàn)象，在考研英語的小作文中表現(xiàn)的尤為突出。
①稱呼后面應該使用逗號，而非句號，且不加標點符號也是錯誤的，如：Dear Mr Wang
②Yours后面應該加逗號，正確的形式應該是：Yours,
③落款后面不加標點符號，很多同學在寫小作文的時候都習慣性的點上一點，但這一點在英文中就是句號的代表。此外，在大作文中也有許多同學出現(xiàn)一句話沒有寫完，就直接使用句號的情況，這是不對的。
2.單詞拼寫錯誤
單詞拼寫的錯誤，在閱卷英語老師看來是最不該范的錯誤。在這塊要想獲得提高，就只能平時認真的多背單詞了。
3.大小寫的問題
在寫作中，會涉及到首字母大小寫的一般有兩個地方：
①每一句話的第一個單詞，首字母應該大寫;
②題目中的第一個單詞和最后一個單詞的首字母應該大寫。而在題目的中間部分，如果是實詞，首字母就要大寫，如果是虛詞，則不用。但是考研英語的大作文是不用寫題目的，因而不會涉及到題目中單詞首字母大小寫的問題。
4.語法問題
①介詞使用不當
在一個詞組中，具體應該使用什么介詞，取決于這個詞組的固定搭配，而不是隨意而為之。如：
I am writing this letter to express my suggestions about how to improve
Students’ physical condition.
“對…提出建議”應該是give suggestions on…,原文中使用介詞about并不恰當，不符合常用表達。
②缺少謂語動詞
The students in good health.
我們都知道，“主+謂+賓”是一個句子最基本的結構，缺一不可。如果謂語動詞是系動詞，那這個句子就是典型的“主+系+表”的結構了。上面的這個句子有主語the students,有介詞短語in good health,但是很明顯缺少系動詞，正確的句子形式應該是The students are in good health.
③名詞的復數(shù)
當名詞在句子中表達的是復數(shù)的含義的時候，一定要使用它的復數(shù)形式，如：
I have some suggestion to you.
在這句話中，前置定語some已經說明了suggestion是復數(shù)形式了，應該加-s,suggestions才對。
④情態(tài)動詞后使用動詞原形
First of all, you can organization about ourdoor.
在這個句子中，can是情態(tài)動詞，后面應該使用動詞原形organize，組織戶外活動是organize outdoor activitis.這句話的正確表達是First of all, you can organize ourdoor activities.
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理15
英語書面表達常見錯誤分析及高分技巧指導
英語書面表達常見錯誤分析及高分技巧指導河南省商水第一高級中學教學與備考研究室
王祥玉
郵編：466100??????E-mail：ssygwxy@
經過近五年的高考評卷，結合長期的畢業(yè)班教學實踐，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，在英語寫作方面，同學們出現(xiàn)一些常見的類似錯誤，為便于少走彎路，科學備考，輕松得高分，
特總結分析如下：
一?書面表達常見錯誤
㈠??文章的格式混亂：主要表現(xiàn)為段落不清，層次不明。
(1)四邊留空：卷面的四邊一定要留出適當?shù)目瞻?。這樣的文章才能整齊、美觀，給人以清晰、明快的感覺。
(2)空格：文章的每段的首行一定要有統(tǒng)一的空格。
㈡?大小寫方面的錯誤
在評改過程中，有關大小寫方面的錯誤層出不窮，這是考生的一個弱點。一般來說，大寫規(guī)則有以下幾條：
（1）大寫每句話的第一個字母和直接引語的第一字母,如：He?said?,“He?is?going?to?Shanghai?next?week”.
(2)?大寫專有名詞，或用作專有名詞的部分普通名詞，通常是縮略形式。如：Dr?G?.?G?.?East
(3)??大寫縮寫字母。如：MPA?,MBA?,BBC
(4)?文章標題要大寫。
(5)??頭銜在專有名詞前要大寫，在專有名詞后就小寫。例如：Captain?Smith?--------Smith,the?captain?Uncle?George--------?George?,my?uncle四、標點符號錯誤及分析
（6）一定要注意正確使用標點符號，切忌從頭到尾只用逗號的現(xiàn)象。一定要熟練掌握常用標點符號的基本用法，尤其要正確使用逗號和分號。
㈢?理解錯誤。
有些考生錯誤的把題目中所給的漢語提綱直接譯成了英語。也有的考生在看圖作文時沒能正確理解題意。
㈣?文不對題。
有些考生一味將自己會寫的東西堆砌在一起，而沒有緊扣主題，以致于下筆千言，離題萬里。且言多必失，錯誤百出。
㈤?語法錯誤
主要表現(xiàn)在單復數(shù)，人稱，時態(tài)，語態(tài)，結構，搭配和拼寫等等。
【錯例1】It?was?my?turn，I?was?very?nervous?.
【分析】這是一種“句子逗號句子”的錯誤。按照英文語法，句子與句子之間應有連接詞連接。此句的`正確表達應為：When?it?was?my?turn，I?was?very?nervous。/It?was?my?turn?and?I?was?very?nervous?。
【錯例2】Every?time?when?I?went?to?her?house?，she?was?out
【分析】every?time是從屬連詞，引導時間狀語從句，。故應去掉when。類似的還有：each?time，the?moment，the?minute，?the?instant，directly?，immediately?等等。此外，詞組?the?first?time，the?last?time，the?next?time，?by?the?time?，all?the?time?也可直接引導時間狀語從句。
【錯例3】I?and?Li?Ming?went?up?to?her
【分析】英語人稱代詞排列順序可按下面的順口溜記憶：
單數(shù)2，3，1（you?，he?and?I）?，?復數(shù)1，2，3；（we?，you?and?they）
都是三人稱，????女后男在先（he?and?she?）；
若是有過失，????主動要承擔?；
單數(shù)1，3，2（I，?he?and?you?），??復數(shù)3?，2?，1（they?，you?and?we）；
晚輩與動物??，??我須放在前?（I?and?my?son；I?and?the?dog）；
人稱排列好??，???你會用語言?。
所以上句錯例應改為：Li?Ming?and?I?went?up?to?her（六）漢語式英語
㈥??漢語式英語
學生在寫書面表達時，易受漢語習慣的影響，所寫句子雖然語法正確，但不符合英語表達習慣。
A?謂語型：?近來，我們村發(fā)生了很大的變化。
【誤】Recently?our?village?has?taken?place?great?changes?.
【正】Recently?great?changes?have?taken?place?in?our?village
B主語型:???她花五元錢買了一本詞典.
【誤】she?cost?five?yuan?to?buy?a?dictionary.
【正】It?cost?him?five?yuan?to?buy?a?dictionary?/?The?dictionary?cost?him?five?yuan?.
動詞 使用場合 主語
Cost 花金錢 物?/?it
Spend 花金錢?/?時間 人
Take 花時間 it
Pay 花金錢 人
C??表語型:
1?將定語誤用作表語.
【誤】His?friends?are?few他的朋友少
【正】He?has?few?friends?.
2誤用表語
【誤】The?population?of?China?is?many?.中國人口多.
【正】the?population?of?China?is?large
解析?:?在用number?,population?,amount?,salary?,audience等用large,small作表語
㈦?時間不夠
有的學生作文水平很高,可惜沒有把全文寫完整,有的甚至一半還沒有寫完,也許時間分配不合理,致使前松后緊,?給作文留的時間太少.。
二?高分技巧指導
㈠?句式多變，語法活用
句子是表達一個完整意思的最小當位，所以造句能力在英文寫作中是非常重要的。好的英語句子能夠生動，形象，準確的表達內容。所以要想寫出漂亮的書面表達，必須從寫好句子開始。
英語基本句型及造句:
①主語+謂語+狀語(介詞,名詞短語或從句)
The?sun?rises?up?in?the?east?and?sets?in?the?west.
②?主語+不及物動詞+副詞
This?kind?of?wine?drinks?well?and?sells?well.
③?主語+謂語+介詞+賓語
He?hates?to?argue?with?his?wife?about?such?small?matters
④?主語+系動詞+形容詞
Good?medicine?tastes?bitter?to?the?mouth.
⑤主語+謂語+直接賓語
This?factory?produces?1000?cars?a?week.
⑥主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
He?wrote?his?family?a?letter?yesterday.
⑦?主語+謂語+賓語+賓補?(to?do)
I?will?get?someone?to?repair?the?recorder?for?you.
He?invited?me?to?teach?at?a?well-known?university.
⑧主語+謂語+賓語+賓補?(do)
I?often?hear?her?sing?the?song.
The?boss?made?workers?work?15?hours?a?day.
&nb
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理16
考研英語應用作文常見錯誤及指導
考研英語寫作分為PART A 和PARTB兩部分，所占分值比例英語一分別為10分，20分，英語二分別為10分，15分。PARTA即短文寫作，也就是我們所說的小作文。那么，大家可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，小作文無論在英語一還是英語二，在分值比例上，寫作要求上都是一樣的。而小作文最?？疾榈男问綖閼梦模磿?。其實書信寫作對于廣大考生來說并不陌生，大學英語四六級中書信寫作是?？碱}型。但是老師在輔導學生作文過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)，學生的書信寫作還存在諸多問題。
首先，格式上的錯誤。書信的稱呼，正確的格式應該是“Dear…,”，而很多考生不用Dear，而且一般都是寫成“Dear…:”。另外，在考研英語寫作中不需要寫日期，最后書信的落款是“LiMing”，而不是自己的姓名?？忌蛔⒁鈺诺母袷?，后果就是扣分嚴重。
其次，審題不認真，內容離題。一直以來，在寫作之前我們都跟學生強調要審題，很多考生一直不注意這點，也有的認為書信沒有什么值得仔細審讀的.。但是最后的后果就是，內容偏離題目要求。小作文要如何審題呢?首先要仔細閱讀題目所提供的情景，確定寫信人和收信人的關系即寫信人的身份，進而確定書信的口氣，這樣才能滿足大綱中對寫作語域的要求。另外，還需要注意情景發(fā)生的時間和背景，注意書信的時態(tài)。
在重點備考書信寫作的同時，提醒考生們千萬不能忽視其它類型的寫作，比如通知、備忘錄等。小作文種類繁多，但是只要有正確的思路和方法，再加上多寫、多練、多改，一定可以攻克。
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理17
1.中國學生經常受中文使用習慣的影響，將“系表型(或者狀態(tài)型)”謂語中的系動詞漏掉。
例如：
她很高。
╳She very tall.
√She is very tall.
太陽很大。
╳The sun very big.
√The sun is very big.
我們在家里。
╳we at home.
√we are at home.
2.經常忘記或者弄錯主語和謂語，在人稱、數(shù)方面要求一致的問題。
例如：
Lily不吃牛肉。
╳Lily don’t eat beef.
√Lily doesn’t eat beef.
他想去看電視。
╳He want to watch TV.
√He wants to watch TV.
3.經常錯誤地將原形動詞作表語，一般要改成不定式。
例如：
你的任務是清理房間。
╳You task is clean rooms.
√Your task is to clean rooms.
我們的一個想法是給他一個Apple Watch。
╳One of our thoughts is give her an Apple Watch.
√One of our thoughts is to give her an Apple Watch.
作者|丹丹英語
公眾號：英語語法學習
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理18
英語作文常見錯誤分析
文章摘要：他的兒子也有點奇怪：小樹長高了，可是自己長得卻不如小樹長得高了，這是為什么呢;有紅，白，綠，紫，五光十色。中考英語作文十大常見錯誤分析還有那爬動的八只腳和那來回搖晃的大鉗子。在這場戰(zhàn)爭中，許多醫(yī)務人員都不幸被感染了，葉欣、鄧練賢等醫(yī)務人員更是為此而付出了生命，在這場戰(zhàn)爭中體現(xiàn)了作為一個醫(yī)務人員應有的救死扶傷的精神；
一篇優(yōu)秀的英語作文在內容和語言兩方面應是一個統(tǒng)一體，任何一方面的欠缺都會直接影響到作文的質量。然而，很多考生在寫作中或者由于粗心大意，或者由于基本功不扎實而經常出現(xiàn)名詞不變復數(shù)、第三人稱單數(shù)不加s，前后不一致，以及時態(tài)語態(tài)、句子完整性等方面的錯誤。
1.審題不清
如中考作文要求寫一項最喜歡的課外活動，有些考生將作文的主題定位為“我最喜歡的活動”，偏離了“一項、課外活動”這一主題。依據(jù)作文的評分原則，若文章內容不切題，則不管語言如何規(guī)范、用詞如何準確，都會被判為零分。
2.拼寫錯誤
拼寫是考生應該具備的最起碼的基本功，但在考生的作文中卻經常能發(fā)現(xiàn)很多拼寫錯誤。有拼寫錯誤的作文肯定會被酌情扣分，而且有大量拼寫錯誤存在的`作文不僅體現(xiàn)出語言基本功差，同時也直接影響內容的表達，通常會降低作文的檔次。
3.名詞單復數(shù)問題：
誤Myfatherandmymotherisallteacher.
正Myfatherandmymotherarebothteachers.
4.缺少動詞
在漢語中沒有動詞的句子是允許的，但英語中每個完整的句子都必須有動詞來構成，如：“我累了?！边@個句子沒有動詞作謂語，而用形容詞，但英語形容詞不能作謂語，一定要寫成：I‘mtired.
誤IhappyIcancometoBeijingZoo.
正IamhappyIcancometoBeijingZoo.
誤Theapplescheap.I’lltakesome.
正Theapplesarecheap.I‘lltakesome.
5.缺少介詞、冠詞等
還有一些考生因為沒有熟練掌握介詞或者冠詞的用法，不了解中英文語言習慣的不同，也會出現(xiàn)明顯的錯誤，造成丟分現(xiàn)象。
誤Becauseheavyrainwecan’tholdthesportsmeeting.
正Becauseoftheheavyrainwecan‘tholdthesportsmeeting.
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理19
To be 結構
Ask sb. to do sth. 請(叫)某人做某事
Tell sb to do sth. 請(叫)某人做某事
Help sb ( to) do sth. 協(xié)助做某事
Want sb to do sth. 想要做某事
Wish sb to do sth. 希望做某事
Invite sb. to do sth. 約請某人做某事
Drive sb. to do sth. 驅使某人做某事
Expect sb. to do sth. 希冀某人做某事
Forbid sb. to do sth. 制止某人做某事
Force sb. to do sth. 強迫某人做某事
Hope to do sth. 希望做某事
Offer to do sth. 自動提出做某事
Plan to do sth. 方案做某事
Prepare to do sth. 預備做某事
Pretend to do sth. 偽裝做某事
Promise to do sth. 容許做某事
refuse to do sth. 回絕做某事
Fail to do sth. 未能做某事
Happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
Need sb to do sth. 需要某人做某事
Need doing =need to be done. 某事需要被做
Advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事
Advise doing sth. 建議做某事
Allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
Allow doing sth. 允許某人做某事
-ing 結構
Consider doing sth. 思索做某事
Enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事
Escape doing sth. 逃脫做某事
Finish doing sth. 完成做某事
Give up doing sth. 保持做某事
Imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
Mind doing sth. 介意做某事
Practice doing sth. 練習做某事
Prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事
Put off doing sth. 推延做某事
risk doing sth. 冒險做某事
Forbid doing sth. 制止做某事
Forgive doing sth. 原諒做某事
既 +to 又 +ing
remember to do sth. 記住去做某事，表示這件事情還沒有做
remember doing sth. 記得做過某事
Forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事。 (未做)
Forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事。 (已做)
regret to do sth. 遺憾地(要)做某事 (還未做呢)
regret doing sth. 后悔做過某事(已經做過了)
Try to do sth. 努力做謀事,盡力做某事，但不一定成功
Try doing sth. 試圖做謀事
Stop to do 表示停止現(xiàn)在在做的事情，開始做另外一件事情
Stop doing 表示停止現(xiàn)在在做的事情
Mean to do sth. 計劃做某事
Mean doing sth. 意味著做某事
Can’t help to do sth. 不能協(xié)助做某
Can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
Go on to do sth. 做了一件事后,接著做另一件事
Go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做原來做的事
Do 動詞原形
Let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事
Make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Make sth. done 使某事完成
Have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Have sth done 做完某事
See sb. do sth. 看見某人做某事
See sb doing 看人某人正在做
Hear sb. do sth. 聽見某人做某事
Hear sb doing 聽見某人正在做
Listen to sb. do sth. 聽著某人做某事
Listen sb doing sth 聽著某人正在做
Look at sb. do sth. 看著某人做某事
Watch sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事
Feel sb. do sth. 覺得某人做某事
雙賓語
Give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物
Tell sb sth = tell sth to sb 告訴某人某事
Borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物
Lend sth to sb 借某物給某人
Buy sth for sb =buy sb sth 給某人買某物
Show sb sth=show sth to sb 向某人展示某物
Be 動詞結構
Be at home = stay at home 在家
Be in trouble 有麻煩
Be careful of 小心……
Be late for 因……遲到
Be free 空閑的，有空
Be busy doing/with sth 忙于……
Be covered with 被……復蓋
Be ready for 為……作好準備
Be surprised (at) 對……感到驚訝
Be interested in 對……感到舉
Be excited about 激動于
Be angry with 憤怒于
Be mad at 瘋狂于
Be friendly to 友好地去
Be pleased with 很高興做
Be satisfied with 對……很滿意
Be famous for 因……而著名
Be famous as 作為……而著名
Be strict with 對……嚴格
Be strict in 在……方面嚴格
Be afraid of 害怕……
Be afraid to do 害怕去做……
Be glad to do 很高興去做……
Be good for 對……有好處
Be bad for 對……有害處
Be good at = do well in 擅長
Be able to do 能去做……
固定搭配
Have a lesson /a meeting 上課/開會
Have a try 試一試
Have a good time 玩得很高興
Have fun 玩得高興
Have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早飯/午飯/晚飯
Have a meal (three meals) 吃一頓飯
Have a fever 發(fā)燒
Have a cold 感冒
Have a look (at) 看一看……
Have a rest 休息一會兒
Have a talk 談話
Have a walk =take a walk 散步
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理20
考研英語作文常見錯誤分析
【摘要】在英文寫作過程中，學生們常常誤入歧途卻自己不能察覺。一些常見的寫作錯誤會出現(xiàn)在大部分考生的試卷上。比如審題不清，經常出現(xiàn)偏題或跑題；習慣漢語思維，逐字翻譯；用詞搭配不當，張冠李戴；詞不達意，拼寫錯誤嚴重；等等。具體來說，常見的錯誤主要有這些：
一、指代方面的錯誤
在使用代詞it，he，this，that，which，one等時，前文中應出現(xiàn)明確的先行詞。
如：Since we cannot know what particular bit of knowledge a child will need in the future，it is senseless to force him to learn it.，這句話中，him和it這兩個代詞都有明確的先行詞，分別是a child和knowledge，因此句子的含義非常清楚。
可是，不少學生在使用這些代詞時，雖然自己很清楚它們指代的是什么，但在作文中卻沒有交代清楚，結果這些代詞非但沒有使行文簡潔，反而造成了意思上的模糊，讓閱卷老師不知所云。
誤：Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden they have to bear.
正：Sometimes the teacher will inform students of the heavy burden he has to bear.
【說明】句1中的they既可指教師，也可指學生，屬指代不清的?？梢园阉鼈冎械娜我庖粋€改成單數(shù)名詞。因為單數(shù)名詞也可以泛指一類。
二、修飾方面的錯誤
修飾語應緊靠被修飾的成分，并和它形成正確的邏輯關系。如果修飾語的位置不妥當，就會造出模棱兩可的病句。
誤：To keep the air clean, we must move the factories which give off poisonous gases to the countryside.
正：To keep the air clean, we must move the factories to the countryside if they give off poisonous gases.
【說明】句1要表達的是把有害氣體排放到農村，還是把工廠遷到農村去?顯然修飾語to the countryside的位置放錯了。如句2改變一下結構，就能清楚地表達要表達的意思了。
三、一致方面的錯誤
在一個句子內部或緊鄰的兩三個句子之間，要保持時態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)等的一致。
誤：Whether one enjoys or resents advertisements, we are actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.
正：Whether we enjoy or resent advertisements, we are actually bombarded with them every hour of the day.
【說明】代詞應與所指代的先行詞保持人稱和數(shù)上的一致。句1也可改成Whether one enjoys or resents the advertisement, he is actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.
四、平行結構方面的錯誤
這里專指語態(tài)、比較級、非謂語形式、冠詞用法、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞、不定代詞單復數(shù)以及時態(tài)等錯誤。
1、誤：Narrow streets easily cause to happen many traffic accidents.
正：narrow streets easily cause many traffic accidents. (to happen)
誤：A great change has been taken place since then.
正：A great change has taken place since then.
誤：But it may occur some new problems.
正：But some new problems may occur/arise.
誤：Opportunities are only belonged to those who work hard.
正：Opportunities only belong to those who work hard.
【說明】happen，take place，occur，arise等動詞和動詞詞組一般既不能用作被動結構，也不能作為及物動詞帶賓語的。但學生作文中類似的錯誤較多：Our country has taken place a great change in many fields.
2、誤：The pace of our modern life is getting more faster and faster.
正：The pace of our modern life is getting faster and faster.
誤：Electricity is the most important power in our daily life than other kinds of power.
正：Electricity is the most important power in our daily life.
誤：Thus our city will be greatly beautiful than it is now.
正：Thus our city will be far more beautiful than it is now.
【說明】這些都是在使用比較形式時出現(xiàn)的錯誤。尤其是第1例較普遍。如more easier，more stronger等。
五、斷句方面的錯誤
一句句子沒有結束，又開始新的一句，結果造成句子結構不全，這就成為斷句。
誤：TV becomes an important part in our daily life. Because we cannot live without it.
正：TV becomes an important part in our daily life，because we cannot live without it.
【說明】以because，since，if等引導的從句是不能獨立成句的，只能依屬于主句，所以不能寫成另一句。
六、連詞方面的錯誤
作文中缺少必要的`連詞，或錯用連詞的現(xiàn)象也比較普遍。
誤：One should improve his English，one should overcome difficulties in studies.
正：If one wants to improve his English，he should overcome difficulties in studies.
【說明】學生在寫作中往往意識不到連詞的重要，不善于使用連詞和連接副詞來明確標示出因果關系、轉折關系、遞進關系等。
七、搭配方面的錯誤
學生作文中用詞搭配方面的錯誤也占有較大比例。曾經在一次六級作文閱卷中，近千篇作文在表達上海交通越來越擁擠這個意思時，幾乎沒有一篇用 heavier，大多數(shù)人用的是The traffic in Shanghai is getting more and more crowded，而traffic是不能與crowded搭配的。
1、誤：However the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bicycle.
正：However the speed of a car is much higher than that of a bicycle.
【說明】speed只能和high，low，good，top，normal，fantastic，moderate，surprising等搭配，不能與fast，quick，slow搭配。但可以這樣說A car is much faster in speed than a bicycle.
2、誤：In the past the price of milk was so expensive that most families could not afford it.
正：In the past the price of milk was so high that most families couldnt afford it.
【說明】price只和high，low，inflated，moderate，minimum，original，popular，prevailing，published，reduced，reasonable等搭配，不能與expensive，cheap搭配，但可以說In the past，milk was so expensive that most families couldnt afford it.
由此可見，要提高對詞語搭配的駕馭能力，除了要在平時的閱讀過程中多積累，還需要克服中文中諸如速度快、價格貴、學習知識、人減少等搭配的影響，避免寫出look book或see book這樣的笑話來。
八、誤用方面
學生作文中對詞語的誤用也相當普遍，誤用詞語不僅不能準確地表達作者的意思，而且也會鬧出笑話。
1、誤：With the industrious development，there is a great need for different kinds of energy.
正：With the industrial development，there is a great need for different kinds of energy.
2、誤：Most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which effect our daily life.
正：Most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which affect our daily life.
【說明】以上錯句都是因為對形容詞的辨析不清而造成的。Industrious是勤勞的，工業(yè)上的應為industrial。effect一般用作名詞，其動詞形式表示產生、實現(xiàn)，而這里的意思是影響，應換成affect。
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理21
考研英語寫作常見錯誤與應對策略
考研英語寫作中的常見錯誤作文部分是考研英語試卷中最難的主觀題，也是考生得分率較低的題型。從歷年考試來看，考生在寫作部分大量失分的原因是考生在寫作中存在一些具有代表性的普遍問題。以下是一些從考生作文中摘抄下來的例子。
(1) Today, students who take part in social practice become more and more.
(2) Light will be more powerful when the circumstances is more dark.
(3) As a university student, we can study hard science knowledge.
(4) In remote country, some children can?t go to school because no money.
(5) If we help others without thinking whether others need, it perhaps decrease other?s confidence.
(6) I think the best way to show love is our suitable help when others are facing with difficulty and need our helps.
(7) In the picture below, in the dark full situation, a little of spark enlightens the dark.
(8) We offer love, more important, we need love.
(9) But for my roommates? help I couldn?t live up not only in physics but also in spirits.
(10) Let?s hold our hands to build our country filled in love hearts.
上面的例子代表了考研作文中存在的'一些普遍問題。這些問題概括起來主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：
■ 審題不清，致使文章內容偏離主題。如在考試中，有些考生將作文的主題定位為“中國的民族服裝為何受西方人喜愛”，偏離了“文化融合”這一主題。我們知道，依據(jù)作文的評分原則，若文章內容不切題，則不管語言如何規(guī)范、用詞如何準確，都會被判為零分。
■ 內容空洞，言之無物，東拉西扯，無明顯主題。
■ 漢語思維，逐字翻譯，中式英語。很多考生在寫英語作文時，習慣于先用漢語進行構思，然后再將漢語譯成英語。結果文章中出現(xiàn)很多中式英語，令人難以理解。大家最熟悉的一個典型例子是：Good good study, day day up (好好學習，天天向上)。
■ 詞匯量小，用詞不準確，詞不達意。如do some contribution中的do就屬于用詞不準確，應該用make。
■ 語法錯誤較多，主要表現(xiàn)為主謂不一致，第三人稱單數(shù)不加s，以及時態(tài)語態(tài)、名詞單復數(shù)、句子完整性方面的錯誤。這些錯誤在考生看來可能無關緊要，但直接影響著作文的整體質量。
■ 句子單調，句型單一，句式缺少變化。
■ 不會使用起承上啟下作用的過渡詞語，文章缺乏連貫性。
總之，一篇優(yōu)秀的英語作文在內容和語言兩方面應是一個統(tǒng)一體，任何一方面的欠缺都會直接影響到作文的質量。然而，很多考生在寫作中或者由于粗心大意，或者由于基本功不扎實而經常出現(xiàn)一些語法、詞匯、邏輯、語篇等方面的錯誤。這些錯誤如果得不到及時的解決，將直接影響作文得高分。下面對這幾方面的錯誤分別予以分析和說明。
1) 詞匯錯誤
詞匯方面的錯誤主要表現(xiàn)在拼寫不正確、詞形相近而詞義不同的詞的混用、名詞單復數(shù)不清、搭配不當?shù)取?/p>
(1) 拼寫錯誤
拼寫是考生應該具備的起碼的基本功，但在考生的作文中卻經常能發(fā)現(xiàn)很多拼寫錯誤。拼寫錯誤雖然未被列入扣分標準，但大量拼寫錯誤的存在不僅體現(xiàn)出語言基本功差，同時也直接影響內容的表達。以下例子中，劃線部分為拼寫不正確的單詞。從中可以看出，有些拼寫錯誤影響了整個句子的意思。
...flower cuircling her head and Chinese Changming lock in her chest...
In its long history it beared excellent culture，...
In the past, we are stranged to see a person in other countries? costume while now we are very familiar with this.
What I accomplished today party attribute to all of them giving me a hand to my school work.
With the development of saciety, ...
Enviroment pollution,
We could do anything happyly.
If we have a family fulling of people who love you, ...
(2) 近形異義詞(詞組)混用
英語中有很多單詞(詞組)詞形非常相似，但詞義卻相差甚遠，使用起來往往容易混淆。這是考研英語作文中另一詞匯方面的常見錯誤。這些詞(詞組)的混用或誤用經常會引起歧義，有時甚至會產生相反的意思。如contribute to 和attribute to意思就完全相反，但考生常將二者混淆;其他容易混淆的詞還有：
Confirm (確認) ―― conform (使……適合)
Economic (經濟的) ―― economical (節(jié)約的)
Courage (勇氣) ―― encourage (鼓勵)
Transmit (傳送) ―― transform (轉換)
Liter (升、公升) ―― litter (亂丟、亂扔)
Consist of (由……組成) ―― consist in (存在于……)
Belong to (屬于) ―― belong in (應歸入……)
(3) 搭配不當
英語中有大量的習慣用語和固定搭配，這些搭配主要有名詞、動詞、形容詞與介詞或副詞的搭配。有些考生由于對此掌握得不夠牢固，經常在這方面出錯，從而影響了對作文的理解。
誤： to solve the question
正： to solve the problem (or: to answer the question)
誤： pay attention on
正： pay attention to
誤： Many changes have happened.
正： Many changes have taken place.
誤： on my opinion
正： in my opinion
(4) 用詞不當
許多考生由于詞匯量有限，或單詞掌握得不夠牢固，因此不能正確使用已學過和已經記住的單詞，出現(xiàn)用詞不當、詞不達意等問題。 例如： the naive spark, enlighten the dark, a happy home, calm gulf, health knowledge等。
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理22
文化交流
好處：1、cultural exchanges can enhance international friendship.
2、people can acquire better understanding of each other.
3、can also greatly benefit the countries and stimulate their own social development and culture prosperity.
繁榮：thrive/boom/flourish/blossom
人口問題
解決問題：
1、 the awareness of struggling for one’s life is essential to the young man
2、 parents indulge children in consumption with an objective outlook on money
交通事故
Traffic accidents have long been a problem and are becoming a severe problem
原因：
1、 many drivers are forced to drive days and nights
2、 a lot of people drive after drinking alcohol
城市發(fā)展與歷史傳承
A balanced economic development is not accompanied by sacrifice of history.1、historical sites are the treasure of our country’s glorious past. We must figure out a win-win method to promote sustainable development while retaining our cultural heritage.
一、身體健康 鍛煉 心理問題 減肥 知識分子
1 to develop good health 2 to keep regular exercise 3 to make more contributions to the society 4 to make do with bad diet 5 to neglect sports and exercise
二、職業(yè)道德及素質類 虛假宣傳 假冒偽劣產品 排隊 鼓掌 文明言行 文明交通 謙虛 寬容 醫(yī)患矛盾 藥品回扣誠信 豆腐渣 家庭作坊衛(wèi)生 跳槽與商業(yè)機密
1 the sanitation problem of family workshops 2 the promise of one’s own responsibility is like a method of cheating, and is quit against professional morals(職業(yè)道德) 3 low-quality products 4 the ignorance of sanitation 5 short of occupational disciplines 6 the false commercial advertising and promotion
三、工作就業(yè)前途 高薪 加班 技能 學歷 自立自強 創(chuàng)業(yè)
To find (search\hunt) the right career; to display talent and capability; to be of real service to fellowmen and the country; to feel guilty in front of parents and family supporters; to encounter discrimination on the basis of sex or height or even birthplace; to despise jobs of lower social status and less income; to avoid the possibility of working in the rural areas
四、環(huán)境保護 動植物保護 保護森林 水污染 汽車尾氣 沙塵暴 溫室效應 節(jié)約資源 垃圾污染
The exhaustion of resources ; pollutions from industrial production transform many clean rivers into undrinkable water.
The convenience brought by cars, their harmful impact on the atmosphere.
Garbage output, such as plastics and glass.
Deforestation
Global warming, current greenhouse effect remains out of control
Human exploitation of natural resources
五、教育 上網成癮 上網交友 青少年犯罪 個人隱私 出國留學 知識學術欺詐 望子成龍 拔苗助長 應試教育素質教育 考試作弊 相互攀比 名牌 浪費 課業(yè)負擔 戀愛 兼職 占座 8090后 富二代 校園旅游 教育平等 獨生子女 農民工子女 創(chuàng)新 迷信 溺愛 spoiled
To concentrate limited resources on creative talents, or elite;
Enable students to possess better job skill; 1 prepare students for future employment; 2 to enhance the quality of population; to promote scientific and technological level; 3 to prepare one for a better and more meaningful life rather than a job;
One-child policy
Migrant workers(農民工); impartial education opportunities
Overwhelming homework; quality education(素質教育)
A comprehensive renovation
六、人生價值 創(chuàng)新 勇氣 奮斗 勤儉 高瞻遠矚 奉獻 浪費 社會公德 幸福觀 勇敢 得與失 正直誠實 持之以恒 拼搏的奧運精神 讀書
To be fair and upright; honest person;
Economical and simple life; to learn to be frugal;
Success derives from persistence
Olympic motto
read more books
七、情感 友誼 團隊合作 teamwork and cooperation 幫助 selflessly offering help 讓座 鄰里關系 捐款獻愛心
Show love; provide assistance to others.
Contributing money and other necessities to people who are in great need
Eager to donate money to charity
八、交流文化 中西方文化 民族文化 老外過春節(jié) 老外學書法 學英語 城市發(fā)展與歷史傳承
A balanced economic development is not necessarily accompanied by the sacrifice of history.
Participating in the annual celebration of the Chinese spring festival
Practicing Chinese calligraphy (書法)
Cultural exchanges; acquire better understanding of each other.
The traditional Chinese culture.
Pass down culture habit and treasure; absorb and assimilate traditional culture; reserve and spread brilliant diverse culture; be under the threat of extinction; be in great danger
九、人口增長 人口質量 小學生肥胖 養(yǎng)老與老齡化 性別比例
Population aging; outdated and abandoned; to improve the living condition of the aging population ; to respect and appreciate the aged; to provide safety and happiness
The number of males outweighs that of females
The population growth is almost out of control, the humans to live is increasingly circumscribed.
十、家庭關系 養(yǎng)老 啃老
Young people are used to relying financially on their families
十一、社會熱點 黃天和諧社會 學術腐敗 可持續(xù)發(fā)展 抗爭救災眾志成城 交通旅游 國際化 堵車 寵物 農業(yè) 酒后/疲勞駕車 黃金周旅游
Traffic jams(堵車)
The successful launch of the shenzhou-6 spaceship, our national strength and scientific competency.
Traffic accidents; drive days and night with little rest; drive after drinking alcohol
To keep domestic animals; to make family life more colorful and rich; to develop sense of responsibility and caring; to make people feel closer to the natural world; to spread disease and pollute living environment; to waste time and money; to scare and hurt people, kid and the aged alike
十二、法律 合法致富 經濟發(fā)展 科技發(fā)展 網絡 電子交通 傳媒 動車
Get rich by legal means; be entitled to wealth and prosperity; stimulate people into hard working; reduce the gap; help the poor with better opportunities; make big money illegally; make this society insecure
網絡好處：share individual viewpoints and insights; enable better and more efficient interpersonal communication; enjoy equal right t personal opinion; 壞處：reveal and spread rumors; occupy and waste net space; follow trend and fashion; ( help distinguish between right and wrong; offer proper guidance; check and restrict unhealthy content; create a clean and safe environment; mislead children by indecent content; indulge n violent act and aggressive behavior)
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理23
Make friends (with) 與……交朋友
Make a living 謀生
Make a mistake 犯錯誤
Make a sentence 造句
Be made from/of 由……制成
Be made in 在……地方制造
Look after =take care of 照管，照看，
Look for 尋找
Look like 看上去像
Look out 當心，小心
Look around 朝四周看
Look at 看著……
Put on 穿上(衣服)，戴上(帽子)
Put up 張?zhí)?/p>
Set up 豎起，建起
Set off 出發(fā)，動身
Set out 出發(fā)
Send for 派人去請
Take one's advice 聽從某人勸告
Take out 拿出，取出
Take down 拿下
Take place 發(fā)生
Take the place of 代替
Take it easy 別緊張
Take away 拿走
Take off 脫下,起飛，休假
Day off / have off 休假
Take photos 拍照
Take some medicine 服藥
Turn on 開，旋開(電燈，收音機等)
Turn off 關上(電燈，收音機等)
Turn down (把音量)調低
Turn up 調高
Turn in 交出，上交
Turn…into… 變成
Turn…over 把……翻過來
At once 立刻
At last 最后
At first 起先，首先
At the age of… 在……歲時
At the end of… 在……之末
By the end of… 到……底為止
At the beginning of… 在……之初
At night/noon 在夜里/中午
In the day 在白天
In all 總共
In fact 事實上
In one's twenties 在某人二十幾歲時
In a hurry 匆忙
In time 及時
In public 公眾，公開地
In order to 為了……
In front of 在……前面
In the front of 在某物內的前面
In the end 最后，終于
In turn 依次
Of course 當然
From now on 從現(xiàn)在起
From then on 從那時起
For example 例如
Far away from 遠離
A piece of 一張(一片，塊)
A cup of 一茶懷
A glass of 一玻璃杯
A box of 一盒
A bottle of 一瓶
A set of 一套
A group of 一隊，一組，一群
A kind of 一種
All kinds of 所有種類
A type of 一種類型的
A different type of 一種不同型號的
A great deal of 非常多，大量的(不可數(shù)名詞)
A large (great) number of 非常多，大量的(可數(shù)名詞)
A great many 大量，許多(可數(shù)名詞)
All over the world/the country 全世界/全國
Day after day 日復一日
Day by day 一天天
Up and down 上上下下
The day after tomorrow 后天
The day before yesterday 前天
其他固定搭配
Langht at 嘲笑
Be used to doing習慣于
Used to 過去常常
Use sth to do sth 用某物做某事
Wake…up 喚醒
Work out 算出
Hurry up 趕快，快點
Think about 考慮……
Think of 想到
Be anxious about 擔憂
Throw away 扔掉
Hear of 聽說
Hear from 收到……來信
Instead of 代替……
With one's help 在某人的幫助下，由于
With the help of … 在……的幫助下
To one's surprise 令某人吃驚的是
Up and down 上上下下
just now/then 剛才/那時
Late on 過后，后來
Work / study hard 努力工作
Come out 解出
Wait for 等待
Do morning exercises 做早操
Do eye exercises 做眼保健操
Get on/along (well) with 與……相處(融洽)
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理24
考研英語作文常見的四個寫作格式錯誤
【摘要】考研英語作文的評分，首先關注的就是單詞、句子、格式的正確性。因此，在作文的復習中，不能只關注高端句型，正確的格式也是不容忽視的。
寫作格式錯誤主要包括題目的寫法、文章的格式、大小寫以及標點符號等四個方面。
題目的寫法
題目是首先映入讀者眼簾的，所以要注意題目的書寫位置。一定要在試卷作文紙上的上方中間位置書寫。同時還應在話題和正文之間留出一定的距離，即比正文行距稍寬一些。
其次，要注意題目的大小寫，實詞的首字母一定要大寫。其它虛詞如冠詞、連詞（但如連詞的字母多于5個時則大寫)和介詞首字母不需要大寫。比如：
跳動的心（例子）
誤：Attitudes Toward Money
正：Attitudes toward Money
文章的格式
1、四邊留空：卷面的四邊一定要留出適當?shù)腵空白。這樣的文章才能整齊、美觀，給人以清晰、明快的感覺。
2、空格：文章的每段的首行一定要有統(tǒng)一的空格（一般縮進4-6個字節(jié)）。
大小寫方面的錯誤
在考研文章的評改過程中，有關大小寫方面的錯誤層出不窮，這是考生的一個弱點。一般來說，大寫規(guī)則有以下幾條：
1、大寫每句話的第一個字母和直接引語的第一字母
如：He said,He is going to Shanghai next week.
2、大寫專有名詞，或用作專有名詞的部分普通名詞，通常是縮略形式
如：DrG .G . East
3、大寫縮寫字母
如：MPA ,MBA ,BBC
4、文章標題要大寫
5、頭銜在專有名詞前要大寫，在專有名詞后就小寫
例如：Captain SmithSmith, the captain；Uncle GeorgeGeorge ,my uncle
標點符號
考生在寫文章時，一定要注意正確使用標點符號，切忌從頭到尾只用逗號的現(xiàn)象。一定要熟練掌握常用標點符號的基本用法，尤其要正確使用逗號和分號。
三段式作文注意事項
1、作文卷面要保持整潔，不要連筆，不要涂改，這是獲取印象分的重點。很多考生由于在考場過于緊張導致作文的單詞老是寫錯，這是致命傷啊，會直接讓你越寫越沒感覺就越沒信心了，所以平常要加強練筆！
2、全文的第一句和各段的第一句必須是文章的中心句，最好能用復雜句表達。這是因為閱卷老師一般沒有那么多的時間去看作文，所以只能大概瀏覽下各段的首句，這是獲得高分的關鍵。
3、全文結構布局：全文分為三段，第一段3句，第二段5句，第三段4句，可根據(jù)具體情況調整。段落中，第一句是topic ，第二三句是detail ，第三句是conclusion 。
考研英語小作文中常見錯誤及指導整理25
考研英語應用文常見錯誤及指導
考研英語寫作分為PART A 和PART B兩部分，所占分值比例英語一分別為10分，20分，英語二分別為10分，15分。PART A即短文寫作，也就是我們所說的小作文。那么，大家可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，小作文無論在英語一還是英語二，在分值比例上，寫作要求上都是一樣的。而小作文最?？疾榈男问綖閼梦?，即書信。其實書信寫作對于廣大考生來說并不陌生，大學英語四六級中書信寫作是?？碱}型。但是老師在輔導學生作文過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)，學生的書信寫作還存在諸多問題。
首先，格式上的錯誤。書信的稱呼，正確的格式應該是“Dear …,”，而很多考生不用Dear，而且一般都是寫成“Dear…:”。另外，在考研英語寫作中不需要寫日期，最后書信的落款是“Li Ming”，而不是自己的姓名?？忌蛔⒁鈺诺?格式，后果就是扣分嚴重。
其次，審題不認真，內容離題。一直以來，在寫作之前我們都跟學生強調要審題，很多考生一直不注意這點，也有的認為書信沒有什么值得仔細審讀的。但是最后的后果就是，內容偏離題目要求。小作文要如何審題呢?首先要仔細閱讀題目所提供的情景，確定寫信人和收信人的關系即寫信人的身份，進而確定書信的口氣，這樣才能滿足大綱中對寫作語域的要求。另外，還需要注意情景發(fā)生的時間和背景，注意書信的時態(tài)。
在重點備考書信寫作的同時，提醒考生們千萬不能忽視其它類型的寫作，比如通知、備忘錄等。小作文種類繁多，但是只要有正確的思路和方法，再加上多寫、多練、多改，一定可以攻克。
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